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Comparative evaluation of the impact of GRAPES and MM5 meteorology on CMAQ prediction over Pearl River Delta, china

Particuology 2018年第5期16卷 88-97页

作者： Tao Deng Yiang Chen Qilin Wan Yanxia Zhang Xuejiao Deng Yanyan Huang Guangfeng Dai Fei Li Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510080China key laboratory of meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationJoint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersKey Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University olin formation Science &TechnologyNanjing210044China

The community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was used to forecast air quality over the Pearl River Delta region from December 2013 to January *** pollution forecasting performance of CMAQ coupled with two different meteorological models,i.e.,the global/regional assimilation and prediction system (GRAPES) and the fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5),was assessed by comparison with observational *** effects of meteorological factors and physicochemical processes on the forecast results were discussed through process *** results showed that both models exhibited good performance but that of GRAPES-CMAQ was *** was superior in predicting the overall variation tendencies of meteorological fields,but it showed large deviations in atmospheric pressure and wind *** contributed to the higher correlation coefficients of the pollutants with GRAPES-CMAQ but with greater *** underestimations of nitrate and ammonium salt contributed to the underestimations of both particulate matter and extinction *** emissions made the only positive contributions to surface layer SO2,CO,and *** was found that O3 originated primarily from horizontal and vertical transport and that its consumption was predominantly via chemical ***,NO2 was found derived primarily from chemical production.

关键词： Air quality Numerical simulation Global/regional assimilation and prediction system (GRAPES) Community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) Process analysis

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STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IWC AND Z FOR NONSPHERICAL ICE PARTICLES AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTH

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2016年第S1期22卷 78-88页

作者：王金虎葛俊祥魏鸣顾松山杨泽鑫 Jiangsu key laboratory of meteorological Observation and Information Processing Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology key laboratory for aerosol-cloud-precipitation of china meteorological administration Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Ice water content(IWC) plays important roles in weather and climate *** the IWCs of cirrus clouds with millimeter-wavelength radar can be problematic due to influences of ice particle rotation on their backscattering cross *** here introduce models to describe the radiation patterns of six nonspherical particles of specific *** using HFSS software were applied to describe the differences resulting from different orientations and equivalent spheres.A double exponential function was used for fitting to describe the relationship between the particles' maximum sizes and backscattering cross *** backscattering cross sections of nonspherical ice particles were computed by the method of moment,and those of the equivalent spherical particles were computed by Lorenz-Mie theory for three different orientations:fixed,horizontal,and *** that a mixture of nonspherical ice particles follows the B-H mixing model,the size distribution of cirrus particles obeys the exponential distribution measured by NASA in *** computing the IWCs of cirrus clouds,which follows the above mentioned B-H model and exponential distribution,the radar reflectivity factors of nonspherical ice particles and equivalent spheres at three different orientations can be ***,the IWC results can be acquired by inputting the radar reflectivity variables into the well-known IWC-Z *** analysis described here demonstrates that when using the radar reflectivity Z,the orientation must be considered in order to determine the *** equivalent sphere theory,the derived IWCs underestimate the actual *** results are important for accurately retrieving the microphysical parameters of cirrus clouds.

关键词： method of moment ice particles radar reflectivity factor ice water content

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Tracking a Severe Pollution Event in Beijing in December 2016 with the GRAPES–CUACE Adjoint Model

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Journal of meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 49-59页

作者： Chao WANG Xingqin AN Shixian ZHAI Zhaobin SUN Institute of Atmospheric Composition Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 State key laboratory of Severe Weather、key laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of china meteorological administration Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 key laboratory for aerosol-cloud-precipitation of china meteorological administration Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089

We traced the adjoint sensitivity of a severe pollution event in December 2016 in Beijing using the adjoint model of the GRAPES–CUACE（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System coupled with the china meteorological administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environmental Forecasting System）. The key emission sources and periods affecting this severe pollution event are analyzed. For comaprison, we define 2000 Beijing Time 3 December 2016 as the objective time when PM2.5 reached the maximum concentration in Beijing. It is found that the local hourly sensitivity coefficient amounts to a peak of 9.31 μg m^–3 just 1 h before the objective time, suggesting that PM2.5 concentration responds rapidly to local emissions. The accumulated sensitivity coefficient in Beijing is large during the 20-h period prior to the objective time, showing that local emissions are the most important in this *** accumulated contribution rates of emissions from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Shanxi are 34.2%, 3.0%, 49.4%,and 13.4%, respectively, in the 72-h period before the objective time. The evolution of hourly sensitivity coefficient shows that the main contribution from the Tianjin source occurs 1–26 h before the objective time and its peak hourly contribution is 0.59 μg m^-3 at 4 h before the objective time. The main contributions of the Hebei and Shanxi emission sources occur 1–54 and 14–53 h, respectively, before the objective time and their hourly sensitivity coefficients both show periodic fluctuations. The Hebei source shows three sensitivity coefficient peaks of 3.45, 4.27, and 0.71 μg m^–3 at 4, 16, and 38 h before the objective time, respectively. The sensitivity coefficient of the Shanxi source peaks twice, with values of 1.41 and 0.64 μg m^–3 at 24 and 45 h before the objective time, respectively. Overall, the adjoint model is effective in tracking the crucial sources and key periods of emissions for the severe pollution event.

