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The growing threat of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 735-737页

作者： Margaret L.P.Teng Kai En Chan Darren J.H.Tan Daniel Q.Huang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore Yong Loo lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)worldwide(1).It is anticipated that the burden of NAFLD-related HCC will continue to increase in tandem with the global obesity epidemic(2,3).This has become a global issue of concern,as liver cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,and is currently the third leading cause of cancer death(4).

关键词： hepatocellular NAFLD liver

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal metabolic complementarity between whiteflies and their symbionts

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 539-549页

作者： Dan-Tong Zhu Qiong Rao Chi Zou Fei-Xue Ban Juan-Juan Zhao Shu-Sheng Liu Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310029 China School of Agriculture and Food Science Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityLin'anHangzhou311300 China

Nutritional mutualism between insects and symbiotic bacteria is widespread.The various sap-feeding whitefly species within the Bemisia tabaci complex associate with the same obligate symbiont(Portiera)and multiple secondary symbionts.It is often assumed that some of the symbionts residing in the whiteflies play crucial roles in the nutritional physiology of their insect hosts.Although effort has been made to understand the functions of the whitefly symbionts,the metabolic complementarity offered by these symbionts to the hosts is not yet well understood.We examined two secondary symbionts,Arsenophonus and Wolbachia,in two species of the B.tabaci whitefly complex,provisionally named as Asia II 3 and China 1.Genomic sequence analyses revealed that Arsenophonus and Wolbachia retained genes responsible for the biosynthesis of B vitamins.We then conducted transcriptomic surveys of the bacteriomes in these two species of whiteflies together with that in another species named MED of this whitefly complex previously reported.The analyses indicated that several key genes in B vitamin syntheses from the three whitefly species were identical.Our findings suggest that,similar to another secondary symbiont Hamiltonella,Arsenophonus and Wolbachia function in the nutrient provision of host whiteflies.Although phylogenetically distant species of symbionts are associated with their respective hosts,they have evolved and retained similar functions in biosynthesis of some B vitamins.Such metabolic complementarity between whiteflies and symbionts represents an important feature of their coevolution.

关键词： symbiont B vitamins complement evolution whitefly

Microbial Development in Soils Under Intensively Managed Bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) Stands

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Pedosphere 2005年第1期15卷 33-40页

作者： XUQiu-Fang JIANGPei-Kun ZhejiangForestryCollege Lin＇an311300China

Phyllostachys praecox C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao, a favored bamboo shoot species, has been widely planted in recent years. Four stands with different historical management practices were selected for this study to understand the evolution of soil microbial ecology by determining the effects of a new mulching and heavy fertilization practice on soil quality using microbiological parameters. Compared with the traditional practice (index 1), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil microbial respiration carbon (MRC) with the new management practice significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01 and P ＜ 0.05,respectively) with 1-2 years of mulching (index 2) and then for continued mulching significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05). The ratios of MBC/TOC (total organic carbon) and MRC/TOC also significantly diminished (P ＜ 0.05) with mulching. The average well color development (AWCD) and Shannon index decreased with mulching time, and the significant decrease(P ＜ 0.05) in Shannon index occurred from index 2 to index 3. The results from a principal components analysis (PCA)showed that the scores of the first principal component for indexes 1 and 2 were significantly larger (P ＜ 0.05) than soils mulched 3-4 years or 5-6 years. Also, the second principal component scores for index 1 were larger than those for index 2, suggesting that the ability of soil microorganisms to utilize soil carbon was decreasing with longer use of the new management practice and causing a deterioration of soil biological properties.

关键词：微生物碳含量功能差异碳呼吸土壤学

Moso bamboo expansion decreased soil heterotrophic respiration but increased arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelial respiration in a subtropical broadleaved forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 337-347页

作者： Wenhao Jin Jiaying Tu Qifeng Wu Liyuan Peng Jiajia Xing Chenfei Liang Shuai Shao Junhui Chen Qiufang Xu Hua Qin The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'anHangzhou311300China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'anHangzhou311300China Agricultural Technology Extension Centre Lin'an Municipal Bureau of AgricultureLin'anHangzhou311300China

Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys Pubescens)expansion into adjacent forests has been widely reported to affect plant diversity and its association with mycorrhizal fungi in subtropical China,which will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration.However,there is still limited information on how Moso bamboo expansion changes soil respiration components and their linkage with microbial community composition and activity.Based on a mesh exclusion method,soil respirations derived from roots,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)mycelium,and free-living microbes were investigated in a pure Moso bamboo forest(expanded),an adjacent broadleaved forest(nonexpanded),and a mixed bamboo-broadleaved forest(expanding).Our results showed that bamboo expansion decreased the cumulative CO_(2)effluxes from total soil respiration,root respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration(by 19.01%,30.34%,and 29.92%on average),whereas increased those from AM mycelium(by 78.67%in comparison with the broadleaved forests).Bamboo expansion significantly decreased soil organic carbon(C)content,bacterial and fungal abundances,and enzyme activities involved in C,N and P cycling whereas enhanced the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.In contrast,the ingrowth of AM mycelium increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and decreased the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration and AM mycelium respiration had positive correlations with soil enzyme activities and fungal abundances.In summary,our findings suggest that bamboo expansion decreased soil heterotrophic respiration by decreasing soil microbial activity but increased the contribution of AM mycelial respiration to soil C efflux,which may potentially increase soil C loss from AM mycelial pathway.

关键词： Bamboo expansion Soil respiration Soil organic carbon Plant C allocation Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Molecular dynamics simulations of the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate on lipid bilayer

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第3期26卷 303-307页

作者：徐斌林文强汪小刚曾松伟周国泉陈均朗 School of Sciences Zhejiang A ＆ F University Lin’an 311300 China School of Information and Industry Zhejiang A ＆ F University Lin ’ an 311300 China

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the fully hydrated lipid bilayer with different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. SDS can readily penetrate into the membrane. The insertion of SDS causes a decrease in the bilayer area and increases in the bilayer thickness and lipid tail order, when the fraction of SDS is less than 28%. Through calculating the binding energy, we confirm that the presence of SDS strengthens the interactions among the DPPC lipids, while SDS molecules act as intermedia. Both the strong hydrophilic interactions between sulfate and phosphocholine groups and the hydrophobic interactions between SDS and DPPC hydrocarbon chains contribute to the tight packing and ordered alignment of the lipids. These results are in good agreement with the experimental observations and provide atomic level information that complements the experiments.

关键词： surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate lipid bilayer molecular dynamics simulations

Assembly and disassembly mechanics of a spherical snap fit

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2023年第1期13卷 26-32页

作者： Xiao-lin Guo Bo-Hua Sun School of Civil Engineering&Institute of Mechanics and Technology Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

The snap fit is a common mechanical mechanism.We have studied the spherical snap fit carefully for its physical asymmetry,which is easy to assemble but difficult to disassemble.Because of the complexity of spherical snap fit,it is difficult to get a theoretical formula to describe its physical asymmetry.In this paper,the pushing assembly and pulling disassembly of spherical snap fit are studied by both finite element analysis and experiments.The theoretical formulaes of spherical snap fit have been obtained based on numerical simulations and theoretical results of cylindrical snap fit.

关键词： Snap fit Elasticity Friction Asymmetry Beam Spherical shells

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer: development, mechanisms of resistance and potential management strategies

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第4期6卷 768-787页

作者： Rachel SJ Wong Rebecca JM Ong Joline SJ Lim Department of Haematology-Oncology National University Cancer InstituteNational University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore Yong Loo lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(iCls)has increased exponentially in the past decade,although its progress specifically for breast cancer has been modest.The first U.S.Food and Drug Administration approval for ICl in breast cancer came in 2019,eight years after the first-ever approval of an ICl.At present,current indications for ICls are relevant only to a subset of patients with triple-negative breast cancer,or those displaying high microsatellite instability or deficiency in the mismatch repair protein pathway.With an increasing understanding of the limitations of using ICls,which stem from breast cancer being innately poorly immunogenic,as well as the presence of various intrinsic and acquired resistance pathways,ongoing trials are evaluating different combination therapies to overcome these barriers.In this review,we aim to describe the development timeline of ICls and resistance mechanisms limiting their utility,and summarise the available approaches and ongoing trials relevant to overcoming each resistance mechanism.

关键词： Immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance mechanisms breast cancer

Abundance and Dynamics of Soil Labile Carbon Pools Under Different Types of Forest Vegetation

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 505-511页

作者： JIANG Pei-Kun XU Qiu-Fang Zhejiang Forestry College Lin＇an 311300 （China）

Soil organic matter (SOM) in forest ecosystems is not only important to global carbon (C) storage but also to sustainable management of forestland with vegetation types, being a critical factor in controlling the quantity and dynamics of SOM. In this field experiment soil plots with three replicates were selected from three forest vegetation types: broadleaf, Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.). Soil total organic C (TOC), two easily oxidizable C levels (EOC1 and EOC2, which were oxidized by 66.7 mmol L-1 K_2Cr_2O_7 at 130-140℃and 333 mmol L-1 KMnO4 at 25℃, respectively), microbial biomass C (MBC), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC) were analyzed for soil samples. Soil under the broadleaf forest stored significantly higher TOC (P (?) 0.05). Because of its significantly larger total soil C storage, the soil under the broadleaf forest usually had significantly higher levels (P (?) 0.05) of the different labile organic carbons, EOC1, EOC2, MBC, and WSOC; but when calculated as a percentage of TOC each labile C fraction of the broadleaf forest was significantly lower (P (?)0.05) than one of the other two forests. Under all the three vegetation types temperature as well as quality and season of litter input generally affected the dynamics of different organic C fractions in soils, with EOC1, EOC2, and MBC increasing closely following increase in temperature, whereas WSOC showed an opposite trend.

关键词：森林土壤有机碳植被生态系统

Deciphering lipid dysregulation in ALS:from mechanisms to translational medicine

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 192-218页

作者： Ira Agrawal Yong Shan Lim Shi-Yan Ng Shuo-Chien ling Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeTahir Foundation BuildingMD116-03-H12 Science Drive 2Singapore 117549Singapore Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders Duke-National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore.

Lipids,defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents,can be classified into fatty acids,glycerolipids,glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids,and sterols.Lipids not only regulate integrity and fluidity of biologi-cal membranes,but also serve as energy storage and bioactive molecules for signaling.Causal mutations in SPTLC1(serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 1)gene within the lipogenic pathway have been identified in amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),a paralytic and fatal motor neuron disease.Furthermore,lipid dysmetabolism within the central nervous system and circulation is associated with ALS.Here,we aim to delineate the diverse roles of different lipid classes and understand how lipid dysmetabolism may contribute to ALS pathogenesis.Among the different lipids,accumulation of ceramides,arachidonic acid,and lysophosphatidylcholine is commonly emerging as detri-mental to motor neurons.We end with exploring the potential ALS therapeutics by reducing these toxic lipids.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Sphingolipids Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol esters Fatty acids Ceramides Arachidonic acid Lysophosphatidylcholine Eicosanoids