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Multi-instance partial-label learning: towards exploiting dual inexact supervision

Science China(information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 48-61页

作者： Wei TANG Weijia ZHANG Min-Ling ZHANG School of Computer Science and engineering Southeast University key laboratory of Computer Network and information Integration (Southeast University) Ministry of Education School of information and Physical Sciences The University of Newcastle

Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only multiple instances but also a candidate label set that contains one groundtruth label and some false positive labels. Specifically, at least one instance pertains to the ground-truth label while no instance belongs to the false positive labels. In this paper, we formalize such problems as multi-instance partial-label learning(MIPL). Existing multi-instance learning algorithms and partial-label learning algorithms are suboptimal for solving MIPL problems since the former fails to disambiguate a candidate label set, and the latter cannot handle a multi-instance bag. To address these issues, a tailored algorithm named MIPLGP, i.e., multi-instance partial-label learning with Gaussian processes, is proposed.MIPLGP first assigns each instance with a candidate label set in an augmented label space, then transforms the candidate label set into a logarithmic space to yield the disambiguated and continuous labels via an exclusive disambiguation strategy, and last induces a model based on the Gaussian processes. Experimental results on various datasets validate that MIPLGP is superior to well-established multi-instance learning and partial-label learning algorithms for solving MIPL problems.

关键词： machine learning multi-instance partial-label learning multi-instance learning partial-label learning Gaussian processes

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Revealing the role of calcium ion intercalation of hydrated vanadium oxides for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 9-19页

作者： Tao Zhou Xuan Du Guo Gao key laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the ministry of education School of Sensing Science and Engineering School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Exploring suitable high-capacity V2O5-based cathode materials is essential for the rapid advancement of aqueous zinc ion batteries（ZIBs）.However,the typical problem of slow Zn2+diffusion kinetics has severely limited the feasibility of such materials.In this work,unique hydrated vanadates（CaVO,BaVO） were obtained by intercalation of Ca2+or Ba2+into hydrated vanadium pentoxide.In the CaVO//Zn and BaVO//Zn batteries systems,the former delivered up to a 489.8 mAh g-1discharge specific capacity at 0.1 A g-1.Moreover,the remarkable energy density of 370.07 Wh kg-1and favorable cycling stability yard outperform BaVO,pure V2O5,and many reported cathodes of similar ionic intercalation compounds.In addition,pseudocapacitance analysis,galvanostatic intermittent titration（GITT） tests,and Trasatti analysis revealed the high capacitance contribution and Zn2+diffusion coefficient of CaVO,while an in-depth investigation based on EIS elucidated the reasons for the better electrochemical performance of CaVO.Notably,ex-situ XRD,XPS,and TEM tests further demonstrated the Zn2+insertion/extraction and Zn-storage mechanism that occurred during the cycle in the CaVO//Zn battery system.This work provides new insights into the intercalation of similar divalent cations in vanadium oxides and offers new solutions for designing cathodes for high-capacity aqueous ZIBs.

关键词： Aqueous zinc ion batteries Cathode materials Energy storage mechanism Ion pre-intercalation Vanadium oxides

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A Dual-Cluster-Head Based Medium Access Control for Large-Scale UAV Ad-Hoc Networks

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 123-136页

作者： Zhao Xinru Wei Zhiqing Zou Yingying Ma Hao Cui Yanpeng Feng Zhiyong key laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications Ministry of EducationSchool of Information and Communication EngineeringBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)ad hoc network has achieved significant growth for its flexibility,extensibility,and high deployability in recent years.The application of clustering scheme for UAV ad hoc network is imperative to enhance the performance of throughput and energy efficiency.In conventional clustering scheme,a single cluster head(CH)is always assigned in each cluster.However,this method has some weaknesses such as overload and premature death of CH when the number of UAVs increased.In order to solve this problem,we propose a dual-cluster-head based medium access control(DCHMAC)scheme for large-scale UAV networks.In DCHMAC,two CHs are elected to manage resource allocation and data forwarding cooperatively.Specifically,two CHs work on different channels.One of CH is used for intra-cluster communication and the other one is for inter-cluster communication.A Markov chain model is developed to analyse the throughput of the network.Simulation result shows that compared with FM-MAC(flying ad hoc networks multi-channel MAC,FM-MAC),DCHMAC improves the throughput by approximately 20%~50%and prolongs the network lifetime by approximately 40%.

