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Optimal Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Toxoplasmic Encephalitis:A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study in China

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Infectious diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 4-9页

作者： Yao Li Haidong Jiang Yanming Zeng Yanqiu Lu Siyuan Chen Yulin Zhang Zhongsheng Jiang Tongtong Yang Shuiqing Liu Yaokai Chen Department of Infectious diseases Chongqing Public Health Medical CenterChongqing 400036China Center for Infectious diseases Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Infectious diseases Liuzhou People's HospitalLiuzhou 545006GuangxiChina Department of Infectious disease The Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengdu 610066SichuanChina Department of Infectious disease Guiyang Public Health Clinical CenterGuiyang 550004GuizhouChina

Background:Toxoplasmic encephalitis(TE)is the most frequent cause of expansive brain lesions among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).However,the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy(ART)initiation in these patients remains *** study aims to investigate the differences in outcomes of ART initiation at different times,in order to help clarify the treatment timing of AIDS-associated ***:This multicenter prospective observational study included 87 patients recruited from 11 research centers in China(from March 2019 to December 2022).Of the patients,38 were assigned to the early ART group(initiating ART within 2 weeks after anti-Toxoplasma treatment initiation),and the remaining 49 patients received deferred ART(initiating ART at least 2 weeks after anti-Toxoplasma treatment initiation).The main outcomes includedmortality and emergence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome(IRIS).Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 viral load and CD4^(+)T-cell counts at weeks 24 and 48 were ***:The number of deaths(1 vs.5,P=0.225)and incidence of IRIS(2.6%vs.0,P=0.437)were not significantly different between the early and deferred ART groups at week *** ART initiation did not contribute significantly to HIV-1 viral load control(<50 copies/mL,n=8 vs.n=3 at week 24,P=0.142;n=7 vs.n=7 atweek 48,P=1.000).The median CD4^(+)T-cell counts between the two groups were not significantly different,either at week 24(155 vs.91 cells/mm^(3),P=0.837)or atweek 48(181 vs.146 cells/mm^(3),P=0.219).Conclusion:In patients with AIDS-associated TE,early ART initiation was not significantly different from deferred ART initiation in terms of incidence of mortality,IRIS,and HIV virological and immunological *** registration:This study was registered(registration number:ChiCTR1900021195)as one of 12 clinical trials under the title of a general project at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(***)on February 1,***

关键词： HIV Toxoplasma gondii Timing of antiretroviral therapy Virological outcome Immunological response

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Cryptosporidiosis threat under climate change in China:prediction and validation of habitat suitability and outbreak risk for human-derived Cryptosporidium based on ecological niche models

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 72-86页

作者： Xu Wang Yanyan Jiang Weiping Wu Xiaozhou He Zhenghuan Wang Yayi Guan Ning Xu Qilu Chen Yujuan Shen Jianping Cao national Institute of parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)、Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyNational Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China、World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesShanghai200025China national Institute for Viral disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing102206China School of Life Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China key laboratory of Public health Safety Fudan UniversityMinistry of EducationFudan University Center for Tropical Disease ResearchFudan University School of Public HealthShanghai200031China The School of Global health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China

Background Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic intestinal infectious disease caused by Cryptosporidium spp.,and its transmission is highly influenced by climate *** the present study,the potential spatial distribution of Cryptosporidium in China was predicted based on ecological niche models for cryptosporidiosis epidemic risk warning and prevention and *** The applicability of existing Cryptosporidium presence points in ENM analysis was investigated based on data from monitoring sites in 2011–*** occurrence data for China and neighboring countries were extracted and used to construct the ENMs,namely Maxent,Bioclim,Domain,and *** were evaluated based on Receiver Operating Characteristic curve,Kappa,and True Skill Statistic *** best model was constructed using Cryptosporidium data and climate variables during 1986‒2010,and used to analyze the effects of climate factors on Cryptosporidium *** climate variables for the period 2011‒2100 were projected to the simulation results to predict the ecological adaptability and potential distribution of Cryptosporidium in future in *** The Maxent model(AUC=0.95,maximum Kappa=0.91,maximum TSS=1.00)fit better than the other three models and was thus considered the best ENM for predicting Cryptosporidium habitat *** major suitable habitats for human-derived Cryptosporidium in China were located in some high-population density areas,especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and the Huai and the Pearl River Basins(cloglog value of habitat suitability>0.9).Under future climate change,non-suitable habitats for Cryptosporidium will shrink,while highly suitable habitats will expand significantly(χ^(2)=76.641,P<0.01;χ^(2)=86.836,P<0.01),and the main changes will likely be concentrated in the northeastern,southwestern,and northwestern *** The Maxent model is applicable in predic

