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Co-planted barnyardgrass reduces rice yield by inhibiting plant above-and belowground-growth during post-heading stages

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1198-1207页

作者： Zichang Zhang Jingjing Cao Tao Gu Xia Yang Qiong Peng Lianyang Bai Yongfeng Li Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding BaseNanjing 210014JiangsuChina Biotechnology Research Center Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is the most common noxious weed in rice paddies as it inhibits rice growth and reduces grain *** date,little information is available on above-and belowgroundgrowth changes in rice due to neighboring *** study aimed to investigate the changes in root traits and shoot growth of rice when it is grown with different kinds of *** rice plants (*** 9108) were co-cultured with two varieties of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.(EP,*** (pursh) Petern;EH,*** (H.B.K.) Hitchc),and *** (L.) Link (EL) in the field in 2017 and *** treatments included control (i.e.,weed free rice plants) and co-cultures with each of three barnyardgrasses (EP,EH,and EL).The results revealed that EP,EH,and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%,42.5%–46.5%,and 10.6%–14.3%,*** growth including shoot dry weight,leaf photosynthetic rate,zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains,and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains and root traits,such as length density,root dry weight,total absorbing surface area,active absorption surface area,oxidation activity,and Z+ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of ***,above-mentioned rice shoot growth indices were strongly and positively correlated with root *** results suggested the decrease in rice shoot growth and root traits during post-heading stages contributes to the reduction in the rice yield when it grows with barnyardgrass neighbors.

关键词： Rice Barnyardgrass Grain yield Root traits Shoot traits

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Protective Role of Ca Against NaCl Toxicity in Jerusalem Artichoke by Up-Regulation of Antioxidant Enzymes

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Pedosphere 2008年第6期18卷 766-774页

作者： XUE Yan-Feng LIU Ling LIU Zhao-Pu S. K. MEHTA ZHAO Geng-Mao Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China）. state key laboratory breeding base Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210014 （China） Department of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China）

The ameliorative effect of external Ca^2＋ on Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus L.） under salt stress was studied through biochemical and physiological analyses of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings treated with or without 10 mol L^-1 CaCl2, 150 mmol L^-1 NaCl, and/or 5 mmol L^-1 ethylene-bis（oxyethylenenitrilo）-tetraacetic acid （EGTA） for five days. Exposure to NaC1 （150 mmol L^-1） decreased growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings. NaC1 treatment showed 59% and 37% higher lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, respectively, than the control. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） were decreased by NaCl, indicating an impeded antioxidant defense mechanism of Jerusalem artichoke grown under salt stress. Addition of 10 mmol L^-1 CaCl2 to the salt solutions significantly decreased the damaging effect of NaC1 on growth and chlorophyll content and simultaneously restored the rate of photosynthesis almost to the level of the control. Ca^2＋ addition decreased the leaf malondialdehyde （MDA） content and electrolyte leakage from NaCl-treated seedlings by 47% and 24%, respectively, and significantly improved the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in NaCl-treated plants. Addition of EGTA, a specific chelator of Ca2＋, decreased the growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis, and increased level of MDA and electrolyte leakage from NaCl-treated plants and from the control plants. EGTA addition to the growth medium also repressed the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in NaCl-treated and control seedlings. External Ca2＋ might protect Jerusalem artichoke against NaC1 stress by up-regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thereby decreasing the oxidative stress.

关键词： antioxidant enzymes calcium Jerusalem artichoke lipid peroxidation salt stress

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Stable-isotope probing of bacterial community for dissolved inorganic carbon utilization in Microcystis aeruginosa-dominated eutrophic water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 264-272页

