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Potential of guar gum as a leaky gut model in broilers: Digestibility,performance, and microbiota responses

Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 177-187页

作者： Amine mellouk Tahir mahmood maamer Jlali Nuria Vieco-Saiz Virginie michel Pierre cozannet Sarper Ozbek Yves mercier estelle Devillard Jessika consuegra Department of r&i in monogastric Animal Nutrition European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE)

Diet is a major modulator of animal resilience and its three pillars: host?s immune response, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier. in the present study, we endeavour to delineate a challenging condition aimed to degrade these pillars and elucidate its impact on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. To attain this objective, we opted to use guar gum(GG) as a source of galactomannan. A series of three in vivo experiments were conducted employing conventional or semi-purified diets, supplemented with or without GG during the grower phase(14-28 d). Our findings demonstrate a substantial decline in animal performance metrics such as body weight(reduced by 29%, P eed intake(decreased by 12%, P eed conversion ratio(up to 58% increase, P in the presence of GG at 2%. The supplementation of a semi-purified diet with incremental doses of GG resulted in a linear reduction(P in the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and apparent metabolisable energy. Additionally, a marked reduction in ileal endogenous losses, as well as apparent and standardised digestibility of all amino acids with varying proportions(P erved. These alterations were accompanied by disrupted gut integrity assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FiTc-d)(P ell as an inflammatory status characterised by elevated levels of acute-phase proteins,namely orosomucoid and serum amyloid A in the sera(P = 0.03), and increased m rNA expression levels of iL-1, iL-6, iL-8, inos, and K203 genes in the ileum, along with a decrease in ig A levels in the gut lumen(P microbial ecology and activity were characterised by reduced diversity and richness(Shannon index, P = 0.005) in the presence of GG. consequently, our results revealed diminished levels of shortchain fatty acids(P = 0.01) and their producer genera, such as clostridium＿XiVa and Blautia, in the gut caeca, coupled with excessive accumulation of lactate(17-f

关键词： Animal resilience Guar gum Broilers' gut health Performance Digestibility microbiota

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TOFD detection of shallow subsurface defects in aluminum alloy thin plates by half-skip mode-converted wave

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 454-463页

作者： Shijie JiN Zhicheng WANG Zhongbing LUO NDT&e laboratory Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116085China

Aluminum alloy is widely applied to the aerospace ***,the inspection of thin plates using Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD)technique is restricted by the near-surface dead zone because of the coupling between diffracted longitudinal wave and lateral *** halfskip mode-converted wave is introduced to decrease dead zone and detect defects in aluminum alloy thin plates by increasing ray path and propagation *** quantitative correlation for the diffracted shear wave from longitudinal back-wall wave is deduced in combination with the acoustic path,realizing the accurate location of shallow subsurface *** and experimental results indicate that the dead zone is decreased by 38% by the half-skip mode-converted wave,and the location errors are within 5% for the aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 7.0 *** to other alternative TOFD techniques,half-skip mode-converted wave has better response amplitude and positioning accuracy,demonstrating strong applicability in TOFD inspection of thin plates.

关键词： Ultrasonic testing Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD) Dead zone Half-skip mode-converted wave Quantitative detection

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Numerical investigation of the effects of soil-structure and granular material-structure interaction on the seismic response of a flat-bottom reinforced concrete silo

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earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 609-623页

作者： Sonia Benkhellat mohammed Kadri Abdelghani Seghir laboratory of Solid mechanics and Systems University of M’Hamed BougaraBoumerdes 35000Algeria laboratory of Geomaterials Environment and DevelopmentUniversity of M’Hamed BougaraBoumerdes 35000Algeria research laboratory of Applied Hydraulics and environment Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of BejaiaBejaia 06000Algeria

in this work,a numerical study of the effects of soil-structure interaction(SSi)and granular material-structure interaction(GSi)on the nonlinear response and seismic capacity of flat-bottomed storage silos is conducted.A series of incremental dynamic analyses(iDA)are performed on a case of large reinforced concrete silo using 10 seismic *** iDA results are given by two average iDA capacity curves,which are represented,as well as the seismic capacity of the studied structure,with and without a consideration of the SSi while accounting for the effect of *** curves are used to quantify and evaluate the damage of the studied silo by utilizing two damage indices,one based on dissipated energy and the other on displacement and dissipated *** cumulative energy dissipation curves obtained by the average iDA capacity curves with and without SSi are presented as a function of the base shear,and these curves allow one to obtain the two critical points and the different limit states of the *** is observed that the SSi and GSi significantly influence the seismic response and capacity of the studied structure,particularly at higher levels of ***,the effect of the SSi reduces the damage index of the studied structure by 4%.

