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Endoscopic dilation of complete oesophageal obstructionswith a combined antegrade-retrograde rendezvoustechnique

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第7期22卷 2366-2372页

作者： Reto Bertolini Christa Meyenberger Paul Martin Putora Franziska Albrecht Martina Anja Broglie Sandro J stoeckli Michael Christian Sulz Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kantonsspital St.Gallen9007 St.GallenSwitzerland Department of Radiation Oncology Kantonsspital St.Gallen9007 St.GallenSwitzerland Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryKantonsspital St.Gallen9007 St.GallenSwitzerland

AIM: To investigate the combined antegraderetrograde endoscopic rendezvous technique for complete oesophageal obstruction and the swallowing ***: This single-centre case series includes consecutive patients who were unable to swallow due to complete oesophageal obstruction and underwent combined antegrade-retrograde endoscopic dilation(CARD) within the last 10 years. The patients' demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, endoscopic therapy, adverse events, and outcomes were obtained retrospectively. Technical success was defined as effective restoration of oesophageal patency. Swallowing success was defined as either percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)-tube independency and/or relevant improvement of oral food intake, as assessed by the functional oral intake scale(FOIS)(≥ level 3).RESULTS: The cohort consisted of six patients [five males; mean age 71 years(range, 54-74)]. All but one patient had undergone radiotherapy for head and neck or oesophageal cancer. Technical success was achieved in five out of six patients. After discharge, repeated dilations were performed in all five patients. During follow-up(median 27 mo, range, 2-115), three patients remained PEG-tube dependent. Three of four patients achieved relevant improvement of swallowing(two patients: FOIS 6, one patient: FOIS 7). One patient developed mediastinal emphysema following CARD, without a need for ***: The CARD technique is safe and a viable alternative to high-risk blind antegrade dilation in patients with complete proximal oesophageal obstruction. Although only half of the patients remained PEG-tube independent, the majority improved their ability to swallow.

关键词： Oesophageal obstruction Rendezvoustechnique Combined antegrade-retrograde endoscopicdilation Endoscopic dilation Head and neck cancer Radiotherapy

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Sentinel node biopsy in early oral squamous cell carcinoma - a safe diagnostic and therapeutic procedure

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2023年第1期9卷 246-257页

作者： Fabrice N.Savaria Sandro J.stoeckli Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryKantonsspital St GallenSt Gallen 9007Switzerland

Sentinel node biopsy(SNB)is considered the standard surgical procedure for detecting occult neck node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)in many centers around the *** to the fact that this method removes and evaluates the first lymph node(s)reached by the lymphatic flow from the tumor area,this has raised the question of whether SNB could also be considered a therapeutic procedure by targeted lymphadenectomy instead of elective neck dissection(END).Compared to END,its safety and low morbidity have been ***,the surgical management of the clinical node-negative(cN0)neck in T1/T2 oral carcinoma has been under ongoing debate due to the lack of randomized studies comparing SNB to END in terms of overall survival(OS),disease-free survival(DFS)and neck recurrence rates(NRRs).In the last years,two prospective randomized studies have proven with high-level evidence the noninferiority of SNB compared to END in terms of oncologic outcome while reducing costs and *** our opinion,SNB should be offered as the new standard therapeutic procedure in early OSCC.

关键词： Sentinel node biopsy oral carcinoma head and neck micrometastasis

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Treatment sequencing in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 426-431页

作者： Oliver Sartor Silke Gillessen Department of Medicine and Urology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA Department of Medical Oncology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland.

Six different treatments have demonstrated improved survival in phase III trials targeted to patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. Front-line therapeutic options for mCRPC include docetaxel, sipuleuceI-T, abiraterone and radium-223. Post-docetaxel options include cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide and radium-223. Despite much progress in recent years, much is yet unknown and debates occur over optimal treatment choices and sequences. None of the new agents have been compared to one another, thus physicians in practice today must make choices based on non-randomized comparisons, toxicity considerations and various assumptions. Abiraterone is now moving into the front line mCRPC space given recent regulatory approvals and enzalutamide will follow soon. Both of the hormonal agents have less toxicity when compared to chemotherapeutic options and both of these hormonal agents are expected to be used in a considerable number of mCRPC patients in the years ahead. Little data are available for the post-abiraterone or post-enzalutamide setting. In this review the currently available sequencing data are summarized and interpreted. It is now clear that cross resistance is a potential issue between various treatments, especially those agents that target the androgen axis. This review highlights the need for additional studies to optimize the current treatments for these patients.