作者： Weiguo Zhang Jiangye Li Chengcheng Wang Xue Zhou Yan Gao Zhongjun Jia Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences key lab of food quality and safety of jiangsu province-state key laboratory breeding base China Ministry of Agriculture key laboratory at Yangtze River Plain for Agricultural Environment College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) is an important source of carbon in aquatic ecosystems,especially under conditions of increased frequency of cyanobacterial bloom. However, the importance of bacteria in direct or indirect utilization of DIC has been widely overlooked in eutrophic freshwater. To identify the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater during cyanobacterial bloom, stable-isotope probing(SIP) experiments were conducted on eutrophic river water with or without inoculation with cyanobacteria(Microcystis aeruginosa). Our 16 S rRNA sequencing results revealed the significance of Betaproteobacteria, with similar relative abundance as Alphaproteobacteria, in the active assimilation of H^(13)CO^(3-) into their DNA directly or indirectly, which include autotrophic genera Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Other bacterial groups containing autotrophic members, e.g. Planctomycetes and Nitrospira, also presented higher abundance among free-living bacteria in water without cyanobacteria. Microcystis aggregates showed a preference for some specific bacterial members that may utilize H^(13)CO^(3-) metabolized by Microcystis as organic matter, e.g. Bacteroidetes(Cytophagales, Sphingobacteriales), and microcystindegrading bacteria Betaproteobacteria(Paucibacter/Burkholderiaceae). This study provides some valuable information regarding the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater.

关键词： Dissolved inorganic carbon Stable isotope probing Eutrophication Microcystis aeruginosa

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Phage displayed domain antibody mimics for pyrethroid and its application in immunoassay

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 235-240页

作者： Yanyan Zhao Ying Liang Yuan Liu Sicong Tu Shengming Zhao Xianjin Liu Kang Tu School of food Science and technology Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiang 453003China key laboratory of food quality and safety of jiangsu province-state key laboratory breeding base Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and QualityMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition ResearchJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China College of food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China School of Medical Sciences University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Anti-idiotypic antibodies which can mimic antigens have many potential applications in the *** research used the monoclonal antibody of the conserved chemical region of pyrethroids,3-phenoxybenzoic acid(PBA),and the domain antibody library to develop an environmentally-friendly immunoassay for the detection of *** domain antibodies(A8,B8,and C6)which bound to anti-PBA monoclonal antibody(MAb)were isolated from a naive phage display human domain antibody *** domain antibody is cloneable,pyrethroid-free,and applicable as a competitive mimetic antigen in the *** best immunoassay was achieved using A8,resulting in IC50 of 0.714μg/mL for PBA,1.775μg/mL for Cypermethrin,1.624μg/mL forβ-cypermethrin,3.675μg/mL for Fenvalerate,and 4.895μg/mL for *** way of selecting anti-idiotypic antibodies to detect pyrethroids could provide potential applications in developing immunoassays for identifying various chemical contaminants in food.

关键词： domain antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay phenoxybenzoic acid pyrethroid

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Degradation of Chlorpyrifos and Fipronil in Rice from Farm to Fork and Risk Assessment

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 754-763页

作者： ZHANG Cun-zheng ZHANG Xin-ming TIAN Zi-hua HE Dan-jun LIU Xian-jin Institute of food safety Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Management Ministry of Agriculture/Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base Nanjing 210014 P.R. China Nanjing Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210036 P.R.China Nanjing Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing 210003 P.R.China Taicang Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products Taicang 215412 P.R.China

Degradation of pesticide residues （chlorpyrifos and fipronil） in rice from farm to fork and risk assessment for human health were studied to reveal the magnitude of risks faced by different populations of interest, so that appropriate measures can be taken to control the risks, and to refine and update the human health risk assessment data while helping to determine the maximum residue level （MRL） value and harvest interval. Different dosages and treatments were used in field trials for the harvest residue test. Residue levels of postharvest-applied chlorpyrifos and fipronil during storage, exposure to sunlight, washing and boiling processes （boiled rice） were investigated for brown rice. The dietary exposure evaluation model （DEEM） was employed to estimate acute and chronic risks faced by different populations of interest. Percent of reference dose （POR） and margin of exposure （MOE） were calculated. A positive correlation between pesticide residues and the dosage and application frequency of pesticide was found in the field trials. Risk quotients indicate that multiple applications and double dosages of chlorpyrifos increase the risks to the entire population and prolong exposures to toxic concentrations. The concentration of pesticide residues decreased as a function of time, after sunlight exposure, storage, washing, and boiling processes. 91.6 and 96.16% degradations were achieved at the end of the experimental period for fipronil and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The boiling process played an important role in the degradation of these pesticides. The result of risk assessment to human health showed that harvest residues of chlorpyrifos in rice and acute dietary risks of chlopyrifos were of concern. The acute dietary （food only） risk estimated for chlorpyrifos as percent of acute population adjusted dose （aPAD） was frequently over 100%. The risk faced by boys under the age of 14 was higher than that for girls of the same age. For the subpopulation above age 14, th

