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Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection:From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular diseases Onset

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第4期36卷 565-576页

作者： Eman Teer Danzil E.Joseph Richard H.Glashoff M.Faadiel Essop Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa(CARMA) Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa Division of medical Microbiology&Immunology Department of PathologyStellenbosch University and NHLSCape Town 7505South Africa

Although monocytes and macrophages are key mediators of the innate immune system,the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive immune system in the context of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)*** more attention and research work regarding the innate immune system-especially the role of monocytes and macrophages during early HIV-1 infection-is *** monocytes and tissue macrophages are both susceptible targets of HIV-1 infection,and the early host response can determine whether the nature of the infection becomes pathogenic or *** example,monocytes and macrophages can contribute to the HIV reservoir and viral persistence,and influence the initiation/extension of immune activation and chronic *** the expansion of monocyte subsets(classical,intermediate and non-classical)provide an increased understanding of the crucial role they play in terms of chronic inflammation and also by increasing the risk of coagulation during HIV-1 *** review discusses the role of monocytes and macrophages during HIV-1 pathogenesis,starting from the early response to late dysregulation that occurs as a result of persistent immune activation and chronic *** changes are also linked to downstream targets such as increased coagulation and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： Monocytes Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Persistent immune activation Coagulation Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)

Epidemic of wild-origin H1NX avian influenza viruses in Anhui,China

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 881-890页

作者： Ye Ge Qiu-Cheng Yao Xian-Fu Wang Zhi-Qiang Fan Guo-Hua Deng Hong-Liang Chai Hua-Lan Chen Yu-Ping Hua College of Wildlife Resources Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040Heilongjiang ProvinceChina State key laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina Natural Protection&Management Station of Forestry Department Centre of Anhui Province HefeiAnhui ProvinceChina School of Life Sciences Anqing Normal UniversityAnqingAnhui ProvinceChina

Background:As the natural hosts of avian influenza viruses(AIVs),aquatic and migratory birds provide a gene pool for genetic transfer among species and across species,forming transient“genome constellations.”This work describes the phylogenetic dynamics of H1NX based on the complete molecular characterization of eight genes of viruses that were collected from 2014 to 2015 in Anhui Province,***:Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests were used to determine the hemagglutination(HA)activity of the HA *** entire genomes of the viruses were sequenced on an ABI PRISM 3500xl DNA *** sequences were genetically analysed to study their genetic evolution using DNASTAR and MEGA *** pathogenic effects of the viruses were evaluated using mouse infection ***:Seven strains of the H1 subtype avian influenza virus were *** analysis indicated natural recombination of the H1 influenza viruses between the Eurasian lineage and the North American *** genes had high sequence identity with A/bean goose/Korea/220/2011(H9N2),which is a typical case involving viral reassortment between the Eurasian lineage and the North American *** results of infection experiments in mice showed that the viruses could acquire the ability to multiply in mouse respiratory organs without ***:These findings suggest that continued surveillance of wild birds,particularly migratory birds,is important to provide early warning of possible H1 influenza epidemics and to understand the ecology of the virus.

关键词： H1N1 Anseriformes Epidemic Phylogenetic Pathogenic

Retrospective Demographic Analysis of Neurovascular Syndrome—Secondary to: A) Endemic Subacute (Fruits Borne) viral Infection, Consequent to Global Aborted Blood, Contraceptives Menstrual Blood Pollution;B) Consumption of Waterliving Toxinous Mammals

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune diseases 2020年第1期10卷 24-38页

作者： Elizabeth Jeya Vardhini Samuel Darmalingam Subbaian Surianarayanan Natarajan Ramalingam, Celestine Raj Manohar Karpagam Faculty of medical Sciences and Research Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

