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learning of medical pharmacology via innovation:a personal experience at McMaster and in Asia

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第9期25卷 84-92页

作者： Chiu-yin KWAn Canada Department of Medicine HSC-4n40 Faculty of Health Sciences Hamilton l8n 3z5 McMaster University Ontario

Pharmacology in the traditional medical curriculum has been treated as a discrete "preclinical" discipline identifying itself distinctly different from the other preclinical sciences or clinical subjects in knowledge base as well as learning/teaching instructions. It is usually run in series with other pre-clinical courses (eg, anatomy, biochemistry, physiology etc), but in parallel with other paraclinical courses such as pathology, microbiology and community medicine. Clinical pharmacology was only introduced relatively recently designed to overcome the perceived deficiency in "preclinical" pharmacology regarding its therapeutic relevance and application to medicine. In many universities, both preclinical and clinical pharmacology courses co-exist, usually independently offered by two separate, sometimes non-interacting Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. In this model, pharmacology is generally taught in a teacher-centered, discipline-oriented, and knowledge-based curriculum. Further

关键词： problem-based learning pharmacology medical education self-directed learning small group tutorial

Survey： Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Acute low Back Pain by Physicians and Physiotherapists in Ontario

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2010年第6期8卷 331-335页

作者： Kien Vinh Trinh Alice Sy DeGroote School of Medicine Office of MD Admissions McMaster University Ontario L8N 3Z5 Canada Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University Ontario L8N 3Z5 Canada

Objective： To determine the prevalence of the use of acupuncture treatment for acute low back pain （lBP） among acupuncture practitioners, and investigate acupuncture practitioners＇ perceptions on the effectiveness of this treatment modality and the costs associated with its use in Canada. Methods： A questionnaire designed to achieve our objectives was distributed to all 285 members in the Ontario chapter of the Acupuncture Foundation of Canada （AFC） in September of 1996. Only responses from physicians and physiotherapists were included in the analysis. Results： Of the 281 eligible physicians and physiotherapists, 197 completed the survey （response rate of 70.1%）. 45.0% of the respondents were physicians and 55.0% of them were physiotherapists. 87.0% of the respondents had used acupuncture for the treatment of acute lBP in the past, 66.0% of them were using it at the time of the survey and 87.0% said they would continue to use it in the future. 83.0% of the respondents perceived acupuncture to be effective for acute lBP and 60.0% of them believed that treating acute lBP with acupuncture will prevent the development of chronic lBE The average cost per treatment was $28 and the average time of treatments thought to be necessary to treat acute lBP was 5.7. Conclusions： The results showed that the majority of the respondents had a positive and favorable outlook towards using acupuncture for the treatment of acute lBP. They frequently used acupuncture for treating this condition in their practice and an overwhelming majority perceived acupuncture to be effective for treating acute lBP. In addition, over half of the respondents believed that acupuncture treatment would prevent the progression of acute lBE Although the acupuncture practitioners surveyed in this study perceived acupuncture to be an effective treatment for acute lBP, quantitative data from high quality research are needed to validate these perceptions.

关键词： low Back Pain: Acuouncture Theranv: Ouestionnaires

Informatic analysis reveals legionella as a source of novel natural products

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第2期1卷 130-136页

作者： Chad W.Johnston Jonathan Plumb Xiang li Sergio Grinstein nathan A.Magarvey The Michael G.DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada L8N 3Z5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada L8N 3Z5 Cell Biology Program Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada M5G 1X8

Microbial natural products are a crucial source of bioactive molecules and unique chemical *** their importance,rediscovery of known natural products from established productive microbes has led to declining interest,even while emergent genomic data suggest that the majority of microbial natural products remain to be ***,new sources of microbial natural products must be defined in order to provide chemical scaffolds for the next generation of small molecules for therapeutic,agricultural,and industrial *** this work,we use specialized bioinformatic programs,genetic knockouts,and comparative metabolomics to define the genus legionella as a new source of novel natural *** show that legionella *** a diverse collection of biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural *** confirm this bioinformatic survey,we create targeted mutants of *** and use comparative metabolomics to identify a novel polyketide *** spectroscopic techniques,we show that this polyketide possesses a new chemical scaffold,and firmly demonstrate that this unexplored genus is a source for novel natural products.

关键词： natural products legionella Polyketides PRISM

Commentary on"Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 125-126页

作者： Michael Baggaley Arash Khassetarash Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada

It is a pleasure to write a commentary on the work of *** Rice and colleagues,l who have advanced our understanding of how the mechanical loading environment of the tibia changes as a function of running grade and *** is important that we understand how the tibia is loaded during conditions that an individual is likely to encounter when running as it is these internal loads which we believe are responsible for the development of bone-stress injuries.

