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Relationships Between Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Organically Grown Rice Varieties

Pedosphere 2016年第1期26卷 85-97页

作者： HUANG Lifen YU Jun YANG Jie ZHANG Rong BAI Yanchao SUN Chengming ZHUANG Hengyang Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Yangzhou University co-innovation center for modern production technology of grain crops Yangzhou University college of Agronomy Yangzhou University college of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University

Due to the relatively late start of organic rice(Oryza sativa L.) research in China,there is a still lack of systematic research on rice varieties,organic fertilizer management practices,and especially the mechanisms of nitrogen(N) uptake and *** rice varieties,Nanjing 5055,Nanjing 9108,and Nanjing 46,were grown under organic farming(OF) at three organic fertilizer levels(103.2,160.8,and 218.4 kg N ha^(-1)) and conventional farming(CF) with regular chemical *** grain yields,yield components,and quality,dry matter accumulation,and plant N were measured at different growth stages during the 2012 and 2013 growing *** with CF,OF had a significantly reduced *** 9108 showed significant reductions in number of panicles per unit area and percentage of filled grains,and had the lowest *** effects of fertilizer type and application rate on dry matter accumulation during the main growth periods were significant for all *** N content and uptake in organically grown rice were lower compared with those of rice under *** N recovery efficiency and N agronomic efficiency were significantly lower,whereas N physiological efficiency and N partial factor productivity were greater under OF than under *** OF,the processing quality showed a slight but insignificant decline,protein content and gel consistency increased,and amylose content decreased compared with those under *** analysis showed that under OF,grain yield was significantly correlated with N *** medium organic fertilizer level(160.8 kg N ha^(-1)) was found to be the optimum fertilizer treatment,and Nanjing 46 appeared to be the best variety for organic rice *** increase rice grain yields and reduce the potential risk of non-point source pollution in organic agriculture,further research is needed to improve the N use efficiency in organic rice cultivation.

关键词： conventional farming grain quality grain yield N use efficiency organic farming organic fertilizer

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Effect of irrigation regime on grain yield,water productivity,and methane emissions in dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds with wheat straw incorporation

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The crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 495-508页

作者： Zhiqin Wang Daojian Gu Sarah S.Beebout Hao Zhang Lijun Liu Jianchang Yang Jianhua Zhang Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University

Dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds is becoming an important practice in the wheat–rice rotation system in ***,little information has been available on the effect of various irrigation regimes on grain yield,water productivity(WP),nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and greenhouse gas emission in this *** study investigated the question using two rice cultivars in 2015 and 2016 grown in soil with wheat straw incorporated into *** seeds were directly seeded into raised beds,which were maintained under aerobic conditions during the early seedling *** irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF),alternate wetting and drying(AWD),and furrow irrigation(FI),were applied from 4.5-leaf-stage to *** with CF,both AWD and FI significantly increased grain yield,WP,and internal NUE,with greater increases under the FI *** two cultivars showed the same tendency in both *** AWD and FI markedly increased soil redox potential,root and shoot biomass,root oxidation activity,leaf photosynthetic NUE,and harvest index and markedly decreased global warming potential,owing to substantial reduction in seasonalThe results demonstrate that adoption of either AWD or FI could increase grain yield and resource-use efficiency and reduce environmental risks in dry direct-seeded rice grown on raised beds with wheat straw incorporation in the wheat–rice rotation system.

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Dry direct-seeding Alternate wetting and drying Furrow irrigation Water productivity Methane emission

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Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第2期2卷 115-123页

作者： Jianchang YANG Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/co-innovation center for modern production technology of grain crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

This article discusses approaches to simultaneously increase grain yield and resource use efficiency in *** nitrogen efficient cultivars without sacrificing rice yield potential,improving grain fill in laterflowering inferior spikelets and enhancing harvest index are three important approaches to achieving the dual goal of high grain yield and high resource use *** root distribution and higher leaf photosynthetic N use efficiency at lower N rates could be used as selection criteria to develop N-efficient *** sink activity through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio at the heading time and enhancing the conversion efficiency from sucrose to starch though increasing the ratio of abscisic acid to ethylene in grains during grain fill could effectively improve grain fill in inferior *** practices,such as post-anthesis controlled soil drying,an alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime during the whole growing season,and non-flooded straw mulching cultivation,could substantially increase grain yield and water use efficiency,mainly via enhanced remobilization of stored carbon from vegetative tissues to grains and improved harvest *** research is needed to understand synergistic interaction between water and N on crop and soil and the mechanism underlying high resource use efficiency in high-yielding rice.

