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Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone——the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

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Bone Research 2018年第2期6卷 121-131页

作者： Yujiao Han Xiuling You Wenhui Xing Zhong Zhang Weiguo Zou State Key laboratory of cell biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes,and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin（SOST） that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influencea A osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or ＂osteokines＂from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin（OCN） secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2（LCN2） is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the *** review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process.

关键词： Paracrine endocrine actions bone functions secretory proteins osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes

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Role of circulating free DNA in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第12期8卷 810-818页

作者： Alexios Matikas Alexandra Voutsina Maria Trypaki Vassilis Georgoulias laboratory of Tumor cell biology School of MedicineUniversity of Crete

The gradual elucidation of the underlying biology of colorectal cancer has provided new insights and therapeutic options for patients with metastatic disease which are selected according to predictive biomarkers. This precision medicine paradigm, however, is incomplete since not all eligible patients respond to these agents and prognostic stratification is largely based on clinicopathologic variants. Importantly, no robust data exist to help properly select patients with localized disease at high risk for recurrence and most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. There is a rapidly expanding body of literature regarding the role of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating free DNA in various neoplasms, which consistently outperforms traditional tumor markers both as a predictive and as a prognostic marker. Several lines of evidence suggest that circulating free DNA may exhibit a complementary role to existing modalities for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, the selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy, for the followup of treated patients, for the selection of treatment for advanced disease and the assessment of response and for determining the prognosis of patients. These data, which are reviewed here, illustrate the important role that circulating biomarkers may soon have at the daily clinical practice.

关键词： cell-free DNA Circulating tumor DNA Colorectal cancer Biomarker KRAS

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Effects of CDK4 antisense RNA on Human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1,cyclinE and CDK2

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第6期44卷 541-544页

作者： SANG Jianli WANG Yongchaolaboratory of cell biology, Department of biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China laboratory of cell biology Department of Biology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The role of CDK4 in human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE and CDK2 has been investigated using inhibition of CDK4 expression by antisense RNA. When CDK4 expression was inhibited, the rate of cell proliferation and tumorigenecity decreased *** indicates that CDK4 plays an important role in formation and development of breast tumor. The resuits of Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of cyclinD1 and CDK2 mRNAs changed slightly whereas the level of cyclinE mRNA decreased obviously. It is suggested that the expression of CDK4 is necessary for induction of cyclinE expression. Thus, inhibition of CDK4 expression affects not only the role of CDK4 itself but also the role of other genes.

关键词： CDK4 breast cancer cell antisense RNA cyclinE.

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Regeneration of intergeneric somatic hybrids by protoplast fusion between Onobrychis viciaefolia and Medicago sativa

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1997年第4期40卷 363-370页

作者：徐子勤贾敬芬 cell biology laboratory of Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Protoplast fusion was induced between sainfoin and alfalfa by an improved polyethyleneglycol (PEG) method. The intergeneric somatic calluses were selected based on complementation of hydroxyproline-resistance of sainfoin and hormone autonomy growth of alfalfa transformation cell line. 17 somatic hybrid plantlets were regenerat-ed. PEG could induce the tight agglutination of protoplasts. During diluting and washing process, cyclization of the linked membrane and formation of vesicle-like structures were observed, resulting in protoplast fusion. 5%-10% glycerol supplemented in the fusion inducing solution markedly increased the frequency of heterogeneous fusion. Better fusion results were obtained when mixed protoplast suspension was dripped in petri dishes in which PEG solution was previously placed. Chromosome number of regenerated hybrid buds varied from 30 to 60. The genome of hybrids in-cluded the small chromosome from sainfoin and two chromosomes with two clear constrictions from alfalfa. The hybrid-ity of obtained hybrid calluses was confirmed by their isozyme banding patterns and their nopaline synthetase activity.

关键词： hydroxyproline-resistant cell line of sainfoin (Hyp^r) Agrobaeterium tumefaciens 702 transformed cell line of alfalfa (M_(7)) PEG glycerol vesicle protoplast fusion somatic hybrid plant let.

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PLANTLET REGENERATION FROM PROTOPLASTS ISOLATED FROM CALLUS CULTURES OF IMMATURE INFLORESCENCES OF WHEAT(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第19期34卷 1648-1652页

作者：任延国贾敬芬李名扬郑国锠 cell biology laboratory Lanzhou University cell biology laboratory Lanzhou University Department of Basic Biologysouthwest Agricultural UniversityChomgqingSichuan

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the *** attention has long been paid to the technique of protoplast culture of this *** to now, plantlet regeneration from protoplasts of anther-derived suspension cultures of wheat has been reported for the first time. In the present study, we have obtained numerous embryoids and plantlets from protoplasts of immature inflorescence-derived calli of spring wheat.

关键词： wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) protoplast culture plantlet regeneration

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Haploid embryonic stem cells:an ideal tool for mammalian genetic analyses

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Protein & cell 2012年第11期3卷 806-810页

作者： Linyu Shi Hui Yang Jinsong Li Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Identification of the function of all genes in the mammalian genome is critical in understanding basic mechanisms of ***,the diploidy of mammalian somatic cells has greatly hindered efforts to elucidate the gene function in numerous biological processes by mutagenesis-based genetic ***,mouse haploid embryonic stem(haES)cells have been successfully isolated from parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos,providing an ideal tool for genetic *** these studies,mouse haES cells have already shown that they could be used in cell-based forward or reverse genetic screenings and in generating gene-targeting via homologous *** particular,haES cells from androgenetic embryos can be employed as novel,renewable form of fertilization agent for yielding live-born mice via injection into oocytes,thus showing the possibility that genetic analysis can be extended from cellular level to organism level.