15 patients after the middle of 2018, during the initial onset of the epidemic of identified Nipah viral infection (fruits borne virus) in adjacent state, presented with fever, acute coma, delirium, movement disorders, required referral to district headquarters hospital, for virology confirmation, and management. 135 mostly afebrile patients, who refused referral to government hospital, for virology confirmation, presented with symptoms of mainly subacute pan encephalitis, over the past 14 months;90% presented with conglomeration of vertigo, staring, personality changes, imbalance in gait, difficulty to walk, bilateral drooling of saliva, tremors, confusion, altered sensorium, nausea, vomiting;83% presented with dysarthria, 28% presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure-mimicking accelerated, malignant hypertensive emergencies, bradycardia, vomiting;decreased vision in 4.6%, myoclonic jerks in 58%, choreoathetosis in 8%. All of them could not afford INR 10000 for virology confirmation. Fruits borne viral subacute pan encephalitis, can present as subacute neurovascular syndrome, simulating ischemic stroke, mediated by Hapten triggered autoimmune angiopathy (blood borne) with resultant bilateral, asymmetrical multifocal, infarcts, cerebritis with consequent edema, requiring recognition, successful treatment with acyclovir, antiedema, antiepileptic measures and not antiplatelets, since the etiology is inflammatory and not degenerative. Promoting awareness to steam cook, pressure cook, cook with coconut oil (pie) fruits, steaming fresh fruit juices, before consumption will prevent incidence of fruits borne, tobacco leaves borne, and endemic viral infection. Economical screening card tests for Nipah fruits borne virus, will enable early detection, authenticate notification, early recognition treatment of subacute pan encephalitis presenting as neurovascular syndrome, mimicking ischemic stroke Global aborted blood pollution, contraceptive menstrual blood poll

关键词： Subacute Pan Encephalitis Neurovascular Syndrome Autoimmune Vasculitis/Angiopathy

Monkeypox virus(MPXV):A Brief account of global spread,epidemiology,virology,clinical features,pathogenesis,and therapeutic interventions

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第4期2卷 262-272页

作者： Md Aminul Islam Jubayer Mumin Md Masudul Haque MdAzizul Haque Ahrar Khan Prosun Bhattacharya Md Atiqul Haque Advanced Molecular Lab Department of MicrobiologyPresident Abdul Hamid Medical CollegeKarimganj 2310Bangladesh COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab Department of MicrobiologyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhali 3814Bangladesh Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department of Public Health North South UniversityDhaka 1229Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of AgricultureHajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur 5200Bangladesh Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College Weifang 261061China COVID-19 Research@KTH Department of Sustainable DevelopmentEnvironmental Science and EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden key laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100019China Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal ScienceHajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur 5200Bangladesh

The largest monkeypox virus(MPXV)outbreak of the 21st century occurred in 2022,which caused epidemics in many *** to WHO,physical contact with infected persons,contaminated surfaces,or affected animals might be a source of this virus transmission.A febrile sickness including few symptoms found in MPX *** rash,lesions,fever,headache,fatigue,and muscle aches symptoms were observed commonly for this *** and in vitro,studies have shown that the antiviral medications cidofovir and brincidofovir are effective against *** first-generation vaccinia virus vaccine was developed in 1960,and it helped to protect against MPXV with its side effects.A second-generation vaccination with limitations was launched in ***,the CDC advised vaccinations for risk groups in endemic countries,including positive patients and hospital *** JYNNEOS vaccine,administered in 2 doses,also provides protection from *** article presents concisely the most recent findings regarding epidemiology,genomic transmission,signs and symptoms,pathogenesis,diagnosis,and therapeutic interventions for MPXV,which may be helpful to researchers and *** declared that MPX was no longer a global health emergency due to its declining case rate,and a number of countries have reported new *** research-based investigations must be carried out based on the 2022 outbreak.

