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Investigating drivers of active nitrification in organic horizons of tropical forest soils

Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第3期5卷 89-99页

作者： Shinichi Watanabe Makoto Shibata Yoshiko Kosugi Lion Marryanna Keitaro Fukushima Arief Hartono Shinya Funakawa Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 KepongSelangorMalaysia Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University509-3Hirano 2-chomeOtsu-shiShiga520-2113Japan Faculty of Agriculture Bogor Agricultural UniversityJalan MerantiKampus IPB Darmaga 16680BogorIndonesia

High nitrate leaching has been observed from the O horizons of some tropical forests;however,the drivers of high nitrate production(active nitrification)in these O horizons have not yet been *** study investigated the drivers of active nitrification in the O horizon of tropical forest soils by focusing on two of the most widely recognized controlling factors of nitrification,total N,and *** collected mineral and O horizons from eight tropical forests in Cameroon,Indonesia,and Malaysia and measured gross nitrification *** O horizons showed significantly higher gross nitrification rates than mineral horizons,indicating that these O horizons have a high potential for *** nitrification rates in the O horizons were positively correlated with both total N and pH,and the chemical properties(e.g.,total content of N,P,and base cations)were *** correlations suggested that the underlying driver of nitrification in the O horizon was nutrient richness in the *** also indicated a threshold of gross nitrification rates around pH values of 5.5–*** elucidate that active nitrification and subsequent high nitrate leaching from the O horizon could be driven by nutrient-rich litter,possibly derived from soil fertility and tree species.

关键词： nitrogen dynamics gross nitrification rate organic horizon forest floor acidic soil leguminous trees

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Community Insights:Citizen Participation in Kamaishi Unosumai Decade-Long Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第6期14卷 886-897页

作者： Nombulelo Kitsepile Ngulube Hirokazu Tatano Subhajyoti Samaddar Department of Social Informatics Graduate School of InformaticsKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8507Japan Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

Numerous scholars and researchers have long advocated for citizen engagement in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction initiatives,although unique opportunities and challenges in effectively implementing citizen engagement still *** has been 12 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake,where the government called for a citizen-centered recovery and reconstruction process,and reconstruction in most areas in the Tohoku region has almost been *** qualitative data acquired through interviews with the residents,field observations during the World Bosai Walk,and questionnaire and archival research,this study aimed to discuss the overall reconstruction of Unosumai in Iwate Prefecture,giving the residents'perspective on the benefits and challenges they faced in participating in recovery planning and reconstruction and how the community has been able to strengthen their participation in disaster reduction initiatives since the earthquake and *** discussion is crucial as it would effectively offer lessons on engaging residents in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction after mega-disasters.

关键词： Community participation Community perspective Japan Post-disaster Reconstruction Recovery planning

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Factors Impacting Participatory Post‑Disaster Relocation and Housing Reconstruction:The Case of Tsholotsho District,Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 58-72页

Relocation is not typically considered the best planning option for post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation,but it may be necessary if the site has suffered severe damage or is at imminent *** is a growing recognition that strong community participation is necessary in the post-disaster relocation decision-making process since relocation can have detrimental effects on a community’s livelihood,cultural system,and way of life,among ***,the realization of this still needs to be *** of yet,few studies have examined a comprehensive account of meaningful community engagement in post-disaster relocation and reconstruction,particularly in developing *** study investigated what factors influenced local communities’ participation in post-disaster relocation and reconstruction works after the 2017Cyclone Dineo flood disaster in the Tsholotsho District of *** research methods such as face-to-face interviews,observations,and focus groups were used to collect qualitative data from a purposive sample of 25 community members and 6 *** empirical investigation showed that despite the fact that the relocation project was conceived as a community-centered project,there was no meaningful community engagement,due to the absence of a participatory framework or planning guidelines for stakeholder engagement,as well as the lack of political willingness among government *** study concluded that the lack of community involvement led to local communities abandoning the reconstruction sites because relocation projects failed to accommodate the cultural beliefs,place attachments,and livelihood concerns of local *** study suggested that it is imperative to enhance the awareness of government officials and other stakeholders about the importance of community participation for the effective implementation of post-disaster relocation *** community participation can also provide avenues fo

