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Integrating host biological and ecological variables to predict probability of haemosporidian infection in raptors

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 255-264页

作者： Kai Gao Xuemei Yang Xi Huang Wenhong Deng Ministry of Education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted ***,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental ***,we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue *** these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors,we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel *** results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors,and body mass,sex,and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection ***,activity pattern,age,geographic range size,migration distance,and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection,and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera(Plasmodium,Haemoproteus,and Leucocytozoon).This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.

关键词： Activity pattern Emerging infectious diseases Infection probability Interspecific variation Migratory exposure

From germline genome to highly fragmented somatic genome:genome-wide DNA rearrangement during the sexual process in ciliated protists

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 31-49页

作者： Liping Lyu Xue Zhang Yunyi Gao Tengteng Zhang Jinyu Fu Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao key laboratory of Evolution&Marine biodiversity(Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution&Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Department of Biology Bradley UniversityPeoriaIL 61625USA Laoshan laboratory Qingdao 266237China

Genomes are incredibly dynamic within diverse eukaryotes and programmed genome rearrangements(PGR)play important roles in generating genomic ***,genomes and chromosomes in metazoans are usually large in size which prevents our understanding of the origin and evolution of *** expand our knowledge of genomic diversity and the evolutionary origin of complex genome rearrangements,we focus on ciliated protists(ciliates).Ciliates are single-celled eukaryotes with highly fragmented somatic chromosomes and massively scrambled germline *** in ciliates occurs extensively by removing massive amounts of repetitive and selfish DNA elements found in the silent germline genome dur-ing development of the somatic *** report the partial germline genomes of two spirotrich ciliate species,namely Strombidium *** and Halteria grandinella,along with the most compact and highly fragmented somatic genome for *** provide the first insights into the genome rearrangements of these two species and compare these features with those of other *** analyses reveal:(1)DNA sequence loss through evolution and during PGR in *** has combined to produce the most compact and efficient nanochromosomes observed to date;(2)the compact,transcriptome-like somatic genome in both species results from extensive removal of a relatively large number of shorter germline-specific DNA sequences;(3)long chromosome breakage site motifs are duplicated and retained in the somatic genome,revealing a complex model of chromosome fragmentation in spirotrichs;(4)gene scrambling and alternative pro-cessing are found throughout the core spirotrichs,offering unique opportunities to increase genetic diversity and regulation in this group.

关键词： Alternative processing Ciliates Gene scrambling Genome rearrangement Germline genome Somatic genome

Replacement of fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate in Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis): Nutrient digestibility, growth performance, free amino acid profile, and expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 447-462页

作者： Xinting Liu Danyang Zou Yizhu Wang Yutong Zhuang Yang Liu Yanyu Li Zhenzhu Sun Chaoxia Ye Guangzhou key laboratory of Subtropical biodiversity and Biomonitoring Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering School of Life Science South China Normal University

This study aimed to investigate the application of cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC) in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis). First, the apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC) of CPC, fish meal and soybean meal were compared in crabs(21.72 ± 0.33 g). The protein ADC of CPC was 90.42%, which was significantly higher than that of soybean meal(83.16%)(P < 0.05). The ADC of Phe, Cys and Glu of CPC were significantly higher than those of fish meal, while the ADC of Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Thr and Ala of CPC were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Second, we investigated the effects of fish meal substitution by CPC on growth performance, free amino acid profile, and expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism in crabs. Six diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% fish meal with CPC, namely FM, CPC15, CPC30, CPC45, CPC60, and CPC75. A total of 630 crabs(1.68 ± 0.00 g) were randomly divided into 18 tanks(3 tanks per group) and fed 3 times daily for 9 weeks. Results showed that CPC75 group significantly reduced growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and free Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, and Thr contents in muscle(P < 0.05). The contents of free amino acids(Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val,Ala, Cys, Glu, Gly, Ser and Tyr) in hepatopancreas decreased linearly with the increase of dietary CPC level(P < 0.05). The substitution of more than 45% fish meal with CPC significantly decreased the concentration of delicious amino acids(Ala, Glu and Gly) in hepatopancreas(P < 0.05), which might adversely affect crab flavor. The expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity, protein transport, TOR pathway and lipid metabolism was significantly downregulated by increasing dietary CPC level(P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the quadratic regression analysis of FCR and PER, the optimal replacement levels of fish meal with CPC in crab diet containing 35% fish meal were 32.36% and 35.38%, respectively. It is recommended that Ile, Leu and Thr be

关键词： Eriocheir sinensis Cottonseed protein concentrate Digestibility Amino acid TOR signaling pathway

Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 333-343页

作者： Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Sergei Volis Ziyoviddin Yusupov Inom Juramurodov Komiljon Tojibaev Tao Deng Hang Sun CAS key laboratory for Plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan International Joint laboratory for biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Botany Academy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent 100125Uzbekistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864China

Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th ***,due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date,its phylogeny and evolution are largely *** this study,we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus,which are found in Central Asia(its center of diversity)and *** also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species,encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central Asia,southwest Asia and *** findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic,although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be *** plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the *** biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the *** of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late *** Sea retreat and several orogenetic events,such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts(Altai,Pamir,Tian Shan),caused serious topographic and climate(aridification)changes in Central Asia that may have triggered a split of clades and *** this transformed Central Asia,speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic,topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

关键词： Asphodelaceae Asphodeloideae Plastome Central Asia Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation on seedling establishment of alpine cushion Arenaria polytrichoides

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 146-160页

作者： Xu-Fang Chen Li-Shen Qian Hong-Hua Shi Ya-Zhou Zhang Min-Shu Song Hang Sun Jian-Guo Chen key laboratory for Plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China

When facilitating other species and sustaining plant community structures and biodiversity,alpine cushion plants simultaneously experience negative feedback effects from surrounding ***,the impact of surrounding vegetation on cushion dynamics remains poorly understood,particularly in terms of allelopathic *** investigate the allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation on seedling establishment of the typical cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides *** an elevational gradient,we extracted potential allelopathic compounds and tested their impacts on seed germination and seedling growth of *** addition,exclusion experiments using activated carbon were conducted to further elucidate these *** results demonstrate that surrounding vegetation exhibits certain allelopathic potentials on *** seedling establishment,with variations observed based on elevation,source and concentration of allelopathy compounds,as well as growing ***,low-elevation vegetation exerts pronounced suppression on seedling ***,higher-elevation vegetation generally shows no effect on seed germination but stimulates seedling growth through allelopathy ***,aboveground vegetation predominantly inhibits both seed germination and seedling growth in low-elevation communities;however,the effects of belowground vegetation depend on elevation and extract concentration *** identifed allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation signifcantly infuence the population dynamics of cushion *** by potentially accelerating population degeneration in lower-elevation communities while ensuring consistent population recruitment and expansion in higher-elevation communities.

关键词： allelopathic potential community dynamic cushion plant seed germination seedling growth

Population genomic data reveal low genetic diversity,divergence and local adaptation among threatened Reeves's Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Qi Lu Pengcheng Wang Jiang Chang De Chen Shenghan Gao Jacob Hoglund Zhengwang Zhang Ministry of Education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Jiangsu key laboratory for biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China State key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing100012China State key laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Population genomic data could provide valuable information for conservation efforts;however,limited studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic status of threatened ***’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)is facing population decline,attributed to increases in habitat *** is a knowledge gap in understanding the genomic status and genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of this threatened ***,we used population genomic data to assess population structure,genetic diversity,inbreeding patterns,and genetic ***,we identified candidate genes linked with adaptation across the current distribution of Reeves’s *** present study assembled the first de novo genome sequence of Reeves’s Pheasant and annotated 19,458 *** also sequenced 30 individuals from three populations(Dabie Mountain,Shennongjia,Qinling Mountain)and found that there was clear population structure among those *** comparing with other threatened species,we found that Reeves’s Pheasants have low genetic *** of homozygosity suggest that the Shennongjia population has experienced serious *** demographic history results indicated that three populations experienced several declines during the glacial *** adaptative analysis among the populations identified 241 candidate genes under directional *** are involved in a large variety of processes,including the immune response and *** results suggest that the three populations should be considered as three different conservation *** current study provides genetic evidence for conserving the threatened Reeves’s Pheasant and provides genomic resources for global biodiversity management.

关键词： Conservation genetics Local adaptation Pheasant Whole-genome sequencing

Linkages among leaf nutrient concentration,resorption efficiency, litter decomposition and their stoichiometry to canopy nitrogen addition and understory removal in subtropical plantation

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 90-102页

作者： Jawad Ali Shah Wenfei Liu Saif Ullah Honglang Duan Fangfang Shen Yingchun Liao Guomin Huang Jianping Wu Ministry of Education key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province Yunnan University Jiangxi key laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology Nanchang Institute of Technology key laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou College of ForestryGuizhou University