关键词： Monkeypox(MPX) Monkeypox virus(MPXV) Epidemiology Zoonotic diseases Re-emerging viruses Genomic dissemination Vaccination and Treatment

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide transmission based on evolutionary dynamics and specific viral mutations in the spike protein

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2021年第4期10卷 3-17页

作者： Jiluo Liu Xi Chen Yan Liu Jiansheng Lin Jiaying Shen Hongwei Zhang Jianhua Yin Rui Pu Yibo Ding Guangwen Cao Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical University800 Xiangyin RoadShanghai 200433China

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is ***,the origins and global transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2 remain largely *** aimed to characterize the origination and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 based on evolutionary ***:Using the full-length sequences of SARS-CoV-2 with intact geographic,demographic,and temporal information worldwide from the GISAID database during 26 December 2019 and 30 November 2020,we constructed the transmission tree to depict the evolutionary process by the R package"outbreaker".The affinity of the mutated receptor-binding region of the spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)was predicted using mCSM-PPI2 *** infectivity and antigenicity were tested in ACE2-transfected HEK293T cells by pseudovirus transfection and neutralizing antibody ***:From 26 December 2019 to 8 March 2020,early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic,SARS-CoV-2 strains identified worldwide were mainly composed of three clusters:the Europe-based cluster including two USA-based subclusters;the Asia-based cluster including isolates in China,Japan,the USA,Singapore,Australia,Malaysia,and Italy;and the USA-based *** SARS-CoV-2 strains identified in the USA formed four independent clades while those identified in China formed one *** 8 March 2020,the clusters of SARS-CoV-2 strains tended to be independent and became"pure"in each of the major ***-two of 60 mutations in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were predicted to increase the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to *** all predicted mutants,the number of E484K was the largest one with 86585 sequences,followed by S477N with 55442 sequences *** more than ten countries,the frequencies of the isolates with E484K and S477N increased significantly.V367F and N354D mutations increased the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses(P<0.001).SA

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary dynamics Transmission

Study of liver cirrhosis over ten consecutive years in Southern China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13546-13555页

作者： Xing Wang Shang-Xiong Lin Jin Tao Xiu-Qing Wei Yuan-Ting Liu Yu-Ming Chen Bin Wu Department of Gastroenterology The Third Affiliated Hos-pital of Sun Yat-sen University Statistics Room Information SectionCentral Hospital of Panyu District School of Public Health Zhongshan Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University

AIM: To investigate the etiology and complications of liver cirrhosis (LC) in Southern China.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Epidemiology Etiology Complication Hepatocellular carcinoma Southern China

Animal models for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 pathogenesis,transmission and therapeutic evaluation

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World Journal of virology 2022年第1期11卷 40-56页

作者： Udhaya Bharathy Saravanan Mayurikaa Namachivayam Rajesh Jeewon Jian-Dong Huang Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Department of Microbiology School of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduTiruvarur 610005India Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of MauritiusReduit 80837Mauritius CAS key laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina

There is a critical need to develop animal models to alleviate vaccine and drug development difficulties against zoonotic viral *** coronavirus family,which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,crossed the species barrier and infected humans,causing a global outbreak in the 21st *** humans do not have pre-existing immunity against these viral infections and with ethics governing clinical trials,animal models are therefore being used in clinical studies to facilitate drug discovery and testing efficacy of *** ideal animal models should reflect the viral replication,clinical signs,and pathological responses observed in *** animal species should be tested to establish an appropriate animal model to study the disease pathology,transmission and evaluation of novel vaccine and drug candidates to treat coronavirus disease *** this context,the present review summarizes the recent progress in developing animal models for these two pathogenic viruses and highlights the utility of these models in studying SARS-associated coronavirus diseases.