关键词： Community rehabilitation Housing reconstruction-Participatory relocation Zimbabwe

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Temperature Dependence and P/Zn Ratio in Phosphoric Acid Treatment of Zinc Oxide

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第5期32卷 432-436页

作者： Hiroaki Onoda Yurie Sato Department of Informatics and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University1-5Shimogamo Nakaragi-cyoSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8522Japan

Zinc oxide, which has photocatalytic activity, is used as white pigment for cosmetics. A certain degree of sebum on the skin is decomposed by ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, zinc oxide was shaken with phosphoric acid to synthesize a white pigment for cosmetics. Zinc oxide was set with 0.1 mol/L of phosphoric acid at P/Zn = 1/1 and 1/2, and then shaking in hot water for 1 h. The chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activity, color phase, and smoothness of the obtained powder were studied. The P/Zn ratio in preparation had an effect on the reaction between phosphoric acid and zinc oxide. The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide was inhibited by phosphoric acid treatment. The obtained samples had enough high reflectance at the visible light region.

关键词： Zinc oxide Photocatalytic activity Powder processing

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Thermal Diffusivity of Film/Substrate Structures Characterized by Transient Thermal Grating Method

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第1期25卷 176-179页

作者：徐晓东马頔张淑仪罗爱华 KIYOTAKA Wasa Laboratory of Modern Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 Department of Micro-engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

Transient thermal grating method is used to measure the thermal diffusivity of absorbing films deposited on transparent substrates. According to periodically modulated dielectric constant variations and thermoelastic deformations of the thin films caused by the transient thermal gratings, an improved optical diffraction theory is presented. In the experiment, the probing laser beam reflectively diffracted by the thermal grating is measured by a photomultiplier at different grating fringe spaces. The thermal diffusivity of the film can be evaluated by fitting the theoretical calculations of diffraction signals to the experimental measured data. The validity of the method is tested by measuring the thermal diffusivities of absorbing ZnO films deposited on glass substrates.

关键词： ACOUSTIC-WAVES THIN-FILMS

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Preface of the Special Issue: Queueing Systems and Engineering Applications

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第2期28卷 129-131页

作者： Wuyi Yue Yutaka Takahashi Department of Intelligence and Informatics Konan University Kobe 658-8501 Japan Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

This volume of the Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering is devoted to the extended versions of papers selected and presented at the 12th International Conference on Queueing Theory and Network Applicatio... 详细信息

关键词： Systems 12th Applications

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Variation of Surface Adhesion Force During the Formation of OTS Self-assembled Monolayer Investigated by AFM

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1999年第4期7卷 345-350页

作者：徐国华 HigashitaniKo DepartmentofChemicalEnginesring ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China DepartmantofChemicalEnineering KyotoUniversityKyoto606-01Japan

Variation of the surface adhesion force during the formation of octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer on a glass substrate surface was investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM). The research shows that the hydrophobicity and the adhesion force of the sample surface increases gradually while the substrate surface is covered by OTS molecules as the reaction proceeds. After 15min reaction, a close-packed and smooth OTS self-assembled monolayer could form on the glass substrate surface with an advancing contact angle of 105° and an interfacial energy of 55.79mJ·m-2.

关键词： surface adhesion force atomic force microscope octadecyl trichlorosilane selfassembled monolayer

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Aluminum Electroplating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with Acetic Anhydride Pretreatment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第12期35卷 1996-2006页

作者： Zelei Zhang Atsushi Kitada Kazuhiro Fukami Kuniaki Murase Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Chemical System Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