关键词： rice risk assessment pesticide residue chlorpyrifos fipronil

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Efficient Regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Brassica napus Cultivar Qingza No.5

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第3期5卷 48-53,56页

作者： Yajing XIE Aihua WU Xianjin LIU key laboratory of food quality and safety of jiangsu province/state key laboratory breeding base/key laboratory of Control Technology and Standards for quality and safety of Agricultural Products the Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Food QualitySafety and DetectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sci-encesNanjing 210014China College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Using the hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of Brassica napus L. cuhivar Qingza No. 5 as receptors, hormone combinations in bud differentiation medi- um, bud growth medium and rooting medium were optimized to establish an efficient plantlet regeneration system of B. napus cuhivar Qingza No. 5. The results showed that the highest differentiation efficiency of hypocotyls of B. napus cuhivar Qingza No. 5 reached about 90%, which was three times that of cotyledons. The appropriate differentiation medium was MSB ＋ 5 mg/L thidiazuron （TDZ）＋7.5 mg/L AgNO3 ＋ 0.1 mg/L NAA ＋ 2 mg/L proline （L-pro）＋ 250 mg/L casein acid hydrolysate （CH）＋ 3% sucrose; the appropriate growth medium was 1/2 MSB ＋ 1 mg/L IBA ＋ 2 mg/L L-pro ＋ 250 mg/L CH ＋ 1.5% sucrose; the ap- propriate rooting medium was 1/2 MSB ＋ 0.2 mg/L IAA ＋ 1.5% sucrose. On this basis, a binary expression vector harboring insect resistance gene B12 was constructed and introduced into B. napus hypocotyls by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Positive plants were screened using hygromycin and carbenicillin. Transgenic plants were verified by PCR and GUS histochemical staining. The results showed that insect resistance gene B12 was successfully integrated into the nu- clear genome of B. napus plants and could be expressed normally. Leaves of transgenic plants with high expression levels were collected for indoor inoculation test with Plutella xylotella larvae to evaluate insect resistance of transgenic plants.

关键词： words Brassica napus L. Efficient regeneration from hypocotyls Agrobacterium-mediated transformation Insect resistance genes GUS staining Transgenicplants

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Interaction Between the Ginger Soft Rot Pathogen Pythium myriotylum and the Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum

Interaction Between the Ginger Soft Rot Pathogen Pythium myr...

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中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： Paul Daly Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh ZHOU Dongmei ZHANG Jinfeng CHEN Siqiao DENG Sheng Irina Druzhinina WEI Lihui key lab of food quality and safety of jiangsu province-state key laboratory breeding base Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences jiangsu Provincial key lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization Fungal Genomics GroupNanjing Agricultural University School of Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University

The use of natural antagonistic microorganisms, such asPythium oligandrum, is a promising environmentally friendly approach to biologically control Pythium soft-rot disease of ginger(Zingiber officinale) caused by Pythium myriotylum.A critical part to improve the efficiency of biocontrol applications is to understand both the mechanisms of action of ***, and the mechanisms by which *** *** antagonism involves hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases and proteases, and recently we uncovered a role for *** — produced volatile organic compounds in antagonism of *** effects of these mechanisms are obvious from major morphological and cytological damage to *** of the response of *** to *** proteases appears to involve upregulation of protease ***, in response to *** volatile compounds,*** initially showed a strong upregulation of putative detoxification-related genes that was not maintained at later ***, the responses of *** to *** suggest ways to reduce the ability of *** to defend against and counter-antagonise ***( e.g., by targeting *** protease inhibitors or detoxification genes), and thus improve the efficiency of ***-mediated ginger disease control.

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Insights into the broad-host range plant pathogen Pythium myriotylum（Oomycota）and biocontrol of soft-rot disease of ginger

Insights into the broad-host range plant pathogen Pythium my...