关键词： Animal models SARS-CoV-1 SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Mice Hamster Non-human primates Pathogenesis Transmission Therapeutics

Incidence and factors associated with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV/HIV during antiretroviral therapy in Guangdong,China

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Chinese medical Journal 2023年第22期136卷 2686-2693页

作者： Yaozu He Weiyin Lin Hong Li Fei Gu Huolin Zhong Yun Lan Yonghong Li Pengle Guo Fengyu Hu Weiping Cai Xiaoping Tang Linghua Li Infectious Disease Center Guangzhou Eighth People’s HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510060China

Background:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is vital for a functional cure of hepatitis B virus(HBV)***,the incidence and predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)remain largely unknown in Guangdong,***:Between 2009 and 2019,patients co-infected with HBV/HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy(ART)in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou medical University were retrospectively reviewed with the endpoint on December 31,*** incidence and risk factors for HBsAg seroclearance were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression ***:A total of 1550 HBV/HIV co-infected patients were included in the study,with the median age of 42 years and 86.0%(1333/1550)***,98.3%(1524/1550)received ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)plus lamivudine(3TC).HBV DNA was examined in 1283 cases at the last *** the median 4.7 years of follow-up,8.1%(126/1550)patients achieved HBsAg seroclearance,among whom 50.8%(64/126)obtained hepatitis B surface antibody,28.1%(137/488)acquired hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion,and 95.9%(1231/1283)undetectable HBV *** with patients who maintained HBsAg positive,cases achieving HBsAg seroclearance showed no differences in age,gender,CD4+T cell count,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level,or fibrosis status;however,they presented lower HBV DNA levels,lower HBsAg levels,and higher rates of HBV genotype B at the *** analysis showed that baseline HBsAg2×upper limit of normal during the first six months after receiving ART(aHR,2.96,95%CI:1.53-5.77),and HBV genotype B(aHR,3.73,95%CI:1.46-9.59)were independent predictors for HBsAg seroclearance(all P<0.01).Conclusions:Long-term TDF-containing ART has high anti-HBV efficacy including relatively high overa

关键词： HBV/HIV co-infection HBsAg seroclearance Predictor ALT elevation HBV genotype Hepatitis B surface antigens Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Epizootic, Endemic and Pandemic Zoonotic viral Infections

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第3期10卷 90-96页

作者： Shravan Singh Rathore Hem Singh Gehlot Gyan Prakash Jayashree S. Nandi Wildlife Institute of India GIB-CB Project Sam-Jaisalmer India Department of Zoology JNV University Jodhpur India Machiya Biological Park Post Office Saran Nagar Jodhpur India National Institute of virology (Past) Pune India Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Past) Bronx New York USA

More than 60% human infectious diseases have zoonotic origin. Cross species transmission of pathogens is a continuous, dynamic process that occurs throughout the world, giving rise to epizootic (temporary, limited infection), endemic (on-going infection limited to a defined geographic region) and pandemic viral infections (infection spreading to every part of the world) like the current COVID-19 pandemic, which depends on the existing conditions on the ground. In Nov 2021, sudden mortality of numerous migrating demoiselle cranes was reported from their resting site near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The symptomatic cranes became gradually weak and were unable to fly. They eventually fell dead which caused concern locally, given the current prevailing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation the world over. By the end of Dec 2021, the number of cranes with mortality and morbidity reduced, making it a temporary “epizootic infection”. Molecular diagnosis carried out at a specialized laboratory identified the etiological agent to be the highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 (HPAIV), which has been responsible for morbidity of avian species from different parts of the world. There was no report of spreading the H5N1 AIV infection from the infected migratory cranes to nearby chicken farms or pig farms for now. In the absence of vaccines against the highly pathogenic H5N1 AIVs, and the inherent ability of influenza viruses, both avian AIV and human IAVs to constantly mutate its envelope gene or the surface antigens, resulting from the error-prone nature of the viral RNA Polymerase enzyme are the roadblocks for development of a universal, broad-spectrum influenza vaccine. Even when such a universal vaccine against H5N1 is available, vaccinating a large number of wild migratory cranes would be difficult. However, it is possible and indeed necessary to vaccinate chickens in poultry farms and pigs in farms that raise pigs for human consumption.

关键词： Zoonotic Pathogens Natural Infection Anthroponosis Migratory Birds Across Countries Aquatic Demoiselle Cranes viral Infectious diseases