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N-P fertilization did not reduce AMF abundance or diversity but alter AMF composition in an alpine grassland infested by a root hemiparasitic plant

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Plant Diversity 2018年第3期40卷 117-126页

作者： Xuezhao Wang Xiaolin Sui Yanyan Liu Lei Xiang Ting Zhang Juanjuan Fu Airong Li Peizhi Yang Department of Grassland Science College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of biogeography and bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fertilization has been shown to have suppressive effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and root hemiparasites separately in numerous investigations, but its effects on AMF in the presence of root hemiparasites remain untested. In view of the contrasting nutritional effects of AMF and root hemiparasites on host plants, we tested the hypothesis that fertilization may not show strong suppressive effects on AMF when a plant community was infested by abundant hemiparasitic plants. Plants and soil samples were collected from experimental field plots in Bayanbulak Grassland, where N and P fertilizers had been applied for three continuous years for control against a spreading root hemiparasite, Pedicularis kansuensis. Shoot and root biomass of each plant functional group were determined. Root AMF colonization levels, soil spore abundance, and extraradical hyphae length density were measured for three soil depths(0 e10 cm, 10 e20 cm, 20 e30 cm). Partial 18 S r RNA gene sequencing was used to detect AMF diversity and community composition. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between relative abundance of different AMF genera and environmental factors using Spearman's correlation method. In contrast to suppressive effects reported by many previous studies, fertilization showed no significant effects on AMF root colonization or AMF species diversity in the soil. Instead, a marked increase in soil spore abundance and extraradical hyphae length density were observed. However, fertilization altered relative abundance and AMF composition in the soil. Our results support the hypothesis that fertilization does not significantly influence the abundance and diversity of AMF in a plant community infested by P. kansuensis.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Fertilization Community structure Alpine grassland ecosystem Pedicularis

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Betula platyphylla BpH0 X2 transcription factor binds to different cis_acting elements and confers osmotic tolerance

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第11期62卷 1762-1779页

作者： Zilong Tan Xuejing Wen Yucheng Wang CAS key laboratory of biogeography and bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of^SciencesUrumqi 830011China State key laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The homeodomain-leucine zipper(HD-Zip)proteins play crucial roles in plant developmental and environmental ***,how they mediate gene expression to facilitate abiotic stress tolerance remains *** the present study,we characterized BpHOX2(encoding a HD-Zip I family protein)from birch(Betula platyphylla).BpHOX2 is predominately expressed in mature stems and leaves,but expressed at a low level in apical buds and roots,suggesting that it has tissue-specific ***2 expression was highly induced by osmotic and salt,but only slightly induced by abscisic *** of BpHOX2 markedly improved osmotic tolerance,while knockdown of BpHOX2 increased sensitivity to osmotic ***2 could induce the expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase,peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase genes to improve proline levels and the reactive oxygen species scavenging *** immunoprecipitation sequencing combined with RNA sequencing showed that BpHOX2 could bind to at least four cis-acting elements,including dehydrationresponsive element“RCCGAC”,Myb-p binding box“CCWACC,”and two novel cis-acting elements with the sequences of“AAGAAG”and“TACGTG”(termed HBS1 and HBS2,respectively)to regulate gene *** results suggested that BpHOX2 is a transcription factor that binds to different cis-acting elements to regulate gene expression,ultimately improving osmotic tolerance in birch.