关键词： Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidiosis Ecological niche models Climate change One health Maxent

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Evolution of HIV/AIDS prevention and control Policies in China:A Grounded Theory Approach

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China CDC weekly 2024年第1期6卷 12-22页

作者： Huang Li Rui Gao Chichen Zhang School of Public health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina School of health Management Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina key laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of health Management Policy and Precision health Service Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Graduate School Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou CityJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Political Science and Public Administration Soochow UniversitySuzhou CityJiangsu ProvinceChina

Objective:This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the development and practical application of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)prevention and control policy systems in China by scrutinizing,analyzing,and synthesizing the evolution of Chinese policies in this ***:Utilizing grounded theory,we employed NVivo12 software to perform text content analysis,mining,and coding classification,along with visualization techniques,on policy texts sourced from Chinese government platforms,including the official website of China’s State *** considered four analytical dimensions—time,subject,type,and ***:The national health commission and the State Council emerged as the primary entities engaged in policymaking for HIV/AIDS in *** identified four distinct stages in the evolution of these policies,culminating in a novel‘sun-shaped’HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy network model with an emphasis on‘knowledge,attitude,and practice’at its nucleus,which aligns with national conditions and societal ***,the focal groups of these policies have been dynamically refined and updated over ***:Our findings introduce a‘sunshaped’HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy network model specific to *** observed a conceptual policy shift towards prioritizing overall human health rather than confining the focus to disease ***,in light of China’s growing elderly population,the imperative to address HIV/AIDS prevention and control among older adults is an issue that warrants increased attention.

关键词： prevention HIV/AIDS policy

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The recombinant truncated envelope protein of West Nile virus adjuvanted with Alum/CpG induces potent humoral and T cell immunity in mice

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Biosafety and health 2023年第5期5卷 300-307页

作者： Yongping Du Yao Deng Ying Zhan Ren Yang Jiao Ren Wen Wang Baoying Huang Wenjie Tan School of laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China national health commission(NHC)key laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

West Nile virus(WNV)is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus distributed globally for decades and can cause disease in humans and *** far,no WNV vaccine has been licensed for human ***,the development of novel candidate vaccines and the improvement of vaccination strategies is *** the WNV envelope(E)glycoprotein plays an important role in mediating viral binding to cellular receptors and virus-cell membrane fusion,it is a critical target for the host humoral ***,we prepared a recombinant truncated envelope protein of WNV(rWNV-80E)and developed a WNV subunit vaccine formulation with a combination of aluminum hydroxide(alum)and a synthetic oligonucleotide CpG as adjuvants.C57BL/6 mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at 28-day intervals with 5μg purified rWNV-80E adjuvanted with Alum/*** E-specific IgG was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)was detected using single-round infectious particles of ***,T cell immunity was detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining ***,rWNV-80E was highly immunogenic and elicited potent humoral and cell immunity,as evidenced by significant levels of IFN-γ and TNF-αsecretion in the T cells of *** summary,the Alum/CpG-adjuvanted rWNV-80E subunit vaccine elicited potent and balanced B-and T-cell immunity in mice,and therefore it is a promising candidate vaccine that warrants further investigation for use in human or veterinary applications.