关键词： GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model winter heavy pollution pollution source adjoint tracking sensitivity analysis Beijing

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One-Dimensional Variational Retrieval of Temperature and Humidity Profiles from the FY4A GIIRS

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第3期39卷 471-486页

作者： Qiumeng XUE Li GUAN Xiaoning SHI Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706USA

A physical retrieval approach based on the one-dimensional variational(1 D-Var) algorithm is applied in this paper to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under both clear-sky and partly cloudy conditions from FY-4 A GIIRS(geostationary interferometric infrared sounder) observations. Radiosonde observations from upper-air stations in china and level-2 operational products from the Chinese National Satellite meteorological Center(NSMC)during the periods from December 2019 to January 2020(winter) and from July 2020 to August 2020(summer) are used to validate the accuracies of the retrieved temperature and humidity profiles. Comparing the 1 D-Var-retrieved profiles to radiosonde data, the accuracy of the temperature retrievals at each vertical level of the troposphere is characterized by a root mean square error(RMSE) within 2 K, except for at the bottom level of the atmosphere under clear conditions. The RMSE increases slightly for the higher atmospheric layers, owing to the lack of temperature sounding channels *** partly cloudy conditions, the temperature at each vertical level can be obtained, while the level-2 operational products obtain values only at altitudes above the cloud top. In addition, the accuracy of the retrieved temperature profiles is greatly improved compared with the accuracies of the operational products. For the humidity retrievals, the mean RMSEs in the troposphere in winter and summer are both within 2 g kg^(–1). Moreover, the retrievals performed better compared with the ERA5 reanalysis data between 800 h Pa and 300 h Pa both in summer and winter in terms of RMSE.

关键词： temperature and humidity profiles one-dimensional variational(1D-Var) GIIRS hyperspectral data

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High-precision temperature retrieval algorithm and verification for mesospheric airglow spectrum photometer

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1639-1651页

作者： Shuqi NIU Haiyang GAO Zhaoai YAN Ke REN Leilei KOU Baichuan JIANG Lingbin BU key open laboratory of aerosol and cloud precipitation of china meteorological administration Nanjing 210044China School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Photometric technology,characterized by its compact structure and relatively high stability,finds wide application in measuring airglow *** instrumentation is anticipated to assume a pivotal role as the primary equipment for extensive network observations of middle and upper atmospheric temperatures in china,thereby providing crucial support for space environmental monitoring and atmospheric dynamic ***,susceptibility to various factors such as instrument inconsistency,variability in observation conditions,and alterations in the background atmospheric environment across different stations poses a challenge,potentially resulting in data inconsistencies in network *** response to these challenges,we propose a multiple-parameter iterative inversion(MPII)algorithm for temperature retrieval based on a mesospheric airglow spectrum photometer(MASP)developed by our research *** algorithm accurately identifies the center of the image circle,corrects image distortion,and thereby obtains an accurate synthetic spectrum reflective of actual *** encompasses five adjustable parameters:sky background light,atmospheric temperature,filter temperature,optical system focal length,and degree of synthetic spectrum *** to traditional methods,significant enhancements in the accuracy of the inverted temperature are *** validate the effectiveness of the MPII algorithm,we conducted combined active and passive remote sensing synchronous measurements using MASP in conjunction with a sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar developed by the National Space Science *** utilizing the lidar temperature as a reference,atmospheric background radiation is mitigated from the MASP data,and the temperature is inverted using the MPII *** analysis with the traditional method reveals that temperatures calculated by the MPII algorithm exhibit better consistency than those observed by the lidar.