关键词： rice nitrogen-efficient cultivar grain fill harvest index nitrogen use efficiency water use efficiency

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The Effect of Organ Temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第11期92卷 2999-3019页

作者： Ziwei Li Lifen Huang Zhongyang Huo Min Jiang Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/Jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu co-innovation center for modern production technology of grain crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice,and affects the yield of rice plants to a great *** correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is *** stability and universality of these correlations must be *** conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments(high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days).We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using a high-precision infrared thermal *** showed that the optimal observation period for the rice canopy temperature was 13:*** the rice variety did not significantly impact the canopy or organ temperature(p>0.05),the different organs and canopy exhibited significantly different temperatures(pcorrelations between the leaf,stem,panicle,canopy–air temperature differences and seed setting rate,theoretical and actual yields were the strongest during the milk *** them,the correlation coefficient betweenΔT_(s) and theoretical and actual yields was the highest,the relationship between theoretical yield(Y)andΔT_(s)(X)was Y=−5.6965X+27.778,R^(2)=*** withΔT_(l),ΔT_(p) andΔTc,ΔT_(s) was closely related to the main traits of plants.ΔT_(s) could better reflect the growth characteristics of rice thanΔT_(c),such as dry matter accumulation(r=−0.931),SPAD(r=0.699),N concentration(r=0.714),transpiration rate(r=−0.722).In conclusion,stem temperature was more important indicator than canopy *** temperature is a better screening index for rice breeding and cultivation management in the future.

关键词： Planting method canopy temperature organ temperature grain yield

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Effects of slow or controlled release fertilizer types and fertilization modes on yield and quality of rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第10期17卷 2222-2234页

作者： WEI Hai-yan CHEN Zhi-feng XING Zhi-peng ZHOU Lei LIU Qiu-yuan ZHANG Zhen-zhen JIANG Yan HU Ya-jie ZHU Jin-yan CUI Pei-yuan DAI Qi-gen ZHANG Hong-cheng Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/Jiangsu co-innovation center for Modem production technology of grain crops/Agricultural college Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R.China

There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs（polymer-coated urea（PCU）, sulfur-coated urea（SCU）, and urea formaldehyde（UF）） and two fertilization modes（both S/CRF and common urea（CU） as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer） on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control（CK）. Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.

关键词： type of slow or controlled release fertilizer fertilization mode yield quality

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Cytological and molecular characteristics of delayed spike development in wheat under low temperature in early spring

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The crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 840-852页

作者： Xurun Yu Yufei Jiang Huihui Yao Liping Ran Yong Zang Fei Xiong Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/Jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityCo-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Yangzhou University Guangling college Yangzhou 225000JiangsuChina

Low temperature in early spring impairs wheat growth and grain ***,little is known about the cytological and molecular mechanisms underlying low temperature regulation of wheat spike *** observation and transcriptome sequencing of wheat spikes under low temperature were *** temperature slowed spike development,reduced the yield-component parameters of wheat spikes at the harvest stage,delayed the formation of lateral spikelets and tissue development,and induced the early differentiation of terminal *** temperature increased the content of abscisic acid and caused the upregulation of genes in the abscisic acid signaling pathway,including those encoding PP2 Cs,Sn RK2 s,and b ZIP transcription *** temperature also induced the upregulation of 33 cold-responsive genes involved in wheat response to low-temperature stress and regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis and metabolism of other *** wheat spike adapted to cold conditions by changing the expression levels of genes involved in spike morphogenesis,including the transcription-factor genes MADS6,ERF4,ERF78,WOX6,and *** findings suggest that low temperature in early spring delays wheat spike development by increasing abscisic acid content or affecting the expression of genes involved in morphogenesis.

关键词： Development Low temperature Spike Transcriptome Wheat

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Biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice grains through altering chemical forms,subcellular distribution,and physiological characteristics

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 830-843页

作者： Le Chen Lin Guo Qiangqiang Xiong Ping Liao Xueyun Deng Xiaohua Pan Xueming Tan Xiaobing Xie Qigen Dai Hui Gao Haiyan Wei Yongjun Zeng Hongcheng Zhang Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology and Jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology and Jiangsu co-innovation center for modern production technology of grain crops and Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetic BreedingJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Biochar can change the availability and morphology of soil ***,the influence of biochar on Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice is poorly understood,particularly under different irrigation methods.A pot experiment of biochar application combined with two irrigation methods(continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation,CF and Ⅱ)was *** Cd accumulation,chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice organs and the associated physiological responses were *** significantly reduced soil available Cd(30.85-47.26%and 32.35-52.35%)under CF and Ⅱ but increased the Cd content(30.4-63.88%and 13.03-18.59%)in brown ***,the Cd content in shoots/grains under Ⅱ was higher than that under *** elevated the Cd soluble fraction in roots while lowered the cell wall fraction under both irrigation methods,whereas the opposite result was observed in *** increased water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in roots meanwhile increased ethanol-extractable Cd in leaves under both irrigation ***,the total amount of water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in rice roots was higher under Ⅱ than under *** hormones and antioxidant enzymes may also be involved in biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice ***,changes in Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in the root and leaf are the main mechanisms of biochar-induced rice grains Cd accumulation.