关键词： reinforced concrete silo perfectly matched layers soil-structure interaction granular material-structure interaction effective seismic input method damage index

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A novel 2D-GO@WS2 electrochemical platform for the determination of thiram fungicide

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 226-236页

作者： Khouloud Abid Daniela iannazzo consuelo celesti Amani Khaskhoussi Antonino Foti ramzi maalej Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi Giovanni Neri Department of engineering University of MessinaC.da Di DioI-98166 MessinaItaly iNSTm Research Unity of MessinaItaly laboratory of Dielectric and Photonic materials Faculty of Sciences of SfaxSfaxUniversitySfax 3018Tunisia cNr iPcF istituto per i Processi chimico-Fisici viale F.Stagno D’Alcontres 37I-98156 MessinaItaly

in this paper,the determination of Thiram fungicide by a novel modified screen-printed carbon electrode(SPce)fabricated modifying the working electrode(We)with 2D-GO/WS2nanohybrid composites,is *** electron microscopy(Sem),raman spectroscopy,and fluorescence analysis(PL)were used to reveal the morphological and microstructural characteristics of the 2D-GO/WS2 nanohybrids with different graphene oxide:tungsten disulphide(GO:WS_(2))*** characterization demonstrated that the 2D-WS2/GO nanohybrids having a GO:WS_(2)ratio=2:1 shows the highest electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of *** developed sensor permits the quantification of Thiram in the linear range 0.083-0.33μm with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.02μm,which is below the legal limits for this fungicide in drinking water or foods.

关键词： WS_(2)nanosheets Graphene Oxide(GO) electrochemical sensor Fungicides Thiram

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laboratory and numerical modelling of irrigation infiltration and nitrogen leaching in homogeneous soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 146-158页

作者： Lei WU ruizhi Li Yan WANG Zongjun GUO Jiaheng Li Hang YANG Xiaoyi mA Key laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Blackland research and extension center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTexas A&M UniversityTemple TX 76502USA State Key laboratory of Soil erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China college of Water resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Nitrogen (N) plays a key role in crop growth and production;however,data are lacking especially regarding the interaction of biochar,grass cover,and irrigation on N leaching in saturated soil *** soil columns with 20-cm diameter and 60-cm height were designed to characterize the effects of different grass cover and biochar combinations,i.e.,bare soil+0%biochar (control,cK),perennial ryegrass+0%biochar (c1),Festuca arundinacea+0%biochar (c2),perennial ryegrass+1%biochar (c3),perennial ryegrass+2%biochar (c4),perennial ryegrass+3%biochar (c5),***+1%biochar (c6),***+2% biochar (c7),and ***+3%biochar (c8),on periodic irrigation infiltration and N leaching in homogeneous loess soils from July to December *** in cK were 10.2%–35.3%higher than those in c1 and *** perennial ryegrass and *** decreased the volumes of leachates and delayed the leaching process in the 1%,2%,and 3%biochar treatments,and the vertical leaching rate decreased with biochar *** N leaching losses were concentrated in the first few leaching tests,and both total N (TN) and nitrate (NO_(3)^(-))-N concentrations in cK and c1–c8 decreased with increasing leaching test *** addition (1%,2%,and 3%) could further reduce the leaching risk of NO_(3)^(-)-N and the NO_(3)^(-)-N loss decreased with biochar ***,compared to 1%biochar,2% biochar promoted the leaching of TN under both grass cover *** N leaching losses in cK,c1,c2,c3,c4,c6,and c7 were primarily in the form of NO_(3)^(-)-*** these treatments,cK,c1,and c2had the highest cumulative leaching fractions NO_(3)^(-)-N (>90%),followed by those in c3,c4,c6,and c7 (>80%).The cumulative leaching fraction of NO_(3)^(-)-N decreased with increasing leaching test times and biochar addition,and 3%biochar addition (i.e.,c5 and c8) reduced it to approximately 50%.The one-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive transport equation can be used as an effective nume

关键词： leaching loss nitrate nitrogen biochar grass cover analytical modelling

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Biomass valorization via electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage

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Journal of energy chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 542-578页

作者： Keping Wang Zhenyan Guo min Zhou Ying Yang Lanyun Li Hu Li rafael Luque Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan National Key laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide&Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationState-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of BiomassCenter for R&D of Fine ChemicalsGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Departamento de Quimica Organica Universidad de CordobaCampus de RabanalesEdificio Marie Curie(C-3)Ctra Nnal IVKm.396E-14014 CordobaSpain laboratory of Bioproduct chemistry Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing(CIAB)Mohali 140306PunjabIndia

renewable electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass feedstocks into valuable chemicals is one of the promising strategies to relieve the pressure of traditional energy-based *** electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage of high selectivity,various functionalized molecules,such as organic acids,amides,esters,and nitriles,have great potential to be accessed from ***,it has merely received finite concerns and interests in the *** review first showcases the research progress on the electrocatalytic conversion of lipid/sugar-and lignin-derived molecules(e.g.,glycerol,mesoerythritol,xylose,glucose,1-phenylethanol,and cyclohexanol)into organic acids via specific carbon–carbon bond scission processes,with focus on disclosing reaction mechanisms,recognizing actual active species,and collecting feasible modification *** the guidance of further extensive studies on biomass valorization,organic transformations via a variety of reactions,including decarboxylation,ring-opening,rearrangement,reductive hydrogenation,and carboxylation,are also disclosed for the construction of similar carbon skeletons/*** remaining challenges,prospective applications,and future objectives in terms of biomass conversion are also *** review is expected to provide references to develop renewed electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage transformation paths/strategies for biomass upgrading.