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中国植物病理学会2021年学术年会

作者： PAUL Daly ZHOU Dongmei SHEN Danyu ZHANG Qimeng CHEN Siqiao XUE Taiqiang CHEN Yifan Jamie McGowan David Fitzpatrick DENG Sheng LI Jingjing Irina DRUZHININA WEI Lihui key lab of food quality and safety of jiangsu province-state key laboratory breeding base Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University jiangsu Provincial key lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization Fungal Genomics GroupNanjing Agricultural University School of Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Genome Evolution laboratory Maynooth UniversityCo.Kildare

Pythium myriotylum is a major pathogen infecting ginger（Zingiber officinale） rhizomes in China with symptoms of Pythium soft rot（PSR） *** is an important crop with global production estimated at approximately three million metric tonnes with about 20% of this production in *** genome of a relatively highly virulent *** strain isolated from an infected ginger rhizome was *** genome encodes one of the largest repertoires of pathogenesis-related genesamongst Pythium species,and the expansion in these genes appears to be due to tandem *** the putative effectors,a subset of the NEP1-like toxin protein（NLP） effectors was highly upregulated during the infection of ginger leaves,and can induce necrosis in *** *** oomycete biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum as well as Trichoderma *** control PSR of ginger caused by ***-transcriptomic analysis of the interaction between *** and highlighted potential defensive responses of *** such as the upregulation of protease inhibitors and *** genome highlights the potential of the large repertoire of pathogenesis-related genes to contribute to the broad host range of ***,and biocontrol by *** of PSR of ginger is a promising strategy.

关键词： PSR Pythium myriotylum Pythium oligandrum Genome

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Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 Mediates Inflammatory Responses to the Hemorrhagic Coli Pilus(HCP)of *** O157:H7

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 Mediates Inflammatory Responses t...

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第六届中国兽药大会

作者： Zhang Xuehan Zhang Bicheng Sun Xiaohan He Kongwang Institute of Veterinary Medicine Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences key laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses key lab of food quality and safety of jiangsu province-state key laboratory breeding base

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli(EHEC)O157:H7 infections are associated with hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome(HUS).EHEC O157:H7 produces long bundles of type Ⅳ pili(TFP)calle

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Insights into triterpene synthesis and unsaturated fatty-acid accumulation provided by chromosomallevel genome analysis of Akebia trifoliata subsp . australis

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 419-433页

作者： Hui Huang Juan Liang Qi Tan Linfeng Ou Xiaolin Li Caihong Zhong Huilin Huang Ian Max Moller Xianjin Wu Songquan Song key lab oratory of Resea rch and Utilizati on of Eth nomedic inal Pla nt Reso ur ces of Hunan province College of Biological and Food EngineeringHuaihua UniversityHuaihua 418000China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Scie ncesKunming 650201China state key lab oratory Br eed ing base of Dao-di Herbs National Resource Center for Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceBeijing 100700China Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus UniversityFlakkebjergDK-4200 SlagelseDenmark Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Akebia trifoliata *** is a well-known medicinal and potential woody oil plant in *** limited genetic information available for *** *** has hindered its ***,a high-quality chromosomelevel genome sequence of *** *** is *** de novo genome assembly of 682.14 Mb was generated with a scaffold N50 of 43.11 *** genome includes 25,598 protein-coding genes,and 71.18%(485.55 Mb)of the assembled sequences were identi fi ed as repetitive *** ongoing massive burst of long terminal repeat(LTR)insertions,which occurred~1.0 million years ago,has contributed a large proportion of LTRs in the genome of *** *** analysis shows that *** *** is closely related to Aquilegia coerulea and forms a clade with Papaver somniferum and Nelumbo nucifera,which supports the well-established hypothesis of a close relationship between basal eudicot *** expansion of UDP-glucoronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase gene families and fi-amyrin synthase-like genes and the exclusive contraction of terpene synthase gene families may be responsible for the abundant oleanane-type triterpenoids in *** ***,the acyl-ACP desaturase gene family,including 12 stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase(SAD)genes,has expanded exclusively.A combined transcriptome and fatty-acid analysis of seeds at fi ve developmental stages revealed that homologs of SADs,acyl-lipid desaturase omega fatty acid desaturases(FADs),and oleosins were highly expressed,consistent with the rapid increase in the content of fatty acids,especially unsaturated fatty *** genomic sequences of *** *** will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analyses and molecular breeding.

关键词： analysis saturated expanded

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