关键词： markedly elements slightly

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Diaspore characteristics and ecological adaptation of Bromus tectorum *** different distribution regions

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Journal of arid land 2013年第3期5卷 310-323页

作者： YaoBin LIU YuanMing ZHANG Robert S NOWAK Liliya DIMEYEVA key laboratory of biogeography and bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada-RenoRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction Almaty 050040Kazakhstan

The invasion of nonnative plants is considered one of the main threats to the structure and function of North American ecosystems. Moreover, they can alter ecosystem processes and reduce biodiversity. In arid and semi-arid region of North America, the species of European annual grass Bromus tectorum L. is an outstanding example of these problems, which not only increase the fire density and change the fire regime, but replace native communities. Therefore, there are amount of researches on B. tectorum, including resource acquisition, water use efficiency and growth. Whereas the relevant research on the morphology of diaspore is scare. Diaspores have a fundamental role in seed germination and seedling establishment. Besides, as an important link between different generations, diaspores have a vital significance on individual reproduction and population extension. Hence, dias- pores under selection for studying have an important implication. This study compares differences in seed mor- phology for Bromus tectorum collected from the United States, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang of China. The following indices of B. tectorum diaspores were analyzed： size, thickness of covering layers, and micromorphological char- acteristics of the base, middle and transition area of diaspores as well as of the awn. Micromorphology of the lemma and the cross-section of the diaspore were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that thick- ness of the lemma and the palea of diaspores from B. tectorum-infested grasslands in the United States were re- duced （P〈0.05）, likely because of environmental influences. This reduction facilitated the germination of diaspores and lowered the resistance of B. tectorum to adverse environmental conditions. The length of the awn also in- creased significantly （P〈0.05）, which helped in dispersal and anchoring of diaspores. Therefore, B. tectorum adapted ecologically to its new environment in the United States by strengthening its establishment a

关键词： Bromus tectorum diaspore micromorphology lemma Kazakhstan United States Xinjiang of China

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Elevational patterns of temperature and humidity in the middle Tianshan Mountain area in Central Asia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 397-409页

作者： Gheyur GHEYRET Anwar MOHAMMAT TANG Zhi-yao Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

The vertical distribution of vegetation types along an elevational gradient in mountain areas largely depends on the elevational changes in air temperature and humidity. In this study, we presented the seasonal and diurnal variations in the elevational gradients of air temperature and humidity on the southern and northern slopes in the middle Tianshan Mountain Range using data collected throughout the year via HOBO data loggers. The measurements were conducted at 12 different elevations from 1548 to 3277 m from September 2004 to August 2005. The results showed that the annual mean air temperature decreased along the elevational gradients with temperature lapse rates of(0.71±0.20)°C/100 m and(0.59±0.05)°C/100 m on the northern and southern slopes, respectively. The annual mean absolute humidity significantly decreased with increasing elevation on the northern slope but showed no significant trend on the southern slope. The annual mean relative humidity did not show a significant trend on the northern slope but increased with increasing elevation on the southern slope. The mean air temperature lapse rate exhibited significant seasonal variation, which is steeper insummer and shallower in winter, and this value varied between 0.37°C/100 m and 0.75°C/100 m on the southern slope and between 0.30°C/100 m and 1.02°C/100 m on the northern slope. The mean absolute and relative humidity also exhibited significant seasonal variations on both slopes, with the maximum occurring in summer and the minimum occurring in winter or spring. The monthly diurnal range of air temperature on both slopes was higher in spring than in winter. The annual range of air temperature on the southern slope was higher than that on the northern slope. Our results suggest that significant spatiotemporal variations in humidity and temperature lapse rate are useful when analyzing the relationships between species range sizes and climate in mountain areas.

关键词： Temperature lapse rate Absolute humidity Relative humidity Annual range of temperature Diurnal range of temperature HOBO data loggers

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Status and distribution of ungulates in Xinjiang,China

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Journal of arid land 2011年第1期3卷 49-60页

作者： XingYi GAO WenXuan XU WeiKang YANG David A BLANK JianFang QIAO KeFen XU key laboratory of biogeography and bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Acad- emy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Zoology Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences Almaty 050010 Kazakhstan