Background The prevalence of understory removal and anthropogenic nitrogen(N) deposition has significantly altered the ecological processes of forest ecosystems at both regional and global scales. However, it remains a pressing challenge to understand how N deposition and understory removal affect leaf nutrient dynamics, nutrient resorption, litter decomposition, and their linkages for better managing forest ecosystems under nutrient imbalances induced by N enrichment. To address this research gap, a field manipulation experiment was carried out in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation with four treatments including: control(CK), canopy N addition(CN), understory removal(UR), and canopy N addition plus understory removal(CN × UR). Green and senesced leaf N and phosphorus(P) concentrations, N and P resorption efficiencies, litter decomposition, and their correlations were *** The results revealed that the average N concentrations of green early and late leaves in UR were increased by 6.61 and 18.89% compared to CK. UR had the highest whereas CN had the lowest P concentrations in green leaves across the two sampling seasons. Following this, UR, leaf type, season, and their interactions significantly affected leaf N, P, and N:P(P < 0.05). The highest leaf N resorption(32.68%) and P resorption efficiencies(63.96%) were recorded in UR. Litter decomposition was significantly retarded in UR(P < 0.01) relative to CN. The regression analysis demonstrated that leaf nutrient status was significantly interconnected with leaf nutrient resorption efficiencies. In addition, leaf nutrient dynamics were strongly correlated with litter nutrients, indicating that both were *** These findings can deepen our knowledge of biogeochemical cycling and reveal contrasting nutrientacquisition strategies on N and P limitation in response to UR and CN. Considering the P limitation, it is important to note that P was resorbed more efficiently, illustrating a

关键词： Nutrient resorption Nitrogen deposition Litter decomposition Stoichiometry Understory removal Subtropical plantation

Genomic and phenotypic signatures provide insights into the wide adaptation of a global plant invader

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 275-290页

作者： Yan Hao Xin-Feng Wang Yaolin Guo Tian-Yang Li Ji Yang Malika LAinouche Armel Salmon Rui-Ting Ju Ji-Hua Wu Lin-Feng Li Bo Li National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary and Ministry of Education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-ChongmingSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State key laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China UMR CNRS 6553 Universite´of RennesCampus de Beaulieu35042 Rennes Cedex ParisFrance State key laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Ministry of Education key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion BiologyInstitute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650504China

Invasive alien species are primary drivers of biodiversity loss and species *** cordgrass(Spartina alterniflora)is one of the most aggressive invasive plants in coastal ecosystems around the ***,the genomic bases and evolutionary mechanisms underlying its invasion success have remained largely ***,we assembled a chromosome-level reference genome and performed phenotypic and population genomic analyses between native US and introduced Chinese *** phenotypic comparisons showed that introduced Chinese populations have evolved competitive traits,such as earlyflowering time and greater plant biomass,during secondary introductions along China’s *** genomic and transcriptomic inferences revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories of low-and high-latitude Chinese *** particular,genetic mixture among different source populations,together with in-dependent natural selection acting on distinct target genes,may have resulted in high genome dynamics of the introduced Chinese *** study provides novel phenotypic and genomic evidence showing how smooth cordgrass rapidly adapts to variable environmental conditions in its introduced ***,candidate genes related toflowering time,fast growth,and stress tolerance(i.e.,salinity and submergence)provide valuable genetic resources for future improvement of cereal crops.

关键词： adaptation natural selection invasive species population genomics Spartina alterniflora Hao Y. Wang X.-F. Guo Y. Li T.-Y. Yang J. Ainouche M.L. Salmon A. Ju R.-T. Wu J.-H. Li L.-F. and Li B.(2024).Genomic and phenotypic signatures provide insights into the wide adaptation of a global plant invader.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the section Chaetoceros(Chaetocerotaceae,Bacillariophyta),with description of two new species

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1286-1311页

作者： Xudan LU Mengyi ZHAI Nina LUNDHOLM Yang LI Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and BiomonitoringCollege of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Natural History Museum of Denmark University of CopenhagenCopenhagen K 1353Denmark

Chaetoceros Ehrenberg is one of the most diverse genera of planktonic *** species in section Chaetoceros are characterized by cells and setae having numerous chloroplasts and being widely ***,the delimitations of some species are problematic because of limited morphological information in the classical *** strains of the section Chaetoceros were established,morphological features were studied using light and electron microscopy,and the hypervariable D 1-D 3 region of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit gene was sequenced to address phylogenetic *** species belonging to the section Chaetoceros were recorded,including two new species,*** *** *** *** hainanensis was characterized by straight chains,narrowly lanceolate to hexagonal apertures,sibling setae diverging in nearly right angles,stipule-shaped spines on terminal setae and arrowhead-shaped spines on intercalary *** had short straight chains,narrowly lanceolate apertures,arrowhead-shaped spines and circular poroids arranged in a grid pattern on terminal and intercalary *** phylogenetic analyses revealed six groups formed by 19 species within the section Chaetoceros,which was found to be *** subdivision of the section is still not well *** morphological characters within each group varied considerably and molecular information on more species are needed to enrich the phylogenetic profiling.

关键词： morphology large subunit ribosomal RNA encoding gene(LSU) section Chaetoceros Chaetoceros hainanensis Chaetoceros tridiscus