关键词： loading injuries likely

Orthogonal polynomial expansions for the valuation ofoptions under the stochastic volatility models with stochastic correlation

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2024年第2期9卷 239-253页

作者： Kevin z.Tong Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa585 King EdwardOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

This work provides a new method for pricing options under the generalized stochastic volatility models with Jacobi stochastic *** method is based on the observation that the generalized models belong to the class of polynomial diffusions and therefore the option prices can be efficiently computed via orthogonal polynomial *** take the Heston and Schöbel-zhu models with stochastic correlation as two specific examples and are able to derive the analytical formulas for the option *** also illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method through a number of numerical experiments.

关键词： Orthogonal polynomial expansions Polynomial diffusions Stochastic correlation Jacobi process Stochastic volatility

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(n-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2172-2183页

作者： liang Wang Xue zhang Jingjing Meng Qinghua lei Department of Earth Sciences ETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland Department of Civil Engineering and Industrial Design University of LiverpoolLiverpoolL693BXUK Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala75105Sweden

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(n-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated *** approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM *** mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing *** discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the *** express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)***,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point ***,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM *** experiments demonstrate that the n-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM *** work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

关键词： Particle finite element method nodal integration Dynamic saturated media Second-order cone programming(SOCP)

Multi-scale analysis of carbon mineralization in lime-treated soils considering soil mineralogy

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2296-2309页

作者： Dhanalakshmi Padmaraj Chinchu Cherian Dali naidu Arnepalli Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India University of northern British Columbia Prince GeorgeBCV2N4Z9Canada

Mineral carbonation is emerging as a reliable CO_(2) capture technology that can mitigate climate *** lime-treated clayey soils,mineral carbonation occurs through the carbonation of free lime and cementitious products derived from pozzolanic *** kinetics of the reactions in lime-treated clayey soils are variable and depend primarily on soil *** present study demonstrates the role of soil mineralogy in CO_(2) capture and the subsequent changes caused by carbon mineralization in terms of the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of lime-treated soils during their service *** clayey soils(kaolin,bentonite,and silty clay)with different mineralogical characteristics were treated with 4%lime content,and the samples were cured in a controlled environment for 7 d,90 d,180 d,and 365 *** the specified curing periods,the samples were exposed to CO_(2) in a carbonation cell for 7 *** non-carbonated samples purged with n2 gas were used as a benchmark to compare the mechanical,chemical-mineralogical,and microstructure changes caused by carbonation *** investigations indicated that exposure to CO_(2) resulted in an average increase of 10%in the UCS of limetreated bentonite,whereas the strength of lime-treated kaolin and silty clay was reduced by an average of 35%.The chemical and microstructural analyses revealed that the precipitated carbonates effectively filled the macropores of the treated bentonite,compared to the inadequate cementation caused by pozzolanic reactions,resulting in strength *** contrast,strength loss in lime-treated kaolin and silty clay was attributed to the carbonation of cementitious phases and partly to the tensile stress induced by carbonate *** terms of carbon mineralization prospects,lime-treated kaolin exhibited maximum carbonation due to the higher availability of unreacted *** results suggest that,in addition to the increase in compressive strength,adequate calcium-b

关键词： Clays Mineralogy Carbon capture lime Strength Pore structure

Two-dimensional magnetic materials for spintronic applications

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nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 743-762页

作者： Shivam n.Kajale Jad Hanna Kyuho Jang Deblina Sarkar MIT Media lab Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland

Spintronic devices are driving new paradigms of bio-inspired,energy efficient computation like neuromorphic stochastic computing and in-memory *** have also emerged as key candidates for non-volatile memories for embedded systems as well as alternatives to persistent *** meet the growing demands from such diverse applications,there is need for innovation in materials and device designs which can be scaled and adapted according to the ***-dimensional(2D)magnetic materials address challenges facing bulk magnet systems by offering scalability while maintaining device integrity and allowing efficient control of *** this review,we highlight the progress made in experimental studies on 2D magnetic materials towards their integration into spintronic *** provide an account of the various relevant material discoveries,demonstrations of current and voltage-based control of magnetism and reported device systems,while also discussing the challenges and opportunities towards integration of 2D magnetic materials in commercial spintronic devices.

关键词： spintronics van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction(MTJ) spin-orbit torque magnetism

Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.VAn DER HEIJDEn Alain Y.VAlzAnO-HElD Markus JOCHER Florian WAlDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

nitrogen(n)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced n enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial n *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in n cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated n enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different n pathways over nine *** found that high n enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant n:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil n availability *** in plant n:P ratios due to the increased plant n and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in n cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced n losses primarily by mitigating n leaching,while n_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced n_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of n_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing n leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in n cycling and that the integral role of AMF in n cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： n cycling n enrichment n uptake n:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi