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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 1-23页

作者： CHEN Zhifeng JIA Li YIN Liaofei DANG Chao REN Honglei ZHANG Zhiqiang Beijing key laboratory of Flow and Heat transfer of Phase Changing in Micro and Small Scale School of MechanicalElectronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong University

Li-ion battery is an essential component and energy storage unit for the evolution of electric vehicles and energy storage technology in the ***,in order to cope with the temperature sensitivity of Li-ion battery and maintain Li-ion battery safe operation,it is of great necessary to adopt an appropriate battery thermal management system(BTMS).In this paper,the current main BTM strategies and research hotspots were discussed from two aspects:small-scale battery module and large-scale electrochemical energy storage power station(EESPS).The practical application situation,advantages and disadvantages,and the future development trend of each heat dissipation method(air,liquid,PCM,heat pipe,hybrid cooling) were described in *** them,the air cooling and liquid cooling were reviewed in-depth based on the engineering *** PCM,heat pipe and hybrid cooling were reviewed extensively based on the latest *** research provides a comprehensive understanding for the BTMS in all scales.

关键词： battery thermal management cooling methods large-scale electrochemical energy storage power station small-scale battery module

A kinetic study and factor analysis of solar thermochemical membrane reactors for syngas production

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第1期 207-221页

作者： Jiaxin XING Chao XU Xiangyu SUN Xin XIA Fei JIN Qiongqiong JIANG Jiale GAO key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of MOE School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Department of Chemistry University College London School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion TechnologyState Ethnic Affairs CommissionNorth Minzu University

Solar thermochemical conversion technologies are promising for effectively utilizing solar energy by capturing the full spectrum of solar radiation. To overcome the challenges of low energy conversion efficiency and intermittency faced by solar thermochemical conversion, these technologies can be effectively integrated with membrane reactor technology. Although the performance of solar thermochemical membrane reactors has been experimentally tested, the chemical reactions and oxygen transport mechanisms during the energy conversion process remain poorly understood. This study introduces a resistance network model to elucidate the interactions between interfacial reactions and bulk diffusion during simultaneous oxidationreduction reactions on both sides of the membrane. We analyzed the oxygen flux of the membrane reactor under various operating conditions using this model to identify the reaction/transport-limiting side of the overall process. The most effective solar membrane reactor configuration utilizes natural gas and CO2, facilitating clean conversion of fossil fuels with significant advantages in fuel production and energy efficiency. Introducing CH4lowers the overall reaction temperature, maintains low oxygen partial pressure on the sweep side, and produces a synthesis gas with a 2:1 H2/CO molar ratio. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was used to explore the relationship between overall fuel production performance and operational parameters,highlighting the critical role of this research in enhancing the reaction and transport performance of membrane reactors and advancing the development of solar-driven thermochemical fuel production technologies.

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An investigation on topologies of hybrid manifold,impinging-jet nozzle and micro-pin-fin heat sinks

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1061-1076页

作者： SHI QianLei YAO XiaoLe LIU Qian QIN Le JU Xing XU Chao key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of MOE North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The hybrid manifold micro-pin-fin(MMPF)heat sink combined nozzle jets is an option for large-scale integrated circuits(LSI).The demond for uniform and ultra-high heat flux removal by MMPF heat sink has not been adequately *** work aims to solve the problem of fluid *** proposed basic tiling topologies,including square,regular hexagon,30°rhombus,and 60°rhombus topologies,provide different organized fluid flows and heat transfer *** present study focuses on comparing these topologies according to independent porous medium parameters,such as nozzle pore size D_(Z),flow pore size D_(X,Y),and porosityε.The results show that the square topology achieves the smallest total thermal resistance R_(tot)value of0.0975×10^(-4)K m^2/W,while the hexagon topology achieved the highest value of COP/?T,which was 2033.9 K^(-1).According to the sensitivity analysis results,the optimal total thermal resistance can be obtained by balancing the influences of nozzle pore size,flow pore size,and *** optimal pressure drop can be obtained by maximizing the porosity.

关键词： heat sink ultra-high heat flux manifold micro-pin-fin impinging-jet topology

An investigation on application potentiality of microstructure heat sinks with different flow topological morphology

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2895-2909页

作者： YAO XiaoLe SHI QianLei LIU Qian QIN Le JU Xing XU Chao key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of MOE North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Microstructure heat sinks have great potential for high heat flux *** this paper,we compared microchannel(MC),micro-pin-fin(MPF),manifold microchannel(MMC),and manifold micro-pin-fin(MMPF)heat sinks to figure out the pros and *** flow and manifold unit models are used to study thermal and hydrodynamic *** heat sinks with different channel/fin sizes,manifold numbers,and porosities are discussed according to the pressure drop,temperature,thermal resistance,and coefficient of *** show that MMC and MMPF heat sinks are superior to MC and MPF heat sinks,and there are also differences between MMC and MMPF heat ***,the MMPF heat sink has lower maximum temperature,temperature non-uniformity,and total thermal resistance R_(tot).In contrast,the MMC heat sink has a lower pressure drop and higher *** the MMPF heat sink,at the nozzle width of 6.75μm and the MPF width of 70.71μm(porosity=0.167),it achieves the lowest total thermal resistance of R_(tot)=2.97×10^(-6)K m^(2)/*** 10^(3)W/cm^(2)heat flux,the maximum surface temperature rise is 29.74 K,and the maximum temperature difference of the heating surface is 3.15 *** research initially provides a clear reference on the selection of single-phase cooling microstructures for ultra-high heat flux dissipation.

关键词： heat sink topology manifold microchannel micro-pin-fin high heat flux

energy-efficient intermittent liquid heating of lithium-ion batteries in extreme cold using phase change materials

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 3450-3464页

作者： LI KaiXuan ZHANG JingShu YAO XiaoLe HUANG ZiZe LI WenLong JU Xing XU Chao key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of MOE North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries significantly deteriorates in extreme ***,to ensure battery safety under various conditions,various heating and insulation strategies are *** present study proposes a hybrid heating approach combining active heating with passive *** experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phase change materials(PCMs),inlet water temperature,and intermittent pump startup strategies on battery *** obtained experimental results demonstrate that low temperatures lead to increased electrochemical impedance and reduced charge–discharge capacity in ***,charge transfer resistance of 162 mΩwas observed at-30℃.Herein,the developed PCM-based battery heating system effectively extended the operational capacity of batteries in cold driving conditions and maintained battery warmth by leveraging the superior heat storage capability of the ***,after the switch off of the heating system,the charge capacity of the battery exceeded 80%owing to latent *** use of an intermittent heating strategy not only allowed to conserve energy but also maintained adequate heat storage within the battery ***-30℃,this strategy enhanced the power efficiency of the cooling system by 35.94%with a reduction in capacity of only 0.8%compared to the continuous strategy.

关键词： PCM liquid heating heating strategy lithium-ion battery low energy consumption extreme cold environment

Combustion and Self-Desulfurization Characterization of Blended Low-Rank Coals for Improved Resource Utilization in Fluidized Bed Boilers

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1242-1256页

作者： SU Lipeng ZHANG Cong ZHANG Yongsheng WANG Tao WANG Jiawei key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system Ministry of EducationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

The co-combustion of low-rank coals through fluidized bed boiler(CFB)is an effective approach to enhance the level of resource *** date,there has been a lack of investigation concerning the co-combustion kinetics and self-desulfurization characteristics of coal slime,coal gangue,and raw *** this study,we adopted multiple model-free and model-fitting methods to comparatively analyze co-combustion kinetics of blended coals on the basis of thermogravimetric ***,the sulfur balance and self-desulfurization of blended coals in the co-combustion were intensively investigated using a tube furnace *** results reveal that in the presence of coal gangue in blended coals,the average activation energy(E_(a))falls within the range of 65.7 kJ/mol to 100.4 kJ/mol,as determined by four model-free ***,in the absence of coal gangue,only the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)and Friedman(FM)methods are deemed appropriate for calculating the average E_(a),yielding a value of 77.3 kJ/*** first order reaction model is confirmed to be reliable for analyzing the co-combustion kinetics of low-rank blended *** of the specific composition of the blended coal,a significant linear correlation exists between the Ea and the natural logarithm of the pre-exponential factor(lnA)within an extensive range of ***,the addition of coal gangue to the blended coal substantially enhances the self-desulfurization level,resulting in an increase from 25.7%to60.7%at 1073 *** self-desulfurization efficiency exhibits a good linear relationship with both the mass ratio of coal gangue to coal slime and the molar ratio of calcium to *** a practical implementation,the optimal addition ratio of coal gangue is a trade-off between the self-desulfurization efficiency and the ignition capacity.

关键词： coal slime coal gangue fluidized bed boilers self-desulfurization resource utilization

Numerical investigation of water and temperature distributions in a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第7期64卷 1555-1566页

作者： WANG ZhiMing XU Chao WANG XueYe LIAO ZhiRong DU XiaoZe key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of MOE School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

A three-dimensional, non-isothermal, two-phase model for a PEM water electrolysis cell(PEMEC) is established in this *** effective connection between two-phase transport and performance in the PEMECs is built through coupling the liquid water saturation and temperature in the charge conservation equation. The distributions of liquid water and temperature with different operating(voltage, temperature, inlet velocity) and physical(contact angle, and porosity of anode gas diffusion layer) parameters are examined and discussed in detail. The results show that the water and temperature distributions, which are affected by the operating and physical parameters, have a combined effect on the cell performance. The effects of various parameters on the PEMEC are of interaction and restricted mutually. As the voltage increases, the priority factor caused by the change of inlet water velocity changes from the liquid water saturation increase to the temperature drop in the anode catalyst layer. While the priority influence factor caused by the contact angle and porosity of anode gas diffusion layer is the liquid water saturation. Decreasing the contact angle or/and increasing the porosity can improve the PEMEC performance especially at the high voltage. The results can provide a better understanding of the effect of heat and mass transfer and the foundation for optimization design.

