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Room-temperature coherent manipulation of single-spin qubits in silicon carbide with a high readout contrast

National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 89-98页

作者： Qiang Li Jun-Feng Wang Fei-Fei Yan Ji-Yang Zhou Han-Feng Wang He Liu Li-Ping Guo Xiong Zhou Adam Gali Zheng-Hao Liu Zu-Qing Wang Kai Sun Guo-Ping Guo Jian-Shun Tang Hao Li Li-Xing You Jin-Shi Xu Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS key laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China key laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Department of Atomic Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Wigner Research Centre for Physics State key laboratory of Functional Materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)

Spin defects in silicon carbide(SiC) with mature wafer-scale fabrication and micro/nano-processing technologies have recently drawn considerable attention.Although room-temperature single-spin manipulation of colour centres in SiC has been demonstrated,the typically detected contrast is less than 2%,and the photon count rate is also low.Here,we present the coherent manipulation of single divacancy spins in 4 H-SiC with a high readout contrast(-30%) and a high photon count rate(150 kilo counts per second)under ambient conditions,which are competitive with the nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond.Coupling between a single defect spin and a nearby nuclear spin is also observed.We further provide a theoretical explanation for the high readout contrast by analysing the defect levels and decay paths.Since the high readout contrast is of utmost importance in many applications of quantum technologies,this work might open a new territory for SiC-based quantum devices with many advanced properties of the host material.

关键词： silicon carbide single divacancy defects spin coherent control high readout contrast bright photon emission

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Deoxynivalenol accumulation and detoxification in cereals and its potential role in wheat-Fusarium graminearum interactions

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aBIOTECH 2023年第2期4卷 155-171页

作者： Kun Luo Jiao Guo Dejia He Guangwei Li Thérèse Ouellet Shaanxi key laboratory of Chinese Jujube College of Life ScienceYan’an UniversityYan’an716000China Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada960 Carling AveOttawaONK1A 0C6Canada

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum.It is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of F.graminearum within cereal heads,and it causes serious yield losses and significant contamination of cereal grains.In recent decades,genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the characterization of the molecular pathways of DON biosynthesis in F.graminearum and the environmental factors that influence DON accumulation.In addition,diverse scab resistance traits related to the repression of DON accumulation in plants have been identified,and experimental studies of wheat–pathogen interactions have contributed to understanding detoxification mechanisms in host plants.The present review illustrates and summarizes the molecular networks of DON mycotoxin production in F.graminearum and the methods of DON detoxification in plants based on the current literature,which provides molecular targets for crop improvement programs.This review also comprehensively discusses recent advances and challenges related to genetic engineering-mediated cultivar improvements to strengthen scab resistance.Furthermore,ongoing advancements in genetic engineering will enable the application of these molecular targets to develop more scab-resistant wheat cultivars with DON detoxification traits.

关键词： Mycotoxin biosynthesis Antioxidant enzymes Detoxification enzymes Scab resistance Transgenic breeding

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An SPICE model for phase-change memory simulations

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第9期32卷 70-73页

作者：李喜宋志棠蔡道林陈小刚陈后鹏 State key laboratory of Functional Materials for informatics Laboratory of NanotechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Along with a series of research works on the physical prototype and properties of the memory cell,an SPICE model for phase-change memory（PCM） simulations based on Verilog-A language is presented.By handling it with the heat distribution algorithm,threshold switching theory and the crystallization kinetic model,the proposed SPICE model can effectively reproduce the physical behaviors of the phase-change memory cell.In particular,it can emulate the cell＇s temperature curve and crystallinity profile during the programming process,which can enable us to clearly understand the PCM＇s working principle and program process.

