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Coated sodium butyrate ameliorates high‑energy and low‑protein diet induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and apoptosis in laying hens

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1190-1206页

作者： Sasa Miao Tianming Mu Ru Li Yan Li Wenyan Zhao Jiankui Li Xinyang Dong Xiaoting Zou key laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of zhejiang province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(Eastern of China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionMinistry of EducationCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China.

Background Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS),a fatty liver disease in laying hens,poses a grave threat to the layer industry,stemming from its ability to trigger an alarming plummet in egg production and usher in acute mortality among laying *** evidence suggests that the onset and progression of fatty liver was closely related to mitochondria *** butyrate was demonstrated to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism,alle-viate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and mice ***,there is limited existing research on coated sodium butyrate(CSB)to prevent FLHS in laying hens,and whether and how CSB exerts the anti-FLHS effect still needs to be *** this experiment,the FLHS model was induced by administering a high-energy low-protein(HELP)diet in laying *** objective was to investigate the effects of CSB on alleviating FLHS with a focus on the role of CSB in modulating mitochondrial *** A total of 288 healthy 28-week-old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates each,namely,the CON group(normal diet),HELP group(HELP diet),CH500 group(500 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet)and CH750 group(750 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet).The duration of the trial encompassed a period of 10 *** The result revealed that CSB ameliorated the HELP-induced FLHS by improving hepatic steatosis and patho-logical damage,reducing the gene levels of fatty acid synthesis,and promoting the mRNA levels of key enzymes of fatty acid *** reduced oxidative stress induced by the HELP diet,upregulated the activity of GSH-Px and SOD,and decreased the content of MDA and *** also mitigated the HELP diet-induced inflammatory response by blocking TNF-α,IL-1β,and F4/*** addition,dietary CSB supplementation attenuated HELP-induced activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRmt),mitochondrial damage,and decline of ATPase *** diet decreased th

关键词： Autophagy Coated sodium butyrate Laying hens Lipid metabolism Mitochondria

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Next-generation probiotic candidates targeting intestinal health in weaned piglets: Both live and heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila prevent pathological changes induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the gut

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animal nutrition 2024年第02期17卷 110-122页

作者： Cong Lan Hua Li Yuqing Shen Yang Liu Aimin Wu Jun He Jingyi Cai Gang Tian Xiangbing Mao Zhiqing Huang Bing Yu Ping Zheng Jie Yu Junqiu Luo Hui Yan Yuheng Luo key laboratory for animal Disease-Resistance nutrition of Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan ProvinceEngineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of ChinaAnimal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University

The use of next-generation probiotics （NGP） in pigs for combating diseases has been subject to limited *** we explored the potential of a well-known NGP candidate Akkermansia muciniphila targeting pig gut *** the first screening experiment,we found that the abundance of *** peaked at 14 d old but decreased at weaning （21 d old;P<0.05）,suggesting the weaning period may be an effective window for *** *** that,48 crossbred weaned pigs at 28 d old were randomly assigned to five groups:control （CON）,high/low live *** （HA/LA）,and high/low heatkilled *** （HIA/LIA）.From 1 to 28 d old,the CON group received gastric infusion of anaerobic sterile saline every other day;the HA and LA groups were gavaged every other day with 1×1010CFU/5 m L and 5×10～8CFU/5 mL live ***,respectively;and the HIA and LIA groups were gavaged every other day with 1×1010CFU/5 mL and 5×10～8CFU/5 mL heat-killed ***,*** d 29,pigs in the CON group were randomly and equally divided into two groups,one of which was named the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli （ETEC） group,and all groups except CON received a 5-d ETEC *** supplementation of *** numerically reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs compared to the pigs that only received the ETEC challenge （P=0.57）,but the LIA group had a higher diarrhea rate than the CON group （P<0.05）.Consistent with this,the supplementation of *** improved the small intestinal morphology and structure,proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes in the blood,as well as the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and antioxidant indices of pigs with ETEC challenge,especially for the LA group （P<0.05）.Meanwhile,*** supplementation reduced the expression of ETEC virulence factor genes in the ileum and colon of pigs challenged by ETEC （P<0.05）.Therefore,*** may protect the intestinal health of weaned piglets from damage caused by

关键词： Akkermansia muciniphila Weaned piglet Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge Intestinal health

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Pogostemon cablin essential oil as feed additive promotes the repair of the rumen epithelial barrier in heat-stressed beef cattle

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animal nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 433-440页