关键词： proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell two-phase model liquid water saturation flow rate temperature distribution

Thermo-Flow Performances for the Main-Auxiliary Integrated Natural Draft Dry Cooling system

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1010-1025页

作者： ZHANG Zongyang HOU Yichen ZHOU Hanyu JIA He CHEN Lei KONG Yanqiang WANG Weijia YANG Lijun DU Xiaoze key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of Ministry of Education School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

Recently,natural draft dry cooling system with the main-auxiliary integrated air-cooled heat exchangers in the up and lower layers,has drawn attention to the electric power *** research firstly develops two physical models for the integrated cooling system,namely Case A and Case *** Case A,the main air-cooled heat exchanger is arranged in the upper layer and the auxiliary air-cooled heat exchanger arranged in the lower layer,while in Case B,the two heat exchanger systems are arranged in the opposite *** then,directing at the engineering TMCR and TRL 1 working conditions,the unit-local-overall thermo-flow characteristics of Case A and Case B are obtained and compared by numerical *** findings show that,for the auxiliary air-cooled exchanger,Case A has obviously higher cooling performances than Case B,with the difference varying from 5.46%to 7.55%.Whereas,for the main air-cooled exchanger,Case B shows the recovered cooling performances,with the difference changing from 1.15%to 2.99%.Case A is preferably recommended to the engineering application in consideration of more strict cooling demand of the auxiliary cooling ***,this research will provide some theoretical guidelines for the design and construction of the main-auxiliary integrated natural draft dry cooling system.

关键词： integrated dry cooling system main air-cooled heat exchanger auxiliary air-cooled heat exchanger upper layer and lower layer thermo-flow performances

Influences of Lateral Double-Layered Deflectors on Cooling Performance of Air-Cooled Condenser

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第6期30卷 2164-2177页

作者： HUANG Wenhui HUANG Xianwei YANG Lijun DU Xiaoze key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of Ministry of Education School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The cooling performance of air-cooled condenser(ACC)is susceptible to adverse impacts of ambient *** this work,three kinds of lateral double-layered deflectors installed under the ACC platform are proposed to weaken the unfavorable effects of cross *** CFD simulation methods,the main parameters of thermo-flow performances of a 2×660 MW direct dry cooling system are obtained,by which it can be concluded that the deflectors can effectively reduce the inlet air temperatures while enhance the mass flow rates of upwind fans due to the guiding effect,especially at high wind speeds,while the improvement of cooling capacity of ACCs in the 0°wind direction is *** inclined-vertical deflectors are superior to others in performance improvement of ACCs for all cases,which can reduce the turbine back pressure by 12.15%when the wind speed is 12 m/s,so they can be applied to the performance enhancement of ACCs under windy conditions in practical engineering.

关键词： air-cooled condenser lateral double-layered deflectors cooling capacity turbine back pressure wind speed and direction

A novel preheating method for the Li-ion battery using supercooled phase change materials

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 193-203页

作者： FANG XuanYi NONG XinLu LIAO ZhiRong XU Chao key laboratory of power station energy transfer conversion and system of Ministry of Education School of EnergyPower and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The Li-ion battery is widely used in power tools, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. In reality, battery thermal management is essential to control the battery temperature within a specific temperature range. Although research has shown that preheating the battery at low temperatures on cold days can improve output performance significantly, few efforts have been made to study the preheating method in-depth. As a result, this research proposes two preheating designs for cylindrical batteries with supercooled phase change materials: Single-and dual-phase change material(PCM) designs. A mathematical model is developed to analyze the effect of the PCM layer’s height, thickness, and mass on the preheating effect for seven candidate PCMs with high supercooling degrees. Furthermore, the economic efficiency of the single-PCM design with different PCMs is compared. In addition, the optimal ratio of the PCMs’ height for the dual-PCM design is investigated. Eventually, the improvement of the battery’s output performance is discussed. The results reveal that the proposed designs can effectively preheat the battery with a temperature rise higher than 10°C. The single-PCM design using Li NO3·3H2O shows the best preheating ability, while CH3COONa·3H2O is the most economical. Although the dual-PCM design cannot outperform the single-PCM design, it can preheat the battery twice and show better flexibility. Compared with the battery without preheating, a 26650-format battery with the single-PCM design can prolong the operating time by 38.8 min and save the electric quantity by 2.1 A h;while they are by 42.8 min and 2.3 A h with the dual-PCM design.

关键词： preheating method Li-ion battery phase change material supercooling