关键词： phase-change memory SPICE Verilog-A

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A Survey of Hidden Convex Optimization

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2020年第1期8卷 1-28页

作者： Yong Xia key laboratory of Mathematics Informatics and Behavioral Semantics of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Mathematics and System SciencesBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Motivated by the fact that not all nonconvex optimization problems are difficult to solve,we survey in this paper three widely used ways to reveal the hidden convex structure for different classes of nonconvex optimiz... 详细信息

关键词： Convex programming Quadratic programming Quadratic matrix programming Fractional programming Lagrangian dual Semidefinite programming

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Genetic analysis and gene mapping of a dwarf and liguleless mutation in barley

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 1094-1102页

作者： Baojian Guo Jiang Qi Dongfang Li Hongwei Sun Chao Lyu Feifei Wang Juan Zhu Ganggang Guo Rugen Xu Jiangsu key laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/key laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Joint International Research laboratory of agriculture and agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina key laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Utilization(MOA) The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Leaf development underlies crop growth and productivity and has been a major target of crop domestication and improvement.However,most genes controlling leaf development in barley remain unknown.We identified a dwarf and liguleless(dl)mutant derived by ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis.The dl mutant showed dramatic changes in shoot architecture compared with wild-type(Yangnongpi 5)plants.Besides lacking ligules,the dl mutant showed much shorter plant height(28 cm)than Yangnongpi 5(78 cm).By map-based cloning,the dl gene was localized to a 56.58-kb genomic interval on the long arm of chromosome 7.A C-to-T single-nucleotide substitution was identified at exon position 790,and is a functional mutation resulting in a proline-to-serine substitution at the 264th amino acid residue of HORVU7Hr1G106960.Consequently,HORVU7Hr1G106960 was identified as the DL gene,encoding 269 amino acids and containing the Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1(ALOG)domain.DL is highly similar to rice OsG1-LIKE 1/2(OsG1L1/2)and sorghum AWN1/AWN1-10 at the amino acid level.Although the dl mutant allele showed no expression changes in selected tissues by real-time PCR,we propose HORVU7Hr1G106960 as a candidate gene conferring the dwarf and liguleless phenotype in barley.

关键词： Barley EMS Liguleless ALOG Shoot architecture

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Transcriptional proffling between yellow-and black-seeded Brassica napus reveals molecular modulations on flavonoid and fatty acid content

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2022年第8期21卷 2211-2226页

作者： RONG Hao YANG Wen-jing XIE Tao WANG Yue WANG Xia-qin JIANG Jin-jin WANG You-ping Jiangsu Provincial key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Joint International Research laboratory of agriculture and agri-Product Safety Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Brassica napus is an important cash crop broadly grown for the vegetable and oil values.Yellow-seeded B.napus is preferred by breeders due to its improved oil and protein quality,less pigments and lignin compared with the blackseeded counterpart.This study compared the differences in flavonoid and fatty acid contents between yellow rapeseed from the progenies of B.napus-Sinapis alba somatic hybrids and the black-seeded counterpart using RNA-seq analysis.Through HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)/MSanalysis,it was found that phenylpropanoids and flavonoids(i.e.,isorhamnetin,epicatechin,kaempferol,and other derivatives)in yellow seed were significantly lower than those in black seed.The fatty acid(FA)content in yellow rapeseed was higher than that in black rapeseed due to the variation of C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,and C18:3 contents.RNA-seq analysis of seeds at four and five weeks after flowering(WAF)indicated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between black and yellow rapeseeds were enriched in flavonoid and FA biosynthesis,including BnTT3,BnTT4,BnTT18,and BnFAD2.Also,genes related to FA biosynthesis,desaturation and elongation(FAD3,LEC1,FUS3,and LPAT2)in yellow seed were up-regulated compared to those in black seed,while genes involved in beta-oxidation cycle(AIM1 and KAT2)of yellow seed were down-regulated compared to those in black seed.The DEGs related to the variation of flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,and FAs would help improve the knowledge of yellow seed character in B.napus and promote rapeseed improvement.

关键词： rapeseed gene expression analysis fatty acid composition phenolic content yellow seed

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Co-location of QTL for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance and flowering time in Brassica napus

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The Crop Journal 2019年第2期7卷 227-237页