关键词： West Nile virus Envelope protein Vaccine Alum/CpG adjuvant Immunity

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Genetic characterizations and molecular epidemiology of human echovirus 30 isolated from Ningxia,China

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Biosafety and health 2023年第6期5卷 346-354页

作者： Fang Yuan Xinfeng Wei Xueping Ma Jiangtao Ma Xuemin Ma Xiaoqiang Sun Min Cao Juan Zhou Wei Zhang Hui Chen Rui Wang Jichen Li Qiang Sun Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for disease control and prevention Yinchuan 750004China Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital Yinchuan 750021China national laboratory for Poliomyelitis WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference LaboratoryNational Key Laboratory for TraceabilityEarly Warning and Intlligent Decision of Infectious DiseasesNational Health Commission Key Laboratory for BiosafetyNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

In October 2017,a small outbreak of echovirus 30(E30)associated with aseptic meningitis in nine cases occurred at a primary school in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous *** year,we observed a significant increase in E30 levels in an acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)case surveillance *** investigate their phylogenetic relationships,we determined the whole genomic sequences of 12 strains isolated from aseptic meningitis cases,AFP cases,and healthy *** found that the E30 strains circulating in Ningxia belong to two lineages(H and J).The strains isolated in 2010,2012,and 2016 belonged to the H *** 2017,a new lineage,J,emerged as the dominant *** trees were constructed based on the whole genome andP1,P2,andP3 regions;clustering with other types of enterovirus species B was found,suggesting that recombination events had *** recombination sites were mainly in regions2B,2C,*** study confirmed that the E30 strains in Ningxia in 2010,2012,and 2016 had different recombination patterns and were recombined with different *** 2017 epidemic E30 originated from another new lineage with a complex recombination pattern and formed an independent transmission chain in Ningxia.

关键词： Echovirus 30(E30) Complete genome sequence Molecular epidemiology

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Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants and T Lymphocyte Change after Vaccine Breakthrough Infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant in Tianjin, China: A Prospective Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第7期36卷 614-624页

作者： ZHANG Ying QU Jiang Wen ZHENG Min Na DING Ya Xing CHEN Wei YE Shao Dong LI Xiao Yan LI Yan Kun LIU Ying ZHU Di JIN Can Rui WANG LIN YANG Jin Ye ZHAI Yu WANG Er Qiang MENG Xing Tianjin Center for disease control and prevention Tianjin 300011China Tianjin key laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious disease Tianjin 300011China national Center for AIDS/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Sinovac Biotech Ltd Beijing 100085China

Objective To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity *** Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infected patients and 124 controls matched for age,gender,and vaccination *** virus-neutralizing antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 variants,including WT,Gamma,Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,and T-lymphocyte lymphocyte counts in both groups were measured and statistically *** The neutralizing antibody titers against five different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly increased in the vaccinated population infected with the Omicron BA.1 variant at 3 months after infection,but mainly increased the antibody level against the WT strain,and the antibody against the Omicron strain was the *** neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly 6 months after *** T-lymphocyte cell counts of patients with mild and moderate disease recovered at 3 months and completely returned to the normal state at 6 *** Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection mainly evoked humoral immune memory in the original strain after vaccination and hardly produced neutralizing antibodies specific to Omicron *** antibodies against the different strains declined rapidly and showed features similar to those of ***,T-lymphocytes may play an important role in recovery.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Omicron BA.1 T cells Neutralizing antibodies

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Three Cases Infected with Avian Influenza A(H5N6)Virus-Chongqing Municipality,China,January-September,2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第1期4卷 11-16页

作者： Kun Su Zhen Yu Yu Lan Ju Wang Shuang Chen Li Qi Yaokai Chen Yun Tang Yu Xiong Zhangping Tan Mingyue Wang Sheng Ye Dayan Wang Hua Ling William JLiu Xiaoni Zhong Qin Li Wenge Tang Chongqing Municipal Center for disease control and prevention ChongqingChina College of Public health and Management Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Chongqing Public health Medical Center ChongqingChina Chongqing Municipal key laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes ChongqingChina NHC key laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The World health Organization(WHO)has reported a total of 48 cases by October 15,*** continuous genomic reassortments of H5N6 and other subtype avian influenza viruses(AIVs)pose a long-term threat to public health and the poultry *** is added by this report?Three new cases of H5N6 that occurred from January to September 2021 in Chongqing Municipality,China were reported in this *** information of the three cases showed raising poultry and visiting live poultry market contributed to these infections,and there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission of H5N6 currently but a potential spatial *** increase of H5N6 cases was recorded in the *** are the implications for public health practice?In case of unexplained pneumonia or severe respiratory infection,the patients’epidemiological history of contact with poultry or live poultry markets(LPMs)may be an important interrogation to help *** and long-term surveillance of avian influenza viruses in LPMs is essential.