关键词： abiraterone cabazitaxel castrate-resistant docetaxel enzalutamide~ radium-223 sipuleuceI-T

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The effect of sex and performance level on pacing in cross-country skiers:Vasaloppet 2004-2017

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 453-458页

作者： Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis Elias Villiger Beat Knechtle Exercise Physiology Laboratory Nikaia 18450 Greece Institute of Primary Care University of ZurichZurich 9000Switzerland Medbase st.gallen Am Vadianplatz St.Gallen 9001Switzerland Corresponding author.E-mail address：beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch

Background： Pacing, defined as percentage changes of speed between successive splits, has been extensively studied in running and cycling endurance sports; however, less information about the trends in change of speed during cross-country （XC） ski racing is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of performance （quartiles of race time （Q）, with Q1 the fastest and Q4 the slowest） level on pacing in the Vasaloppet ski race, the largest XC skiing race in the world. Methods： For this purpose, we analyzed female （n = 19,465） and male （n = 164,454） finishers in the Vasaloppet ski race from 2004 to 2017 using a one-way （2 sexes） analysis of variance with repeated measures to examine percentage changes of speed between 2 successive splits. Overall, the race consisted of 8 splits. Results： The race speeds of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 13.6 ± 1.8, 10.6 ± 0.5, 9.2 ± 0.3, and 8.1 ±- 0.4 km/h, respectively, among females and 16.7 ± 1.7, 13.1 ± 0.7, 10.9 ± 0.6, and 8.9 ± 0.7 km/h, respectively, among males. The overall pacing strategy of finishers was variable. A small sex × split interaction on speed was observed （η^2= 0.016, p 〈 0.001）, with speed difference between sexes ranging from 14.9% （Split 7） to 27.0% （Split 1） and larger changes in speed between 2 successive splits being shown for females （p 〈 0.001, η^2=0.004）. A large performance × split interaction on speed, with Q1 presenting the smallest changes of speed between splits, was shown for females （η^2= 0.149, p 〈 0.001） and males （η^2 = 0.169,p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Male and fast XC skiers are more even pacers. Coaches and athletes should develop tailored sex- and performance-level pacing strategies; for instance, they should advise fast XC skiers to start fast and maintain their speed, rather than starting slowly and trying to make up time by going faster at times during the race.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article

关键词： Endurance exercise Race speed Sex Sport performance Winter sport

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Origin and age group of the fastest amateur triathletes competing in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ between 2003 and 2019

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 70-75页

作者： Paulo Puccinelli Arthur Narloch Sacchelli Aldo Seffrin Beat Knechtle Katja Weiss Marilia Santos Andrade Department of Physiology Federal University of Sao PauloBrazil Federal University of Santa Catarina Brazil Medbase st.gallen Am Vadianplatz St.GallenSwitzerland Institute of Primary Care University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Little is known about the prevalent nationalities among the best-placed athletes participating in“Ironman Hawaii.”Moreover,the age at which athletes achieve their best performances remains *** present study aimed to compare the prevalent nationalities among the athletes,their respective placement among the top five,and the performance difference between the different age groups in‘Ironman Hawaii’from 2003 to 2019.A total of 30354 amateur triathletes were selected from the Obsessed Triathlete(OBstRI)website.A“TOP 5”division filter was applied for further analysis,resulting in 1851 athletes being included in this *** the male runners,Americans participated the most in Ironman events(39%),followed by Germans(10%).Among female runners,Americans participated the most(54%),followed by Australian runners(8%).Male Americans also featured most among the top five(30%),followed by Germans(16%).Female Americans were the most prevalent among the top five(47%),followed by Australian Americans(10%).There were no significant performance differences(p>0.05)between the 25–29 and 40–44 age groups for either *** 45–49 age group presented significantly worse performance than the 35–39 age group for both sexes(pst performant and frequent participants in“Ironman Hawaii.”The expected performance decline due to aging was observed after 45 years in both sexes.

关键词： Aging Cycling Endurance Performance Running Swimming Triathlon

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Treaty Compatibility of the IIR and the UTPR

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2024年第1期5卷 91-96页

作者： Peter Hongler University of st.gallen Switzerland

This paper explores the compatibility of the Income Inclusion Rule(IIR)and the Undertaxed Profits Rule(UTPR)with existing tax *** paper first assesses whether the taxes under IIR and UTPR meet the coverage criteria of Art.2 of the OECD Model Convention(MC)and then analyses potential treaty infringements,focusing on Art.7,9,and 10(5),highlighting the inherent contradiction between tax treaties,which aim to limit taxing rights,and the global minimum tax,which allows taxation of global ***,the paper reviews the historical development of IIR and UTPR,emphasising the OECD's initial recognition of the need for treaty amendments but noting the current lack of multilateral solutions,which poses potential dispute *** conclusion,the paper argues that the global minimum tax presents compliance challenges and legal uncertainties,questioning the binding effect of double taxation *** article calls on the OECD to resolve these uncertainties through international agreements and advises countries to carefully consider the legal implications when implementing the IIR and the UTPR.