作者： Jian Wu Peipei Chen Qing Zhao Guangqin Cai Yue Hu Yang Xiang Qingyong Yang Youping Wang Yongming Zhou Jiangsu Provincial key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou University National key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University agricultural Bioinformatics key laboratory of Hubei Province College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Guizhou Rapeseed Institute Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica napus worldwide. Both SSR resistance and flowering time(FT) adaptation are major breeding goals in B. napus. However, early maturing rapeseed varieties, which are important for rice-rapeseed rotation in China, are often highly susceptible to SSR. Here, we found that SSR resistance was significantly negatively correlated with FT in a natural population containing 521 rapeseed inbred lines and a double haploid(DH) population with 150 individual lines, both of which had great variation in FT. Four chromosomal regions on A2, A6, C2, and C8 affecting both SSR resistance and FT were identified using quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping after constructing a high-density genetic map based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the DH population.Furthermore, we aligned QTL for the two traits identified in the present and previous studies to the B. napus reference genome, and identified four colocalized QTL hotspots of SSR resistance and FT on A2(0–7.7 Mb), A3(0.8–7.5 Mb), C2(0–15.2 Mb), and C6(20.2–36.6 Mb). Our results revealed a genetic link between SSR resistance and FT in B.napus, which should facilitate the development of effective strategies in both early maturing and SSR resistance breeding and in map-based cloning of SSR resistance QTL.

关键词： Sclerotinia stem rot Brassica napus QTL mapping Flowering time SNP array

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Exploring metro vibrancy and its relationship with built environment:a cross-city comparison using multi-source urban data

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第2期25卷 182-196页

作者： Wei Tu Tingting Zhu Chen Zhong Xiaohu Zhang Yang Xu Qingquan Li Guangdong key laboratory of Urban informatics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and ServiceSchool of Architecture and Urban PlanningShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)key laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina The Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis(CASA) University College London(UCL)LondonUK Department of Urban Planning and Design The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina

Recent urban transformations have led to critical reflections on the blighted urban infrastruc-tures and called for re-stimulating vital urban places.Especially,the metro has been recognized as the backbone infrastructure for urban mobility and the associated economy agglomeration.To date,limited research has been devoted to investigating the relationship between metro vitality and built environment in mega-cities empirically.This paper presents a multisource urban data-driven approach to quantify the metro vibrancy and its association with the underlying built environment.Massive smart card data is processed to extract metro ridership,which denotes the vibrancy around the metro station in physical space.Social media check-ins are crawled to measure the vitality of metros in virtual spaces.Both physical and virtual vibrancy are integrated into a holistic metro vibrancy metric using an entropy-based weighting method.Certain built environment characteristics,including land use,transportation and buildings are modeled as independent variables.The significant influences of built environ-mental factors on the metro vibrancy are unraveled using the ordinary least square regression and the spatial lag model.With experiments conducted in Shenzhen,Singapore and London,this study comes up with a conclusion that spatial distributions of metro vibrancy metrics in three cities are spatially autocorrelated.The regression analysis suggests that in all the three cities,more affluent urban areas tend to have higher metro virbrancy,while the road density,land use and buildings tend to impact metro vibrancy in only one or two cities.These results demonstrate the relationship between the metro vibrancy and built environment is affected by complex urban contexts.These findings help us to understand metro vibrancy thus make proper policy to re-stimulate the important metro infrastructure in the future.

关键词： Urban vibrancy spatial-autocorrelation spatial lag model smart card data social media

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of silkworm pupa and its allergenicity evaluation by animal model with different immunization routes

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第3期12卷 774-782页

作者： Yan Dai Meijia Huang Yujuan Xu Lixia Mu Jingyan Gao Hongbing Chen Zhihua Wu Anshu Yang Yong Wu Xin Li State key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047China School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047China Sericultural and agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Functional FoodsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhou 510610China Sino-German Joint Research Institute Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047China

Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.

关键词： Silkworm pupa Silkworm pupa peptides Enzymatic hydrolysis Allergenicity Immunization Animal model

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Non-symmetric differentially subordinate martingales and sharp weak-type bounds for Fourier multipliers

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： Meryem Akboudj Yong Jiao Adam Os?kowski School of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications Central South University Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Mechanics University of Warsaw

Let p> 2 be a given exponent.In this paper,we prove,with the best constant,the weak-type(p,p)inequality‖Tmf‖_((Lp,∞)(Rd))≤Cp‖f‖_((Lp)(Rd))for a large class of non-symmetric Fourier multipliers Tmobtained via modulation of jumps of certain Lévy processes.In particular,the estimate holds for appropriate linear combinations of second-order Riesz transforms and skew versions of the Beurling-Ahlfors operator on the complex plane.The proof rests on a novel probabilistic bound for Hilbert-space-valued martingales satisfying a certain non-symmetric subordination principle.Further applications to harmonic functions and Riesz systems on Euclidean domains are indicated.

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