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Exploring the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Conflict in Lamu County: Implications for Community Adaptation Action Plans

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第12期14卷 984-1005页

作者： Misiani Zachary Simeon Mwadiga Mohamed Abubakar Hindada Boneya Onyango Linet Amos Okello Mohamed Rashid Dirie Monica Orero International Center for Humanitarian Affairs Kenya Red Cross Society Nairobi Kenya kenya Forestry Research institute Nairobi Kenya County Government of Lamu Lamu Kenya kenya red cross training institute Nairobi Kenya

This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.

关键词： kenya Climate Changes and Adaptation Pollution Climate Hazards Conflict Security Temperature Rainfall Sea Level Lamu County

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Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors:The iBoneFIT project

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 419-427页

作者： Andres Marmol-Perez Jose J.Gil-Cosano Esther Ubago-Guisado Francisco J.Llorente-Cantarero Juan Francisco Pascual-Gázquez Kirsten K.Ness Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino Jonatan R.Ruiz Luis Gracia-Marco Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Communication and Education Loyola University AndalusiaSeville 41704Spain Biosanitary Research institute ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Maimonides Biomedical Research institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Cordoba 14004Spain CIBEROBN Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionCarlos III Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain Department of Specific Didactics Faculty of EducationUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Pediatric and adolescent hematology and oncology service Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Clinical Management UnitVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaCuenca 13001Spain

Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this ***,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar *** This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,***‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression *** regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass *** More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference *** strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all *** 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral *** Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all *** results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in t

关键词： Bone health Childhood cancer DXA Lean mass Resistance training

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Association between Respirable Dust Exposure and Respiratory Health Concerns among Workers in Apparel Processing Companies in Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in Machakos County, kenya

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第4期10卷 271-291页

作者： Owino A. Otieno Paul M. Njogu Dennis Magu institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya

Apparel processing is an essential industry in providing clothing needs for the population. The Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in kenya employs many employees. Garment processing releases respirable dust particles, thus exposing workers to risks to the respiratory system. The study determined the respirable dust health concerns among workers in Apparel Processing Companies (APCs) in EPZ in Machakos County, kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed where four companies were studied. Three hundred and sixty-seven participants were selected through systematic random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and Interview guides. The study established that workers were exposed to respirable dust PM2.5 ranging from 40.89 ± 24.0 μg·m−3 to 87.49 ± 45.2 μg·m−3 with a mean of 65.61 ± 31.5 μg·m−3. While PM2.5 ranged from 63.59 ± 21.2 μg·m−3 to 313.41 ± 468.0 μg·m−3. With a mean of 104.02 ± 26.0 μg·m−3. Workers complained of different respirable dust-related diseases. The most prevalent conditions were sneezing and coughing (86.4%), chest pains (41.1%), blocked chests (36.8%), and allergic reactions to dust (18.3%). The APC should develop an OSH management system that includes;a dust management policy, dust monitoring, Risk Assessments, Engineering controls installations, medical examination, training on dust management, PPE provision, and use enforcement.

关键词： Apparel Respirable Dust Health Concerns Occupational Safety and Health

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Smart breeding driven by big data, artificial intelligence, and integrated genomic-enviromic prediction

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Molecular Plant 2022年第11期15卷 1664-1695页

作者： Yunbi Xu Xingping Zhang Huihui Li Hongjian Zheng Jianan Zhang Michael S.Olsen Rajeev K.Varshney Boddupalli M.Prasanna Qian Qian institute of Crop Sciences CIMMYT-ChinaChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China CIMMYT-China Tropical Maize Research Center School of Food Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanGuangdong 528231China Peking University institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences WeifangShandong 261325China CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201400China MolBreeding Biotechnology Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangHebei 050035China National Nanfan Research institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaHainan 572024China CIMMYT(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) ICRAF CampusUnited Nations AvenueNairobiKenya State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia

The first paradigm of plant breeding involves direct selection-based phenotypic observation,followed by predictive breeding using statistical models for quantitative traits constructed based on genetic experimental design and,more recently,by incorporation of molecular marker ***,plant performance or phenotype(P)is determined by the combined effects of genotype(G),envirotype(E),and genotype by environment interaction(GEI).Phenotypes can be predicted more precisely by training a model using data collected from multiple sources,including spatiotemporal omics(genomics,phenomics,and enviromics across time and space).Integration of 3D information profiles(G-P-E),each with multidimensionality,provides predictive breeding with both tremendous opportunities and great ***,we first review innovative technologies for predictive *** then evaluate multidimensional information profiles that can be integrated with a predictive breeding strategy,particularly envirotypic data,which have largely been neglected in data collection and are nearly untouched in model *** propose a smart breeding scheme,integrated genomic-enviromic prediction(iGEP),as an extension of genomic prediction,using integrated multiomics information,big data technology,and artificial intelligence(mainly focused on machine and deep learning).We discuss how to implement iGEP,including spatiotemporal models,environmental indices,factorial and spatiotemporal structure of plant breeding data,and cross-species prediction.A strategy is then proposed for prediction-based crop redesign at both the macro(individual,population,and species)and micro(gene,metabolism,and network)***,we provide perspectives on translating smart breeding into genetic gain through integrative breeding platforms and open-source breeding *** call for coordinated efforts in smart breeding through iGEP,institutional partnerships,and innovative technological support.