作者： Huan Chen Mingrui Yang Xianglong Shang Hao Chen Yi Li Yanjiao Li Lin Li Mingren Qu Xiaozhen Song Jiangxi province key laboratory of animal nutrition Engineering Research Center of Feed DevelopmentJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Pogostemon cablin essential oil(PEO),extracted from ***,has anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-stress properties,as well as the ability to improve gastrointestinal *** study aims to evaluate the effects of PEO on the performance,rumen epithelial morphology,and barrier function in heat-stressed beef ***-six male Jingjiang cattle at 18 months old were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing PEO at 0(control),50,100,or 150 mg/kg in the feed concentrate(n=9).All experimental cattle were fed under high temperature and humidity in summer for 60 *** results indicated that 50 mg/kg of PEO treatment enhanced the average daily gain of beef cattle compared with the control group(P=0.032).All PEO treatments reduced the diamine oxidase activity(P=0.004)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.008)in *** addition,the content of 70 kDa heat shock protein in the 100 mg/kg group was increased,and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in both 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg groups were enhanced compared to the control group(P<0.05).More importantly,PEO treatment with 50 mg/kg enhanced the mRNA relative expressions of occludin in ruminal epithelia but decreased the mRNA relative expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase,P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,caspase-3,Beclin1(P<0.05),and extremely significant declined the mRNA relative expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases and ubiquitin-binding protein in contrast to the control group(P<0.01).These findings indicated that dietary PEO supplementation might be favorable to improve growth performance and repairing damaged rumen epithelium of heat-stressed cattle by down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

关键词： Beef cattle Heat stress Rumen epithelial barrier Pogostemon cablin essential oil Growth performance MAPK signaling pathway

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The protective role of prebiotics and probiotics on diarrhea and gut damage in the rotavirus-infected piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1424-1448页

作者： Heng Yang Xiangqi Fan Xiangbing Mao Bing Yu Jun He Hui Yan Jianping Wang Institute of animal nutrition Sichuan Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan ProvinceNo.211Gongpinghuimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengduSichuan Province 611130People’s Republic of China

Rotavirus is one of the pathogenic causes that induce diarrhea in young animals, especially piglets, worldwide. However, nowadays, there is no specific drug available to treat the disease, and the related vaccines have no obvious efficiency in some countries. Via analyzing the pathogenesis of rotavirus, it inducing diarrhea is mainly due to disturb enteric nervous system, destroy gut mucosal integrity, induce intracellular electrolyte imbalance, and impair gut microbiota and immunity. Many studies have already proved that prebiotics and probiotics can mitigate the damage and diarrhea induced by rotavirus infection in hosts. Based on these, the current review summarizes and discusses the effects and mechanisms of prebiotics and probiotics on rotavirus-induced diarrhea in piglets. This information will highlight the basis for the swine production utilization of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention or treatment of rotavirus infection in the future.

关键词： Diarrhea Piglet Prebiotics Probiotics Rotavirus

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Cellular and Transcriptional Dynamics during Brown Adipose Tissue Regeneration under Acute Injury

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 345-357页

作者： Wenjing You Ziye Xu Wentao Chen Xin Yang Shiqi Liu Liyi Wang Yuang Tu Yanbing Zhou Teresa G.Valencak Yizhen Wang Shihuan Kuang Tizhong Shan College of animal Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina The key laboratory of Molecular animal nutrition Ministry of EducationHangzhouChina zhejiang Provincial laboratory of feed and animal nutrition HangzhouChina Department of laboratory Medicine the First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA.

Brown adipose tissue(BAT)is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and crucial for systemic *** chronic cold exposures and high-fat diet challenges,BAT undergoes robust remodeling to adapt to physiological ***,whether and how BAT regenerates after acute injuries are poorly ***,we established a novel BAT injury and regeneration model(BAT-IR)in mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and bulk RNA-seq to determine cellular and transcriptomic dynamics during *** further defined distinct fibro-adipogenic and myeloid progenitor populations contributing to BAT *** trajectory and gene expression analyses uncovered the involvement of MAPK,Wnt,and Hedgehog(Hh)signaling pathways in BAT *** confirmed the role of Hh signaling in BAT development through Myf5Cre-mediated conditional knockout(cKO)of the Sufu gene to activate Hh signaling in BAT and muscle *** BAT-IR model therefore provides a paradigm to identify conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BAT development and remodeling.

