The effect of sex and performance level on pacing in cross-country skiers:Vasaloppet 2004-2017

作     者：pantelis theodoros nikolaidis elias villiger beat knechtle Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis;Elias Villiger;Beat Knechtle

作者机构：exercise physiology laboratory Nikaia 18450Greece institute of primary careuniversity of zurichZurich 9000Switzerland medbase st.gallen am vadianplatzSt.Gallen 9001 Switzerland 

出 版 物：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 (运动与健康科学（英文）)

年 卷 期：2018年第7卷第4期

页      面：453-458页

核心收录：

学科分类：0403[教育学-体育学] 04[教育学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1010[医学-医学技术（可授医学、理学学位）] 

主　　题：滑雪 表演 速度变化 完成时间 水 相互作用 运动员 上海大学 

摘      要：Background: Pacing, defined as percentage changes of speed between successive splits, has been extensively studied in running and cycling endurance sports; however, less information about the trends in change of speed during cross-country(XC) ski racing is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of performance(quartiles of race time(Q), with Q1 the fastest and Q4 the slowest) level on pacing in the Vasaloppet ski race, the largest XC skiing race in the ***: For this purpose, we analyzed female(n = 19,465) and male(n = 164,454) finishers in the Vasaloppet ski race from 2004 to 2017 using a one-way(2 sexes) analysis of variance with repeated measures to examine percentage changes of speed between 2 successive splits. Overall,the race consisted of 8 ***: The race speeds of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 13.6 § 1.8, 10.6 § 0.5, 9.2 § 0.3, and 8.1 § 0.4 km/h, respectively, among females and16.7 § 1.7, 13.1 § 0.7, 10.9 § 0.6, and 8.9 § 0.7 km/h, respectively, among males. The overall pacing strategy of finishers was variable. A small sex ￡ split interaction on speed was observed(h2= 0.016, p 0.001), with speed difference between sexes ranging from 14.9%(Split 7) to27.0%(Split 1) and larger changes in speed between 2 successive splits being shown for females(p 0.001, h2= 0.004). A large performance ￡ split interaction on speed, with Q1 presenting the smallest changes of speed between splits, was shown for females(h2= 0.149, p 0.001) and males(h2= 0.169, p 0.001).Conclusion: Male and fast XC skiers are more even pacers. Coaches and athletes should develop tailored sex-and performance-level pacing strategies; for instance, they should advise fast XC skiers to start fast and maintain their speed, rather than starting slowly and trying to make up time by going faster at times during the race.