Magnesium(Mg)alloys for metal electroplating require a surface pretreatment,i.e.,the removal of the spontaneously oxidized surface layer(MgO,Mg(OH)_(2),andMgCO_(3)).However,the use of highly toxic and/or corrosive acids in conventional pretreatment processes has become an *** this study,a facile and less toxic pretreatment is demonstrated and applied in aluminum(Al)*** immersion of the AZ31 Mg alloy into acetic anhydride(Ac_(2)O)removed the spontaneously oxidized surface layer and formed a thin but stable magnesium acetate(Mg(OAc)_(2))layer that protects the metal substrate from further *** Al electroplating bath is a concentrated diglyme(G2)-AlCl_(3)organic solution that can readily dissolve Mg(OAc)_(2)to enable direct plating onto a metal *** as-deposited Al layer has a compact and crack-free morphology that improves the corrosion resistance and hardness(2.7 GPa).Owing to the lack of an interfacial oxidized layer,heat treatment led to the successful diff usion of Mg and Al atoms,which increased the hardness to 4.4 *** Ac_(2)O pretreatment of Mg alloys enables the successful Al electroplating and subsequent heat treatment.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Surface modifi cation Electrodeposition Hardness Corrosion resistance

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Annealing,solvation,and mirror-plating effects in phosphonium chloroaluminate ionic liquids

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Nano Research 2023年第2期16卷 3348-3357页

The physicochemical properties of a specific ionic liquid(IL)are naturally considered to be constant at a given ***,a series of eutectic melts of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride([P6,6,6,14]Cl)with aluminum chloride(AlCl3)is an *** viscosity of Al_(2)Cl_(7)−-dominated[P6,6,6,14]Cl–AlCl_(3)ILs(i.e.,AlCl_(3)mole fraction x=0.60–0.67)gradually increased as a function of *** also influenced the ultraviolet–visible spectra,nuclear magnetic resonance spectra,and the glass transition temperature of the *** annealing-induced variations in physicochemical properties were not observed in the AlCl4−-and Cl−-dominated *** particular,the ionic conductivities of the ILs(x=0.60–0.67)were strongly decoupled from their viscosities during *** initio calculations revealed the bending of the long tetradecyl chains in[P6,6,6,14]+coupled with Al_(2)Cl_(7)−,while neither Cl−nor AlCl_(4)−caused *** general,[P6,6,6,14]+-based ILs are recognized as sponge-like structures that consist of nano-scale polar and non-polar *** propose a gradual structurization process in Al_(2)Cl_(7)−-dominated ILs to account for their unusual physicochemical ***,the addition of tetradecane,solvated in the non-polar domains of the ILs,substantially reduced the viscosity of the structured IL with x=*** Al electroplating is possible without a brightener,using the x=0.67 ILs,regardless of annealing or the admixture of tetradecane.

关键词： ionic liquid physicochemical property ab initio calculation electrodeposition

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Epidemiological impact of revoking mask-wearing recommendation on COVID-19 transmission in Tokyo,Japan

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1289-1300页

作者： Mayu Nagata Yuta Okada Hiroshi Nishiura kyoto University School of Public Health Yoshida-KonoeSakyoKyoto606-8601Japan

Despite the global implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures,the disease continues to maintain *** mask wearing became one of the key measures for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 early in the pandemic period,many countries have relaxed the mandatory or recommended wearing of *** objective of the present study was to estimate the epidemiological impact of removing the mask-wearing recommendation in *** developed a model to assess the consequences of declining mask-wearing coverage after the government revoked its recommendation in February *** declining mask-wearing coverage was estimated using serial cross-sectional data,and a mathematical model was devised to determine the age-specific incidence of COVID-19 using the observed case count in Tokyo from week of October 3,2022 to October 30,*** explored model-based counterfactual scenarios to measure hypothetical situations in which the mask-wearing coverage decreases or increases relative to the observed *** results show that mask-wearing coverage declined from 97%to 69%by the week of October 30,2023,and that if the mask-wearing recommendation had continued,427 lives could have been saved in *** the mask-wearing coverage had declined to 25%of the observed level,the model suggests there might have been 1587 additional ***,revoking the mask-wearing recommendation had a substantial epidemiological *** future pandemics,our proposed approach could provide a realtime quantification of the effects of relaxing countermeasures.

关键词： COVID-19 Mask wearing recommendation Health policy Counterfactual Mathematical model

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