关键词： injuries involvement acute

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Effects of electrolyte balance on intestinal barrier, amino acid metabolism, and mTORC1 signaling pathway in piglets fed lowprotein diets

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animal nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 408-417页

作者： Qian Lin Xiaodian Tu Xin Li Feiyang Gou Lin Ding Zeqing Lu Jie Feng Yongfei Ying Caihong Hu College of animal Sciences Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University) Ministry of Education animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Breeding Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station of zhejiang province

A proper dietary electrolyte balance(dEB) is essential to ensure optimal growth performance of piglets. In the low-protein diet, this balance may be affected by the reduction of soybean meal and the inclusion of high levels of synthetic amino acids. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the optimal dEB of low-protein diets and its impact on the growth performance of piglets. A total of 108 piglets(initial age of35 d) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 6 pigs each as follows: low electrolyte diet(LE group; dEB = 150 milliequivalents [mEq]/kg); medium electrolyte diet(ME group; dEB = 250 m Eq/kg);high electrolyte diet(HE group; d EB = 350 mEq/kg). Results indicated that the LE and HE diet significantly decreased the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and crude protein digestibility(P key proteins. In summary, the dietary electrolyte imbalance could inhibit the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway,which might be a key factor in the influence of the dEB on piglet growth performance and intestinal ***, second-order polynomial(quadratic) regression analysis showed that the optimal dEB of piglets in the low-protein diet was 250 to 265 mEq/kg.

关键词： Low-protein Dietary electrolyte balance Piglet Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

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nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea of piglets: From the perspective of feeds

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animal nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 297-311页

作者： Qingsong Tang Tianyi Lan Chengyu Zhou Jingchun Gao Liuting Wu Haiyang Wei Wenxue Li Zhiru Tang Wenjie Tang Hui Diao Yetong Xu Xie Peng Jiaman Pang Xuan Zhao Zhihong Sun laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University animal Breeding and Genetics key laboratory of Sichuan province Sichuan Animal Science Academy Yibin Academy of Southwest University

Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD) is a globally significant threat to the swine industry. Historically, antibiotics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control ***, the development of bacterial resistance and environmental pollution have created an interest in alternative strategies. In recent years, the research surrounding these alternative strategies and the mechanisms of piglet diarrhea has been continually updated. Mechanically, diarrhea in piglets is a result of an imbalance in intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion. In general, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) and diarrheal viruses are known to cause an imbalance in the absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, resulting in diarrhea when Cl secretion-driven fluid secretion surpasses absorptive capacity. From a perspective of feedstuffs, factors that contribute to imbalances in fluid absorption and secretion in the intestines of weaned piglets include high levels of crude protein(CP), stimulation by certain antigenic proteins, high acid-binding capacity(ABC), and contamination with deoxynivalenol(DON) in the diet. In response, efforts to reduce CP levels in diets,select feedstuffs with lower ABC values, and process feedstuffs using physical, chemical, and biological approaches are important strategies for alleviating PWD in piglets. Additionally, the diet supplementation with additives such as vitamins and natural products can also play a role in reducing the diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets. Here, we examine the mechanisms of absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, summarize nutritional strategies to control PWD in piglets from the perspective of feeds, and provide new insights towards future research directions.

关键词： Post-weaning diarrhea Fluid secretion feed nutritional regulation strategies Piglet

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Fermented defatted rice bran-derived gut Clostridium butyricum improved the gut barrier function by regulating HIF-1 signaling pathway

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Weifa Su Zipeng Jiang Tao Gong Man Du Fengqin Wang Zeqing Lu Mingliang Jin Yizhen Wang key laboratory of Molecular animal nutrition， Ministry of Education， zhejiang University key laboratory of animal nutrition and feed， Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs， zhejiang University National Engineering Research Center of Green feeds and Healthy Livestock Industry， zhejiang University key laboratory of animal nutrition and feed Science of zhejiang province， zhejiang University College of animal Science， Institute of feed Science， zhejiang University

Emerging evidence of the beneficial effects of defatted rice bran (DFRB) on gut health has advanced the development of fermented defatted rice bran as a potential functional food. However， less is known about its effects and underlying mechanisms on gut health. In this study， a mouse model together with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was utilized to study the effects and mechanisms of fermented DFRB (FR) on gut barrier function. We found that FR improved the intestinal morphology， gut tight junction proteins， mucin， antimicrobial peptides， and IL-22 and promoted the gut Clostridium butyricum and butyrate. Notably， correlation analysis indicated gut C. butyricum and butyrate were two FR-induced effectors that improved gut health. FMT results suggested that C. butyricum， butyrate， and fecal microbiota from the FR group all reduced PHD2 expression by activating PPAR-γ in the mouse colon. This decrease in gut PHD2 subsequently upregulated the HIF-1α expression， which in turn increased the expression of its targeted downstream tight junction proteins， mucin and antimicrobial peptides， and colonic IL-22 secretion. Overall， FR-derived C. butyricum and butyrate might improve gut barrier function through the HIF-1 signaling pathway， which provides a reference for the application of fermented DFRB as a potential functional food for improving of gut barrier function.