Based on a long-term field investigation and other research results, we reviewed the status and distribution of ungulates in Xinjiang, China. The ungulates in Xinjiang included 19 ungulate species （30 subspecies） from 6 families and 2 orders. Among them, 3 species （2 subspecies） relate to Equidae （Per- risodactyla）, and 16 species （28 subspecies） are from 5 families of Artiodactyla. In this paper, we analyzed the conservation status of most rare and important 13 ungulate species. Firstly, we proposed the protec- tion of genetic diversity of Camelus ferus and the distribution areas of Moschus sifanicus, Procapra przewalskii and Saiga tatarica in Xinjiang. We found that Moschus sifanicus but not Procapra przewalskii distributed in Xinjiang. It was not clear whether the remnant populations of Saiga tatarica existed in Xinjiang and China-Kazakhstan border or not. We discussed that the protection level and rational use of Capra si- birica and enhancing protection level and enlarging monitoring and research projects for Pantholops hodgsoni and Gazella subgutturosa. And we would like to suggest Forestry Department to develop the captive breeding of Tibetan antelope for rational use. In addition, the captive breeding of Cervus elaphus in Xinjiang was reviewed. Local government should lessen strong control to Cervus elaphus because of many breeding centers＇ establishment.

关键词： Xinjiang of China ungulate species and distribution status

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Re-evaluating the vertical mass-flux profiles of aeolian sediment at the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China

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Journal of arid land 2015年第6期7卷 765-777页

作者： XUE Jie LEI Jiaqiang LI Shengyu GUI Dongwei MAO Donglei ZHOU Jie State key laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of biogeography and bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Reliable estimation of the mass-flux profiles of aeolian sediment is essential for predicting sediment transport rates accurately and designing measures to cope with wind-erosion. Vertical mass-flux profiles from seventeen wind-erosion events were re-evaluated using five typical models based on observed data obtained from a smooth bare field at the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China. The results showed that the exponential-function model and the logarithmic-function model exhibited the poorest fit between observed and predicted mass-flux profiles. The power-function model and the modified power-function model improved the fit to field data to an equivalent extent, while the five-parameter combined-function model with a scale constant（σ） of 0.00001 m（different from the σ value proposed by Fryear, which represented the height above which 50% of the total mass flux occurred） was verified as the best for describing the vertical aeolian sediment mass-flux profiles using goodness of fit（R2） and the Akaike Information Criterion（AIC） values to evaluate model performance. According to relationships among model parameters, the modified power model played a prominent explanatory role in describing the vertical profiles of the observed data, whereas the exponential model played a coordinating role. In addition, it was found that the vertical profiles could not be extrapolated using the five selected models or easily estimated using an efficient model without field observations by a near-surface sampler at 0 to 0.05 m.

关键词： vertical profile mass flux aeolian sediment wind erosion Taklimakan Desert

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A cladistic scenario of Southern Pacific biogeographical history based on Nothofagus dispersal and vicariance analysis

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Journal of arid land 2011年第2期3卷 104-113页

作者： MingLi ZHANG key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Nothofagus is regarded as a key group for interpreting Southern Pacific biogeographical *** on a molecular phylogenetic tree,a quantitative dispersal-vicariance analysis(DIVA) of the genus is *** results indicate that the ancestral area of Nothofagus is a broad realm almost including the total extant distribution pattern of the genus rather than a so-named center of *** with the paleogeography,the time of origin and subsequent diversification is inferred to have started in the Late *** vicariance and dispersal events should be contained in that *** events versus dispersal events play a dominant rule in *** dispersal events are hypothesized to happen from the Late Cretaceous to Eocene in terms of the geological *** fossils are collected in the *** America,comprising three subgenera of Nothofagus,should be considered as a diversification region,in which the distribution of the species of subgenus Fuscospora and subgenus Nothofagus are explained by dispersal events during the Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene.