关键词： Temperature inversion Airglow spectrum photometer Rotational spectral lines Sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar Comparative observations

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Relationship between Lightning Activity and Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide and the Estimation of Lightning-produced Nitrogen Oxides over china

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第2期34卷 235-245页

作者： Fengxia GUO Xiaoyu JU Min BAO Ganyi LU Zupei LIU Yawen LI Yijun MU key laboratory of meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Anhui meteorological Disaster Prevention Center Anhui 230061China

To better understand the relationship between lightning activity and nitrogen oxides （NOx） in the troposphere and to estimate lightning-produced NOx （LNOx） production in china more precisely, spatial and temporal distributions of vertical column densities of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide （NO2 VCDs） and lightning activity were analyzed using satellite measure- ments. The results showed that the spatial distribution of lightning activity is greater in the east than in the west of china, as with NO2 VCDs. However, the seasonal and annual variation between lightning and NO2 density show different trends in the east and west. The central Tibetan Plateau is sparsely populated without modem industry, and NO2 VCDs across the plateau are barely affected by anthropogenic sources. The plateau is an ideal area to study LNOx. By analyzing 15 years of satellite data from that region, it was found that lightning density is in strong agreement with annual, spatial and seasonal variations of NO2 VCDs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.79 from the linear fit. Combining Beirle＇s method and the linear fit equation, LNOx production in the Chinese interior was determined to be 0.07 （0.02-0.27） TgN yr-1 for 1997-2012, within the range of 0.016-0.384 TgN yr-1 from previous estimates.

关键词： lightning tropospheric NO2 LNOx

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Occurrence conditions of positive cloud-to-ground flashes in severe thunderstorms

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Science china Earth Sciences 2016年第7期59卷 1401-1413页

作者： GUO Feng Xia LU Gan Yi WU Xin WANG Hao Liang LIU Zu Pei BAO Min LI Ya Wen key laboratory of meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology key laboratory for aerosol-cloud-precipitation of china meteorological administration Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

The purpose of this study was to understand the reasons why frequent positive cloud-to-ground(+CG) flashes occur in severe thunderstorms. A three-dimensional dynamics-electrification coupled model was used to simulate a severe thunderstorm to permit analysis of the conditions that might easily cause +CG flashes. The results showed that strong updrafts play an important role in the occurrence of intracloud flashes. However, frequent +CG flashes require not only strong updrafts but also strong downdrafts in the lower cloud region, conditions that correspond to the later phase of the mature stage and the period of the heaviest solid precipitation of a thunderstorm. During this stage, strong updrafts elevated each charge area in the updraft region to a higher level, which resulted in an inverted tripole charge structure. A wide mid-level region of strong positive charge caused largely by positively charged graupel, presented in the middle of the updraft region because of a non-inductive ice-ice collisional charging mechanism. The charge structure in the downdraft region was consistently more complex and revealed several vertically stacked charge regions, alternating in polarity. Much of the graupel/hail outside the updrafts was lowered to cloud-base by strong downdrafts. In this area, the graupel/hail was charged negatively because of the transportation of negatively charged graupel/hail from higher regions of negative charge in the updrafts, and via the inductive charging mechanism of collisions between graupel/hail and cloud droplets at the bottom of the cloud. Consequently, a large region of negative charge formed near the ground. This meant that +CG flashes were initiated more easily in the lower inverted dipole, i.e., the middle region of positive charge and lower region of negative charge. Frequent +CG flashes began almost synchronously with dramatic increases in the storm updrafts, hail volume, and total flash rate. Therefore, the occurrence of +CG flashes appear

关键词： Severe thunderstorm +CG flash Updraft Downdraft Graupel Hail Charge structure

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Impact of Atmospheric Transmittance and NLTE Correction on Simulation of High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder onboard FY-3E

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Journal of meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 225-234页

作者： Chenggege FANG Peiming DONG Yang HAN Wanlin KAN Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Donghai laboratory Zhoushan 316021 State key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 key laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of china meteorological administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041

With the launch of the first civilian early-morning orbit satellite Fengyun-3E(FY-3E),higher demands are placed on the accuracy of radiative transfer simulations for hyperspectral infrared ***,several key issues are investigated in the ***,the accuracy of the fast atmospheric transmittance model implemented in the Advanced Research and Modeling System(ARMS)has been evaluated with both the line-by-line radiative transfer model(LBLRTM)and the actual satellite *** results indicate that the biases are generally less than 0.25 K when compared to the LBLRTM,while below 1.0 K for the majority of the channels when compared to the ***,during both comparisons,significant biases are observed in certain *** accuracy of Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard FY-3E is comparable to,and even superior to that of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder(CrIS)onboard ***,apodization is a crucial step in the processing of hyperspectral data in that the apodization function is utilized as the instrument channel spectral response function to produce the satellite channel-averaged *** further explore the difference between the apodized and unapodized simulations,Sinc function is adopted in the fast transmittance *** is found that the use of Sinc function can make the simulations fit the original satellite observations *** simulating with apodized observations,the use of Sinc function exhibits larger deviations compared to the Hamming ***,a correction module is applied to minimize the impact of Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium(NLTE)in the shortwave infrared *** is verified that the implementation of the NLTE correction model leads to a significant reduction in the bias between the simulation and observation for this band.