关键词： Income Inclusion Rule Undertaxed Profits Rule OECD Model Conven tion Global minimum tax

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New approach for time-resolved and dynamic investigations on nanoparticles agglomeration

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Nano Research 2020年第10期13卷 2847-2856页

作者： Neda Iranpour Anaraki Amin Sadeghpour Kamran Iranshahi Claudio Toncelli Urszula Cendrowska Francesco stellacci Alex Dommann Peter Wick Antonia Neels Center for X-ray Analytics EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St.Gallen 9014Switzerland Laboratory of Particles Biology Interactions EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologySt.Gallen 9014Switzerland Department of Chemistry University of FribourgChemin du MuseeFribourg 1700Switzerland Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologySt.Gallen 9014Switzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Swiss FPederal Institute of TechnologyETH-ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland Institute of Materials EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BernBern 3012Swizerland

Nanoparticle (NP) colloidal stability plays a crucial role in biomedical application not only for human and environmental safety but also for NP efficiency and functionality. NP agglomeration is considered as a possible process in monodispersed NP colloidal solutions, which drastically affects colloidal stability. This process is triggered by changes in the physicochemical properties of the surrounding media, such as ionic strength (IS), pH value, or presence of biomolecules. Despite different available characterization methods for nanoparticles (NPs), there is a lack of information about the underlying mechanisms at the early stage of dynamic behaviors, namely changing in NP size distribution and structure while placing them from a stable colloidal solution to a new media like biological fluids. In this study, an advanced in situ approach is presented that combines small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and microfluidics, allowing label-free, direct, time-resolved, and dynamic observations of the early stage of NP interaction/agglomeration initiated by environmental changes. It is shown for silica NPs that the presence of protein in the media enormously accelerates the NP agglomeration process compared to respective changes in IS and pH. High IS results in a staring agglomeration process after 40 min, though, in case of protein presence in media, this time decreased enormously to 48 s. These time scales show that this method is sensitive and precise in depicting the dynamics of fast and slow NP interactions in colloidal conditions and therefore supports understanding the colloidal stability of NPs in various media concluding in safe and efficient NP designing for various applications.

关键词： microfluidic small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) in situ dynamic measurements nanoparticle agglomeration biological environment label-free

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Xiong Shili Revisited: Th Wei-ming's Perspective and Authentic Living

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哲学门 2004年第S1期5卷 48-62页

作者： Ralph Weber University of st.gallen Switzerland

Xiong Shili熊十力1885-1968 is not an easily accessible Chinese *** to most of his contemporaries as well as his students,he never attempted to express his views by means of a philosophy or a vocabulary brought to China from ***,he is reported to have expressed scepticism when questioned about similarities between his thought and the philosophies of Henri Bergson柏格森1859-1941,Francis Herbert Bradley布拉德雷1846-1924,or Alfred North Whitehead怀特海1861-1947.

关键词： outside Whitehead attempted

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Functional Fiber Membranes with Antibacterial Properties for Face Masks

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2023年第4期5卷 1519-1533页

作者： Papada Natsathaporn Gordon Herwig stefanie Altenried Qun Ren René M.Rossi Daniel Crespy Fabian Itel Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology(VISTEC)Rayong 21210Thailand Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLerchenfeldstrasse 59014 St.GallenSwitzerland Laboratory for Biointerfaces EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLerchenfeldstrasse 59014 St.GallenSwitzerland

Reusable face masks are an important alternative for minimizing costs of disposable and surgical face masks during *** complementary to washing,a prolonged lifetime of face masks relies on the incorporation of self-cleaning *** development of self-cleaning face mask materials requires the presence of a durable catalyst to deactivate contaminants and microbes after long-term use without reducing filtration ***,we generate self-cleaning fibers by functionalizing silicone-based(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)fibrous membranes with a *** electro-spinning is performed to fabricate fibers with a non-crosslinked silicone core within a supporting shell scaffold,followed by thermal crosslinking and removal of the water-soluble *** zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)are immo-bilized on the PDMS fibers by colloid-electrospinning or post-functionalization *** fibers functionalized with ZnO NPs can degrade a photo-sensitive dye and display antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus)due to the generation of reactive oxygen species upon irradiation with UV ***,a single layer of functionalized fibrous membrane shows an air permeability in the range of 80-180 L/m^(2)s and 65%filtration efficiency against fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 1.0µm(PM_(1.0)).

关键词： Polydimethylsiloxane Zinc oxide Face mask Electrospinning Antibacterial

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Accident or crime?About the meaning of face injuries inflicted by blunt force

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 14-21页

作者： Vera sterzik David Duckwitz Michael Bohnert Institute of Forensic Medicine Cantonal HospitalSt.GallenSwitzerland Institute of Forensic Medicine Julius-Maximilians-UniversityWurzburgGermany

Injuries caused by blunt force are seen frequently in daily forensic ***,especially when there is less information about the surrounding circumstances,it might become difficult to figure out the cause and background of injuries:accident,criminal violence or self-infliction?In the study presented,face injuries caused by blunt force in 694 cases were analyzed comparing the injury patterns in accidents to those in *** turned out injuries of the ear and retroauricular region clearly indicate a ***,soft tissue injuries of nose,upper jaw,and lower jaw point towards a criminal violence,whereas tooth injuries occur with a similar frequency in both crimes and accidents.

关键词： Forensic science blunt force facial injuries head injuries fatalities ear injury retroauricular injury accident criminal violence

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