关键词： dual cluster head medium access control UAV swarm

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Effect of mechanical stresses on degradation behavior of high-purity magnesium in bone environments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 252-261页

作者： Yan Yao Jie Xia Lizhen Wang Yuanming Gao Xili Ding Chao Wang Yubo Fan key laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology(Beihang University) Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing 100083China

High-purity(HP)magnesium(Mg)has emerged as a promising biomaterial for supporting functional bone tissue.Our previous study found that mechanical stresses and the surrounding fibrotic tissue(subcuta-neous)both play crucial roles in the degradation of HP Mg.However,due to challenges in the degradation and regeneration process in vivo,it remains unclear how stress affects HP Mg degradation in bone en-vironments,limiting its further application.In this study,novel loading devices were designed and the effects of tensile and compressive stresses on HP Mg degradation in vivo and in vitro bone environments were quantitatively analyzed.In addition,bone osteointegration around HP Mg was explored preliminar-ily.Tensile stress increases the degradation rate of HP Mg in vivo and in vitro.HP Mg degradation in vivo is more sensitive to stress factors than in vitro,but the sensitivity decreases with corrosion time.The volume loss rate of HP Mg is multilinear with the applied stress and degradation time.The volume of bone tissue surrounding HP Mg is larger in the no-stress group compared to the stressed groups,which is more pronounced with increasing implantation time.These results provide valuable insights for optimiz-ing the design of HP Mg-based implants considering load conditions.This will help to achieve a balance between the degradation rate of the implant and the regeneration rate of the surrounding bone.

关键词： High-purity magnesium Quantitative stresses Degradation Bone environments In vivo and in vitro

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Acousto-optic modulator-based bi-frequency interferometer for quantum technology

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 186-191页

作者：李文奇邓琦琦郭学石李小英 College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics engineering Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information TechnologyMinistry of EducationTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

We demonstrate a high-performance acousto-optic modulator-based bi-frequency interferometer,which can realize either beating or beating free interference for a single-photon level quantum state.Visibility and optical efficiency of the interferometer are(99.5±0.2)%and(95±1)%,respectively.The phase of the interferometer is actively stabilized by using a dithering phase-locking scheme,where the phase dithering is realized by directly driving the acousto-optic modulators with a specially designed electronic signal.We further demonstrate applications of the interferometer in quantum technology,including bi-frequency coherent combination,frequency tuning,and optical switching.These results show the interferometer is a versatile device for multiple quantum technologies.

关键词： bi-frequency interferometer acousto-optic modulator quantum optics quantum manipulation

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Robust Reactive Power Scheduling of Distribution Networks Based on Modified Bootstrap Technique

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 154-166页

作者： Wenlong Liao Shouxiang Wang Birgitte Bak-Jensen Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna Pillai Zhe Yang the AAU Energy Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark the key laboratory of Smart Grid Ministry of EducationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

The uncertainties of the power load,wind power,and photovoltaic power lead to errors between point prediction values and real values,which challenges the safe operation of distribution networks.In this paper,a robust reactive power scheduling(RRPS)model based on a modified bootstrap technique is proposed to consider the uncertainties of power loads and renewable energy sources.Firstly,a deterministic reactive power scheduling(DRPS)model and an RRPS model are formulated.Secondly,a modified bootstrap technique is proposed to estimate prediction errors of power loads and renewable energy sources without artificially assuming the probability density function of prediction errors.To represent all possible scenarios,point prediction values and prediction errors are combined to construct two worst-case scenarios in the RRPS model.Finally,the RRPS model is solved to find a scheduling scheme,which ensures the security of distribution networks for all possible scenarios in theory.Simulation results show that the worst-case scenarios constructed by the modified bootstrap technique outperform popular baselines.Besides,the RRPS model based on the modified bootstrap technique balances economics and security well.