关键词： smart breeding genomic selection integrated genomic-enviromic selection spatiotemporal omics crop design machine and deep learning big data artificial intelligence

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A specific gene-expression signature quantifies the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第3期13卷 383-390页

作者： Tohru Utsunomiya Masahiro Okamoto Shigeki Wakiyama Masaji Hashimoto Kengo Fukuzawa Takahiro Ezaki Shinichi Aishima Yasuji Yoshikawa Taizo Hanai Hiroshi Inoue Graham F Barnard Masaki Mori Department of Molecular and Surgical Oncology Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Beppu Japan Department of Surgery Iizuka Hospital Iizuka Japan Department of Digestive Surgery Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research Tokyo Japan Department of Surgery Oita Red Cross Hos-pital Oita Japan Department of Surgery Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital Hiroshima Japan Department of Anatomic pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Pathology Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Beppu Japan Laboratory for Bioinformatics Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Division of Gastroenterology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA United States

AIM: To study a more accurate quantification of hepatic fibrosis which would provide clinically useful information for monitoring the progression of chronic liver disease. METHODS: Using a cDNA microarray containing over 22 000 clones, we analyzed the gene-expression profiles of non-cancerous liver in 74 patients who underwent hepatic resection. We calculated the ratio of azan- stained: total area, and determined the morphologic fibrosis index (MFI), as a mean of 9 section-images. We used the MFI as a reference standard to evaluate our method for assessing liver fibrosis. RESULTS: We identified 39 genes that collectively showed a good correlation (r > 0.50) between gene-expression and the severity of liver fibrosis. Many of the identified genes were involved in immune responses and cell signaling. To quantify the extent of liver fibrosis, we developed a new genetic fibrosis index (GFI) based on gene-expression profiling of 4 clones using a linear support vector regression analysis. This technique, based on a supervised learning analysis, correctly quantified the various degrees of fibrosis in both 74 training samples (r = 0.76, 2.2% vs 2.8%, P < 0.0001) and 12 independent additional test samples (r = 0.75, 9.8% vs 8.6%, P < 0.005). It was far better in assessing liver fibrosis than blood markers such as prothrombin time (r = -0.53), type Ⅳ collagen 7s (r = 0.48), hyaluronic acid (r = 0.41), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelets ratio index (APRI) (r = 0.38). CONCLUSION: Our cDNA microarray-based strategy may help clinicians to precisely and objectively monitor the severity of liver fibrosis.

关键词：基因表达慢性肝病肝硬化胶原质

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Regressive approach for predicting bearing capacity of bored piles from cone penetration test data

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第5期7卷 584-592页

作者： Iyad S. Alkroosh Mohammad Bahadori Hamid Nikraz Alireza Bahadori Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering Al-Qadissiya University School of Soil Science and Engineering University of Tehran Department of Civil Engineering Curtin University School of Environment Science and Engineering Southern Cross University

In this study, th e least sq u are su p p o rt v ecto r m achine （LSSVM） alg o rith m w as applied to predicting th ebearing capacity o f b ored piles e m b ed d ed in sand an d m ixed soils. Pile g eo m etry an d cone p e n e tra tio nte s t （CPT） resu lts w ere used as in p u t variables for pred ictio n o f pile bearin g capacity. The d ata u se d w erecollected from th e existing litera tu re an d consisted o f 50 case records. The application o f LSSVM w ascarried o u t by dividing th e d ata into th re e se ts： a train in g se t for learning th e pro b lem an d obtain in g arelationship b e tw e e n in p u t variables an d pile bearin g capacity, and testin g an d validation sets forevaluation o f th e predictive an d g en eralization ability o f th e o b tain ed relationship. The predictions o f pilebearing capacity by LSSVM w ere evaluated by com paring w ith ex p erim en tal d ata an d w ith th o se bytrad itio n al CPT-based m eth o d s and th e gene ex pression pro g ram m in g （GEP） m odel. It w as found th a t th eLSSVM perform s w ell w ith coefficient o f d eterm in atio n , m ean, an d sta n d ard dev iatio n equivalent to 0.99,1.03, an d 0.08, respectively, for th e testin g set, an d 1, 1.04, an d 0.11, respectively, for th e v alidation set. Thelow values o f th e calculated m ean squared e rro r an d m ean ab so lu te e rro r indicated th a t th e LSSVM w asaccurate in p redicting th e pile bearing capacity. The results o f com parison also show ed th a t th e p roposedalg o rith m p red icted th e pile bearin g capacity m ore accurately th a n th e trad itio n al m eth o d s including th eGEP m odel.