关键词： electrocatalysis Biomass conversion carbon-carbon bond cleavage Organic acids

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charting the course to solid-state dual-ion batteries

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carbon energy 2024年第3期6卷 132-177页

作者： Habtom D.Asfaw Antonia Kotronia Nuria Garcia-Araez Kristina edström Daniel Brandell Department of chemistry Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of chemistry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

An electrolyte destined for use in a dual-ion battery(DiB)must be stable at the inherently high potential required for anion intercalation in the graphite electrode,while also protecting the Al current collector from anodic dissolution.A higher salt concentration is needed in the electrolyte,in comparison to typical battery electrolytes,to maximize energy density,while ensuring acceptable ionic conductivity and operational *** recent years,studies have demonstrated that highly concentrated organic electrolytes,ionic liquids,gel polymer electrolytes(GPes),ionogels,and water-in-salt electrolytes can potentially be used in *** can help reduce the use of solvents and thus lead to a substantial change in the coulombic efficiency,energy density,and long-term cycle life of ***,GPes are suited to manufacture compact DiB designs without separators by virtue of their mechanical strength and electrical *** this review,we highlight the latest advances in the application of different electrolytes in DiBs,with particular emphasis on GPes.

关键词： anion intercalation concentrated electrolytes dual-ion battery graphite ionic liquids polymer electrolyte

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High-Performance and Large-Area inverted Perovskite Solar cells Based on NiO_(x) Films enabled with A Novel microstructure-control Technology

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energy & environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 153-159页

作者： Guibin Shen Xin Li Yuqin Zou Hongye Dong Dongping Zhu Yanglin Jiang Xin ren Ng Fen Lin Peter müller-Buschbaum cheng mu Key laboratory of Advanced Light conversion materials and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Solar energy research institute of Singapore(SeriS) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Physik-Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienTechnische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748Garching Germany Heinz maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(mLZ) Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr.185748Garching Germany

The improvement in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells(PScs)is significantly limited by undesirable contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite *** this study,a novel microstructure-control technology is proposed for fabrication of porous NiO_(x)films using Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent and acetylacetone(AcAc)as the coordination *** synthesized porous NiO_(x)films enhanced the hole extraction efficiency and reduced recombination defects at the NiO_(x)/perovskite ***,without any modification,the power conversion efficiency(Pce)of the PSc with mAPbl_(3)as the absorber layer improved from 16.50%to 19.08%.moreover,the Pce of the device composed of perovskite cs0.05(mA_(0.15)FA_(0.85))_(0.95)Pb(i_(0.85)Br_(0.15))_(3)improved from 17.49%to 21.42%.Furthermore,the application of the fabricated porous NiO_(x)on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrates enabled the fabrication of large-area PScs(1.2 cm^(2))with a Pce of 19.63%.This study provides a novel strategy for improving the contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface for the fabrication of high-performance large-area perovskite solar cells.

关键词： interfacial contact inverted and large-area perovskite solar cells photovoltaic materials porous NiO_(x)films renewable energy

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Homogeneous void nucleation in the presence of supersaturated vacancies and interstitials

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Journal of materiomics 2024年第5期10卷 1147-1159页

作者： Lin Shao Accelerator laboratory Department of Nuclear EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

Homogeneous void nucleation in metals containing arbitrary vacancies and interstitials has been reexamined,with corrections made to the original work by Katz and *** void size distributions derived previously missed an exponential modification function with void size as the *** a result,void nucleation under a given vacancy supersaturation ratio is underestimated by orders of *** second improvement arises from the accuracy in calculating the vacancy arrival rate to a *** present work proposes establishing a direct relationship between the vacancy arrival rate and the available self-diffusion *** these corrections and improvements,void nucleation in pure Fe is calculated as an example,and an analytic fitting formula is *** required vacancy supersaturation ratio and interstitial-to-vacancy flux ratio for void nucleation calculations can be easily obtained from an analytical solution of rate theory calculations,in which dislocation density and displacements per atom(dpa)rate are adjustable ***,the nucleation rate calculation can be incorporated into rate theory calculations considering evolving dislocation densities,which leads to time-dependent void nucleation.

关键词： Void nucleation Voids irradiation Swelling Defects

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commentary on “Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua chen robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Brain-mind laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

maltagliati et al.1 recently highlighted the vital role of affective experiences in promoting physical activity(PA).The authors suggested that positive affective experiences,rather than health benefits,can tip the balance in favor of PA over sedentary *** authors proposed a new formal decision model between PA and sedentary alternatives and reported that when health benefits are the unique reason to action,the costs of PA(e.g.,effort)and the subjective value(SV)of sedentary alternatives(V_(sed))are the main drivers of decision-making processes.

关键词： benefits formal decision

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