关键词： Distribution network worst-case scenario robust programming prediction error bootstrap technique

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Advances and challenges in artificial intelligence text generation

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Frontiers of information Technology & Electronic engineering 2024年第1期25卷 64-83页

作者： Bing LI Peng YANG Yuankang SUN Zhongjian HU Meng YI School of Computer Science and engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210000China key laboratory of Computer Network and information Integration Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210000China

Text generation is an essential research area in artificial intelligence(AI)technology and natural language processing and provides key technical support for the rapid development of AI-generated content(AIGC).It is based on technologies such as natural language processing,machine learning,and deep learning,which enable learning language rules through training models to automatically generate text that meets grammatical and semantic requirements.In this paper,we sort and systematically summarize the main research progress in text generation and review recent text generation papers,focusing on presenting a detailed understanding of the technical models.In addition,several typical text generation application systems are presented.Finally,we address some challenges and future directions in AI text generation.We conclude that improving the quality,quantity,interactivity,and adaptability of generated text can help fundamentally advance AI text generation development.

关键词： AI text generation Natural language processing Machine learning Deep learning

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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in non-invasive neuromodulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1517-1522页

作者： Congcong Huo Gongcheng Xu Hui Xie Tiandi Chen Guangjian Shao Jue Wang Wenhao Li Daifa Wang Zengyong Li Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for biomedical engineering Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Beijing key laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical AidsBeijingChina School of Mechatronic engineering and Automation Foshan UniversityFoshanGuangdong ProvinceChina School of Rehabilitation engineering Beijing College of Social AdministrationBeijingChina key laboratory of Neuro-functional information and Rehabilitation engineering of the ministry of Civil Affairs BeijingChina

Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.

关键词： brain-computer interface cerebral neural networks functional near-infrared spectroscopy neural circuit neurofeedback neurological diseases neuromodulation non-invasive brain stimulation transcranial electrical stimulation transcranial electrical stimulation

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Full-Stokes metasurface polarimetry requiring only a single measurement

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 514-521页

作者： CHENGLONG ZHENG HUI LI JINGYU LIU MENGGUANG WANG HUAPING ZANG YAN ZHANG JIANQUAN YAO key laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China key laboratory of Opto-Electronics information Technology(Tianjin University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Beijing key laboratory for Metamaterials and Devices Key Laboratory of Terahertz OptoelectronicsMinistry of Educationand Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging TechnologyDepartment of PhysicsCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China State key laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Polarization is crucial in various fields such as imaging,sensing,and substance detection.A compact,fast,and accurate polarization detection device is vital for these applications.Herein,we demonstrate a multifocus metalens for terahertz polarization detection that requires only a single measurement to obtain complete polarization parameters and reconstruct the polarization state of the incident field.The individual subarrays of this metalens convert each of the six polarized components into the same polarization,which in turn links the Stokes parameters to these six foci.The incident linear polarizations and elliptical polarizations are characterized by Stokes parameters and polarization ellipses.Simulations and experimental results show that the scheme can accurately detect the incident polarization with a single measurement.The proposed metasurface polarimetry may find applications in the fields of real-time terahertz detection and integrated optics.

关键词： field incident polar

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Multisensory Conflict Impairs Cortico-Muscular Network Connectivity and Postural Stability: Insights from Partial Directed Coherence Analysis

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 79-89页

作者： Guozheng Wang Yi Yang Kangli Dong Anke Hua Jian Wang Jun Liu key laboratory for biomedical engineering of ministry of education College of Biomedical Engineering&Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Taizhou key laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials Research Institute of Zhejiang University-TaizhouTaizhou 318000China Department of Sports Science College of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Center for Psychological Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Sensory conflict impacts postural control,yet its effect on cortico-muscular interaction remains underexplored.We aimed to investigate sensory conflict's influence on the cortico-muscular network and postural stability.We used a rotating platform and virtual reality to present subjects with congruent and incongruent sensory input,recorded EEG(electroencephalogram)and EMG(electromyogram)data,and constructed a directed connectivity network.The results suggest that,compared to sensory congruence,during sensory conflict:(1)connectivity among the sensorimotor,visual,and posterior parietal cortex generally decreases,(2)cortical control over the muscles is weakened,(3)feedback from muscles to the cortex is strengthened,and(4)the range of body sway increases and its complexity decreases.These results underline the intricate effects of sensory conflict on cortico-muscular networks.During the sensory conflict,the brain adaptively decreases the integration of conflicting information.Without this integrated information,cortical control over muscles may be lessened,whereas the muscle feedback may be enhanced in compensation.

关键词： Cortico-muscular interaction Postural control Virtual reality Electroencephalogram Electromyography Sensory integration

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