关键词： Chongqing poultry H5N6

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The First Detection of Echinococcus Granulosus DNA in Residents’Hands,Dogs’Hair,and Soil in Highly Endemic Region of Echinococcosis-Naqu City,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2022年第44期4卷 982-985页

作者： Baixue Liu Chuizhao Xue Xu Wang Wenting Wu Shuai Han Weiping Wu national Institute of parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina Institute for Infectious disease and Endemic disease control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease that predominantly infects humans;domestic animals like cattle or sheep;as well as wild animals such as small *** date,there is a lack of comprehensive information about all potential environmental transmission routes for *** is added by this report?This study assesses the importance of under-researched environmental factors for the transmission of *** concludes that hand hygiene is an important factor in the robust environmental transmission of Echinococcus *** are the implications for public health practice?This study suggests that residents are at risk of catching echinococcosis through hand-oral transmission *** education given to local residents is thus a key intervention,as well as avoiding close contact with dogs and ensuring proper hand-washing practices are followed.

关键词： residents Highly education

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Molecular Identification and Genetic Characterization of Public health Threatening Ticks — Chongming Island, China, 2021–2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第37期5卷 815-821,I0001-I0008页

作者： Siwei Fei Hanqing Zhao Jingxian Yin Li Wang Zhishan Sun Wenge Zhang Yan Zhang Ke Dong Shan Lyu Xiaokui Guo Xiao-nong Zhou Kokouvi Kassegne School of Global health Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Shanghai Chongming Centre for disease control and prevention ShanghaiChina national health commission of the People’s Republic of China(NHC)key laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Centre for Tropical Diseases ResearchWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases of the Chinese Ministry of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Although ticks and tick-borne diseases are prevalent throughout China,there remains a knowledge gap regarding their biology and potential risk of distribution to human and animal populations on Chongming *** island,being China’s third largest and a crucial component in the ecological preservation of the Yangtze Delta region,has yet to be comprehensively studied in this context.

关键词： Island Yangtze Chong

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An adjusted ELISpot-based immunoassay for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses

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Biosafety and health 2022年第3期4卷 179-185页

作者： Hao Lin Jie Zhang Shaobo Dong Yaning Liu Peipei Liu George F.Gao William J.Liu Guizhen Wu national health commission key laboratory of Biosafety Research Units of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging VirusesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Beijing 102206China Macheng Center for disease control and prevention Huanggang 438300China Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China

Like antibody evaluation,using an effective antigen‐specific T‐cell immunity assessment method in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)patients,survivors and vaccinees is crucial for understanding the immune persistence,prognosis assessment,and vaccine development for COVID‐*** study evaluated an empirically adjusted enzyme‐linked immunospot assay for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific T‐cell immunity in 175 peripheral blood samples from COVID‐19 convalescents and healthy *** of viral nucleic acid were used as the gold standard of infection *** SARS‐CoV‐2M peptide pool had higher sensitivity of 85%and specificity of 71%for the single peptide *** combined peptide pools,the parallel evaluation(at least one of the peptide pools is positive)of total peptide pools(S1&S2&M&N)had higher sensitivity(up to 93%),and the serial evaluation(all peptide pools are positive)of total peptide pools had higher specificity(up to 100%).The result of the serial evaluation was better than that of the parallel evaluation as a *** detection efficiency of M and N peptide pool serial evaluation appeared the highest,with a sensitivity of 80%and specificity of 93%.This T‐cell immunity detection assay introduced in this report can achieve high operability and ***,it can be an effective SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cellular immune function evaluation method.

关键词： SARS‐CoV‐2 COVID‐19 T‐cell response ELISpot assay Sensitivity Specificity

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