关键词： Nothofagus Pacific biogeography distribution vicariance dispersal

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Impact of great gerbils(Rhombomys opimus) on desert plant communities

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Journal of arid land 2015年第6期7卷 852-859页

作者： XU Wenxuan LIU Wei YANG Weikang WANG Muyang XU Feng David BLANK key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid lands Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Science and Technology Southwest University for Nationalities

Great gerbil（Rhombomys opimus） colonies, with bare soil and herbaceous plants, are conspicuous to the background environment throughout their range area. In order to quantify the engineer role of great gerbils, we investigated the plant communities of 20 active colonies in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. In areas without disturbance, desert plant communities were dominated by the shrubs with low level species richness. In burrow areas and surrounding intermediate areas, which were disturbed by great gerbils, the shrubs were suppressed with the decrease of vegetation cover and aboveground biomass. As a result, ＂niche gaps＂ were created in disturbed areas and worked as a refuge for herbaceous annuals and perennials. So the existence of great gerbils increased the overall species richness of the desert. Furthermore, herbaceous annuals and perennials are the major food source for great gerbils in spring, indicating that great gerbils have a mutually beneficial relationship with herbaceous plants.

关键词： Rhombomys opimus ecosystem engineer species richness mutually beneficial relationship

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The influence of biological soil crusts on ^(15)N translocation in soil and vascular plant in a temperate desert of northwestern China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 420-428页

作者： WeiWei Zhuang Alison Downing YuanMing Zhang key laboratory of biogeography and bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences818 Beijing RoadUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

Aims Desert ecosystems are often characterized by patchy distribution of vascular plants,with biological soil crusts(BSC)covering interplant ***,few studies have comprehensively examined the linkage between BSC and vascular plants through nitrogen(N)or element *** objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological roles of BSC on N translocation from soil to the domi-nant herb Erodium oxyrrhynchum bieb.(geraniaceae)in a temper-ate desert in *** Isotopes(including 15N-glu,15N-NH4Cl and 15N-NaNo3)were used as a tracer to detect translocation of N in two types of desert soil(BSC covered;bare)to the dominant herb *** different forms of 15N-enriched N compounds were applied as a point source to small patches of BSC and to bare *** we measured isotopes(14N and 15N)and obtained the concentration of labeled-15N in both vascular plants and soils at different distances from substrate application Important Findings Plants of *** growing in BSC-covered plots accumulated moreδ15N than those growing in the bare ***,soil from b Ccovered plots showed a higher concentration of labeled-N irrespective of form of isotope,than did the bare *** concentration of dissolved organic N(15N-glu)in *** was higher than that of dis-solved inorganic N(15N-NH4Cl and 15N-NaNo3).soil covered by BSC also accumulated considerably more dissolved organic N than bare soil,whereas the dominant form of 15N concentrated in bare soil was dissolved inorganic *** analysis showed that the concentra-tion of labeled-N in plants was positively related to the concentration of labeled-N in soils and the N%recorded in *** study supports the hypothesis that BSC facilitates ^(15)N translocation in soils and vascular plants in a temperate desert of northwestern China.

关键词： biological soil crusts nitrogen translocation Erodium oxyrrhynchum temperate desert

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Species composition,distribution patterns and ecological functions of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

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Journal of arid land 2010年第3期2卷 180-189页

作者： Zhang, YuanMing Wu, Nan Zhang, BingChang Zhang, Jing Chinese Acad Sci Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China

As one of the most important biological factors that maintain the stability of the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the biological soil crusts (BSCs) develop well and play critical ecological roles in the desert ecosystem. In this paper,we briefly summarize our research findings since 2002 including species composition,distribution pattern and ecological functions of BSCs in the desert. Our results indicate abundant species diversity of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert in comparison to other deserts in China. At the scales of sand dune or whole desert,the distribution patterns of BSCs are location-specific. The existence of BSCs in this desert could:(1) accelerate the formation of desert soil and the weathering of minerals; (2) accumulate organic matter in surface soil through related species in soil crusts; (3) enhance the abilities of sand surface to resist wind erosion; (4) influence seed germination of vascular plants; and (5) enhance the production of dew deposition on sandy soil surface.

关键词： biological soil crusts species diversity location-specific distribution desert ecosystem

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