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Dietary copper improves intestinal structural integrity in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)probably related to its increased intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junction complex

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animal nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 96-106页

作者： Rui Ma Lin Feng Pei Wu Yang Liu Hong Mei Ren Xiao Wan Jin Shu Wei Li Ling Tang Xiao Qiu Zhou Wei Dan Jiang animal nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Fish nutrition and Safety Production University key laboratory of Sichuan province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China key laboratory of animal Disease-Resistance nutrition Ministry of EducationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu611130China animal nutrition Institute Sichuan Academy of Animal ScienceSichuan Animtech Feed Co.Ltd.Chengdu610066China

This research evaluated the effects of copper(Cu)on intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junctional complex(AJC)in juvenile grass carp.A total of 1080 healthy juvenile grass carp(11.16±0.01 g)were fed six diets including different dosages of Cu,namely 0,2,4,6,8 mg/kg(Cu citrate[CuCit]as Cu source)and 3 mg/kg(CuSO4·5H2O as Cu source).The trial lasted for 9 *** findings revealed that dietary optimal Cu supplementation(2.2 to 4.1 mg/kg)promoted intestinal growth,including intestinal length,intestinal length index,intestinal weight,and intestinal somatic index(P 0.05).On the other hand,optimal Cu increased intestinal tight junction(TJ)proteins(except for claudin 15b)and adherens junction(AJ)proteins(E-cadherin,α-catenin,β-catenin,nectin and afadin)mRNA levels(P<0.05),which could be connected to the signaling pathway formed by the Ras homolog gene family,member A(RhoA),Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),and myosin light chain kinase(MLCK).Finally,based on serum indicator D-lactate and intestinal oxidative damage index(ROS),Cu requirement(CuCit as Cu source)for juvenile grass carp from initial weight to final weight(from 11 to 173 g)was determined to be 4.14 and 4.12 mg/kg diet,*** work may provide a theoretical foundation for identifying putative Cu regulation pathways on fish intestinal health.

关键词： Copper Ctenopharyngodon idella Structural integrity Intestine

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Artificial parasin I protein(API)supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli

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animal nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 154-165页

作者： Congzhi Zou Wanxin Zhao Shenggang Yin Xiaoyu Xiang Jiayong Tang Gang Jia Lianqiang Che Guangmang Liu Xiaoling Chen Gang Tian Jingyi Cai Bo Kang Hua Zhao key laboratory for animal Disease-Resistance nutrition of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan ProvinceAnimal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China College of animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

Diarrheas are common risks faced by piglets during the weaning *** study investigated the alleviating effects of artificial parasin I protein(API)on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)*** piglets were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diet supplemented with API at 0,750,and 1500 mg/kg or antibiotics for 5 *** d 15 and 25,piglets were challenged with ETEC K88 except for the CON *** the ETEC challenge(d 1–14),dietary API supplementation improved growth performance,and 750 mg API increased(Pfeed to gain ratio(F/G)and diarrhea index of weaned *** challenge(during d 15–35)reduced growth performance and increased(P<0.01)the F/G,diarrhea rate,and diarrhea *** event was accompanied by the numerically increased malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in serum and ileum,the decreased(P<0.05)zonula-occludens-1(ZO-1)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the ileum,and the increased(P=0.04)secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)protein in the *** parasin I protein supplementation alleviated the negative impact of *** 750 mg/kg API inclusion elevated(P<0.05)ADG and decreased(P<0.05)F/*** levels of API decreased(P<0.01)the diarrhea rate and diarrhea ***,API inclusion decreased(P<0.01)the crypt depth in the jejunum,elevated(P<0.05)villus height in the duodenum and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum,up-regulated(P<0.05)ZO-1 gene,and down-regulated(P<0.05)mucin-2 gene in the jejunum,and 1500 mg/kg API decreased(P<0.01)sIgA level and down-regulated(P<0.05)IL-1βgene in the ***,750 mg/kg API elevated(P<0.01)Bifidobacteria population and acetic acid concentrations in the cecal *** conclusion,API supplementation alleviates the negative impact of ETEC on growth performance and intestinal health,thus can be applied as an antibiotic alternative in weane

关键词： Artificial parasin I protein Growth performance Intestinal barrier Diarrhea Weaned piglet

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