关键词： Biochar Rice Cd accumulation Chemical forms Subcellular distribution Endogenous hormone Antioxidant enzyme

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High plant density increases seed Bt endotoxin content in Bt transgenic cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第7期20卷 1796-1806页

作者： CHEN Yuan LIU Zhen-yu HENG Li Leila I.MTAMBEL CHEN De-hua Jiangsu key laboratory of crops genetics and physiology/Jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology/Agricultural college Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou 225009P R.China Agricultural Research cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 999129Sudan

Plant density is the cultivation practice usually employed to manipulate boll distribution, boll setting and yield in cotton production. In order to determine the effect of plant density on the insecticidal protein content of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) cotton plants, a study was conducted in Yangzhou University of China in 2015 and 2016. Five plant densities(PD1–PD5, representing 15 000, 30 000, 45 000, 60 000, and 75 000 plants ha^(–1)) were imposed on two Bt cotton cultivars, Sikang 1(the conventional cultivar, SK-1) and Sikang 3(the hybrid cultivar, SK-3). The boll number per plant, boll weight and boll volume all decreased as plant density increased. As plant density increased from 15 000 to 75 000 plants ha–1, seed Bt protein content increased, with increases of 66.5% in SK-1 and 53.4% in SK-3 at 40 days after flowering(DAF) in 2015, and 36.8% in SK-1 and 38.6% in SK-3 in 2016. Nitrogen(N) metabolism was investigated to uncover the potential mechanism. The analysis of N metabolism showed enhanced soluble protein content, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) activities, but reduced free amino acid content, and protease and peptidase activities with increasing plant density. At 20 DAF, the seed Bt toxin amount was positively correlated with soluble protein level, with correlation coefficients of 0.825** in SK-1 and 0.926** in SK-3 in 2015, and 0.955** in SK-1 and 0.965** in SK-3 in 2016. In contrast, the seed Bt protein level was negatively correlated with free amino acid content, with correlation coefficients of –0.983** in SK-1 and –0.974** in SK-3 in 2015, and –0.996** in SK-1 and –0.986** in SK-3 in 2016. To further confirm the relationship of Bt protein content and N metabolism, the Bt protein content was found to be positively correlated with the activities of GPT and GOT, but negatively correlated with the activities of protease and peptidase. In conclusion, our present study indicated that high plant density elev

关键词： Bt cotton plant density Bt insecticidal protein nitrogen metabolism

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Effects of plant density and mepiquat chloride application on cotton boll setting in wheat–cotton double cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2372-2381页

作者： CHEN Yuan LIU Zhen-yu HENG Li Leila IMTAMBEL ZHANG Xiang CHEN Yuan CHEN De-hua Jiangsu key laboratory of crops genetics and physiology/Jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology/Agricultural college Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou 225009P.R.China Agricultural Research cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 999129Sudan

Sowing cotton directly after harvesting wheat in the Yangtze River Valley of China requires early mature of cotton without yield ***-setting period synchronisation and more yield bolls distributed at the upper and middle canopy layers are also required for *** objective of this study is to quantify the individual and interaction effects of plant density and plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride(MC)on temporal and spatial distributions of yield bolls,as well as yield and yield *** the 2013–2016 cotton growing seasons,the experiments were conducted on a shortseason cotton cultivar CRRI50 at Yangzhou University,*** combinations of plant density(12.0,13.5 and 15.0 plants m^(–2))and MC dose(180,270 and 360 g ha^(–1))were applied on cotton *** combination of 13.5 plants m^(–2)and 270 g ha^(–1)MC resulted in the greatest boll number per unit area,the highest daily boll setting number and more than 90%of bolls positioned within 45–80 cm above the *** conclusion,appropriate MC dose in combination of high plant density could synchronize boll-setting period and retain more bolls at the upper and middle canopy layers without yield reduction in the system of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest,and thus overcome the labor-intensive problem in current transplanting cropping system.

关键词： direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest plant density mepiquat chloride yield and yield components boll setting boll spatial distribution

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Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第9期19卷 2216-2228页

作者： YE Yu-xiu WEN Zhang-rong YANG Huan LU Wei-ping LU Da-lei Jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/Jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology/Agricultural college Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou 225009P.R.China Huaihai Institute of technology Huai'an 222005P.R.China

Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth *** this study,a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain *** waxy maize hybrids,Suyunuo 5(SYN5)and Yunuo 7(YN7),were grown under the control and drought(soil moisture content was 70–80%and 50–60%,respectively)conditions after silking in 2016 and *** decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4%for YN7 and SYN5,respectively,owing to the decreased grain weight and ***-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2%in YN7 and 26.3%in *** contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6%in YN7 and 10.2%in SYN5,***-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content,but decreased the contents of water,soluble protein,chlorophyll,and carotenoid in the *** weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase)and antioxidant system(catalase,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase)reduced the photosynthetic rate(Pn)and accelerated leaf *** correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition,ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.

关键词： water deficit waxy maize photosynthesis antioxidant enzyme senescence dry matter accumulation

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