关键词： haploid embryonic stem cells parthenogenetic embryos androgenetic embryos genetic screening diploid genomic imprinting

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Differential function analysis: identifying structure and activation variations in dysregulated pathways

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第1期60卷 116-131页

作者： Chuanchao ZHANG Juan LIU Qianqian SHI Tao ZENG Luonan CHEN State Key laboratory of Software Engineering School of Computer Wuhan University Key laboratory of Systems biology Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Complex diseases are generally caused by the dysregulation of biological functions rather than individual molecules. Hence, a major challenge of the systematical study on complex diseases is how to capture the differentially regulated biological functions, e.g., pathways. The traditional differential expression analysis(DEA) usually considers the changed expression values of genes rather than functions. Meanwhile, the conventional function-based analysis(e.g., PEA: pathway enrichment analysis) mainly considers the varying activation of functions but disregards the structure change of genetic elements of functions. To achieve precision medicine against complex diseases, it is necessary to distinguish both the changes of functions and their elements from heterogeneous dysregulated pathways during the disease development and progression. In this work, in contrast to the traditional DEA, we developed a new computational framework, namely differential function analysis(DFA), to identify the changes of element-structure and expression-activation of biological functions, based on comparative non-negative matrix factorization(cN MF). To validate the effectiveness of our method, we tested DFA on various datasets, which shows that DFA is able to effectively recover the differential element-structure and differential activation-score of pre-set functional groups. In particular, the analysis of DFA on human gastric cancer dataset, not only capture the changed network-structure of pathways associated with gastric cancer, but also detect the differential activations of these pathways(i.e., significantly discriminating normal samples and disease samples), which is more effective than the state-of-the-art methods, such as GSVA and Pathifier. Totally,DFA is a general framework to capture the systematical changes of genes, networks and functions of complex diseases, which not only provides the new insight on the simultaneous alterations of pathway genes and pathway activations, but a

关键词： complex disease biological function non-negative matrix factorization network structure function activation

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Cryo-ET bridges the gap between cell biology and structural biophysics

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第6期27卷 62-71页

作者： Xiao-Fang Cheng Rui Wang Qing-Tao Shen iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 20121 O China laboratory for Marine biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China

Cryo-electron tomography（cryo-ET） is a cutting-edge technology providing three-dimensional in situ ultra-structural information of macromolecular machineries, organelles, and eukaryotic cells in their native environment at an unprecedented level of detail. Cryo-ET enables the direct observation of dynamic macromolecular architectures of bio-samples in their naturally occurring physiological state, without any harmful artifacts introduced by heavy metal staining, dehydration, and chemical fixation, which occur in traditional transmission electron microscopy. Over decades, cryo-ET has been providing insights into numerous aspects of cellular biology by revealing the pristinely preserved ultra-structures of different cellular components comprising the crowded and complex environment of the cell, thus, bridging the gap between cellular biology and structural biophysics. In this paper, we review the fundamentals of this technique, its recent advances in optics, detection devices, and computational algorithms. The enhancement of our understanding of structural cellular biology by combining these improvements, when integrated with other methods, such as cryo-focused ion beam milling,correlative light and electron microscopy, is discussed via a few examples from research groups worldwide. We also believe that cryo-ET applications in cell biology continue to provide fundamental insights into the field, revolutionizing structural biology itself.

关键词： sub-tomogram averaging segmentation direct detection phase plate

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The molecular mechanism of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第5期50卷 619-623页

作者： LIU YuXiao JI Lei TEN Yue WANG YunFang PEI XueTao laboratory of Stem cell biology Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 China Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 China Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 China Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 China Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 China

The self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is regulated by a network, which consists of a series of cell factors in microenviroments, a chain of transcription factors and certain signal conductio... 详细信息

关键词： embryonic stem cells (ESCs), self-renewal, signal network, molecular mechanism

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Identification and functional characterization of fish IL‑17 receptors suggest important roles in the response to nodavirus infection

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 252-265页

作者： Carmen González‑Fernández Miguel A.García‑Álvarez Alberto Cuesta Department of cell biology and histology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Murcia30100 MurciaSpain Laboratoire d’écotoxicologie Centre de Lyon-VilleurbanneINRAEUR RiverLy69625 VilleurbanneFrance

Th17 is a lymphocyte T helper(Th)subpopulation relevant in the control and regulation of the immune response characterized by the production of interleukin(IL)-*** crucial cytokine family acts through their binding to the IL-17 receptors(IL-17R),having up to six *** the biology of fish Th17 is well-recognized,the molecular and functional characterization of IL-17 and IL-17R has been ***,our aim was to identify and characterize the IL-17R repertory and regulation in the two main Mediterranean cultured fish species,the gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)and the European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax).Our in silico results showed the clear identification of six members in each fish species,from IL-17RA to IL-17RE-like,with well-conserved gene structure and protein domains with their human *** of them showed wide and constitutive transcription in naïve tissues but with highest levels in mucosal tissues,namely skin,gill or *** leucocytes,T mitogens showed the strongest up-regulation in most of the il17 receptors though il17ra resulted in inhibition by most ***,in vivo nodavirus infection resulted in alterations on the transcription of il17 *** nodavirus infection led to some increments in the il17ra,il17rb,il17rc and il17rd transcripts in the susceptible European sea bass,many down-regulations were observed in the resistant gilthead *** data identify the presence and conservation of six coding IL-17R in gilthead seabream and European sea bass as well as their differential regulation in vitro and upon nodavirus infection.

关键词： Th17 cells IL-17 receptors Immunity Teleost fish Nodavirus(NNV) Aquaculture

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