关键词： Bored piles Cone penetration test(CPT) Bearing capacity Least square support vector machine(LSSVM) training Validation

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UnderwaterWaste Recognition and Localization Based on Improved YOLOv5

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 2015-2031页

作者： Jinxing Niu Shaokui Gu Junmin Du Yongxing Hao School of Mechanical Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou450011China Henan Key Laboratory of Underwater Intelligent Equipment (713th Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited)Zhengzhou40015China

With the continuous development of the economy and society,plastic pollution in rivers,lakes,oceans,and other bodies of water is increasingly severe,posing a serious challenge to underwater *** cleaning up of underwater litter by robots relies on accurately identifying and locating the plastic ***,it often causes significant challenges such as noise interference,low contrast,and blurred textures in underwater optical images.A weighted fusion-based algorithm for enhancing the quality of underwater images is proposed,which combines weighted logarithmic transformations,adaptive gamma correction,improved multi-scale Retinex(MSR)algorithm,and the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)*** proposed algorithm improves brightness,contrast,and color recovery and enhances detail features resulting in better overall image quality.A network framework is proposed in this article based on the YOLOv5 *** is used as the backbone of the network framework,detection layer is added to improve the detection capability for small targets,self-attention and mixed-attention modules are introduced to enhance the recognition capability of important *** cross stage partial(CSP)structure is employed in the spatial pyramid pooling(SPP)section to enrich feature information,and the complete intersection over union(CIOU)loss is replaced with the focal efficient intersection over union(EIOU)loss to accelerate convergence while improving regression *** results proved that the target recognition algorithm achieved a recognition accuracy of 0.913 and ensured a recognition speed of 45.56 fps/***,Using red,green,blue and depth(RGB-D)camera to construct a system for identifying and locating underwater plastic *** were conducted underwater for recognition,localization,and error *** experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for identifying and locating

关键词： Underwater image enhancement detection of waste underwater target localization RGB-D camera

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A large-scale serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among persons participated in health screening in Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

A large-scale serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infect...

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第十一届全国寄生虫学青年工作者学术研讨会

作者： Zhao Li Chun-Yi Sun Ren-Dan Yang Chang-Jun Xu Mei-Chen Chen Yun-Jiang Zhang Wei Cong Xing-Quan Zhu Yang Liu Feng-Cai Zou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province College of Veterinary MedicineYunnan Agricultural University Department of Gynecology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City & Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Second People's Hospital of Yunnan province & Yunnan red cross Hospital College of Marine Science Shandong University State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Objective:Surveys of Toxoplasma gondii infection in animals have been reported in Yunnan province,southwest ***,limited information is available regarding the epidemiology of *** infection among persons participated in health screening in Yunnan,located in the southwest border in ***:From January 2014 to December 2016,a large-scale and across-sectional serological survey was conducted to reveal the seroprevalence of *** infection in persons participated in health screening in three major hospitals of Yunnan province.A total of 64533 serum samples were collected and *** antibodies were examined by commercially available ELISA ***:The total seroprevalence of *** infection was 6.67%(4306/64533).Of these,3721 persons(5.77%,3721/64533) were positive for Ig G only,473 persons(0.73%,473/64533) were positive for Ig M only,and 112 persons(0.17%,112/64533) were positive for both Ig G and Ig *** seroprevalence(6.83%,3167/46389) was higher than male(6.28%,1139/18144).The highest seroprevalence of *** infection was found in the age range of 41-50 years(10.60%,228/2150)(P<0.001).The seroprevalence in 2014,2015 and 2016 were 6.39%(1083/16946),6.24%(1261/20201),7.16%(1962/27386),***,hospital No.a(8.30%,1405/16929) had a significantly higher seroprevalence than hospital No.c(6.71%,2486/37034) and hospital No.b(3.93%,415/10570)(P<0.001).Conclusions:The results showed that *** infection is common in persons participated in health screening in Yunnan province,which has significant public health ***,improved integrated measures should be executed to prevent and control *** infection humans and animals in Yunnan province.

关键词： Southwestern China Seroprevalence Toxoplasma gondii Health screening

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