关键词： high spectral infrared sounding atmospheric transmittance apodization Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Fengyun-3E(FY-3E)

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Variability of Raindrop Size Distribution during a Regional Freezing Rain Event in the Jianghan Plain of Central china

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 725-742,I0015-I0018页

作者： Jingjing LÜ Yue ZHOU Zhikang FU Chunsong LU Qin HUANG Jing SUN Yue ZHAO Shengjie NIU key laboratory for aerosol-cloud-precipitation of china meteorological administration Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Hubei key laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 430205China Department of Physics University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand

The characteristics of the raindrop size distribution(DSD)during regional freezing rain(FR)events that occur throughout the phase change(from liquid to solid)are poorly understood due to limited *** investigate the evolution of microphysical parameters and the key formation mechanisms of regional FR using the DSDs from five disdrometer sites in January 2018 in the Jianghan Plain(JHP)of Central *** is identified via the size and velocity distribution measured from a disdrometer,the discrete Fréchet distancemethod,surface temperature,human observations,and sounding *** the persistence of precipitation,the emergence of graupel or snowflakes significantly reduces the proportion of *** enhancement of this regional FR event is mainly dominated by the increase in the number concentration of raindrops but weakly affected by the *** improve the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation for the FR event,a modified second-degree polynomial relation between the shapeμand slopeΛof gamma DSDs is derived,and a new Z-R(radar reflectivity to rain rate)relationship is *** mean values of mass-weighted mean diameters(D_(m))and generalized intercepts(lgN_(w))in FR are close to the stratiform results in the northern region of *** the melting of tiny-rimed graupels and large-dry snowflakes are a response to the formation of this regional FR process in the JHP,dominated by the joint influence of the physical mechanism of warm rain,vapor deposition,and aggregation/riming coupled with the effect of weak convective motion in some periods.

关键词： freezing rain raindrop size distribution hydrometeor type classification microphysical characteristics lgNw-Dm distribution Jianghan Plain

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Statistical Characteristics of Environmental Parameters for Warm Season Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall over Central and Eastern china

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Journal of meteorological Research 2015年第3期29卷 370-384页

作者：田付友郑永光张涛张小玲毛冬艳孙建华赵思雄 key laboratory of cloud-precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration

Water vapor content, instability, and convergence conditions are the key to short-duration heavy rainfall forecasting. It is necessary to understand the large-scale atmospheric environment characteristics of short- duration heavy rainfall by investigating the distribution of physical parameters for different hourly rainfall intensities. The observed hourly rainfall data in china and the NCEP final analysis （FNL） data during 1 May and 30 September from 2002 to 2009 are used. NCEP FNL data are 6-hourly, resulting in sample sizes of 1573370, 355346, and 11401 for three categories of hourly rainfall （P） of no precipitation （P 〈 0.1 mm h-1）, ordinary precipitation （0.1≤ P 〈 20 mm h-1）, and short-duration heavy rainfall （P ≥ 20.0 mm h-1）, respectively, by adopting a temporal matching method. The results show that the total precipitable water （PWAT） is the best parameter indicating the hourly rainfall intensity. A PWAT of 28 mm is necessary for any short-duration heavy rainfall. The possibility of short-duration heavy rainfall occurrence increases with PWAT, and a PWAT of 59 mm is nearly sufficient. The specific humidity is a better indicator than relative humidity. Both 700- and 850-hPa relative humidity greater than 80% could be used to determine whether or not it is going to rain, but could not be used to estimate the rainfall intensity. Temperature and potential pseudo-equivalent temperature are also reasonable indicators of short-duration heavy rainfall. Among the atmospheric instability parameters, the best lifted index （BLI） performs best on the short- duration rainfall discrimination; the next best is the K index （KI）. The three rainfall categories are not well recognized by total totals （TT） or the temperature difference between 850 and 500 hPa （DT85）. Three- quarters of short-duration heavy rainfall occurred with BLI less than -0.9, while no short-duration heavy rainfall occurred when BLI was greater than 2.6. The minimum threshold of KI was 28.1 for short-durati

关键词： short-duration heavy rainfall parameter statistic characteristics atmosphere environment

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