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Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia Fazal Muhammad Arsalan Khan Sumayya Shawana Rahma Rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Department of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages Immunohistochemistry

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Health education intervention and its impact on patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction:An information-motivationbehavioral model approach

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第20期12卷 4031-4033页

作者： Imshaal Musharaf Abdulqadir J Nashwan Medicine Jinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachi 0000Pakistan Department of Nursing Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Unilateral vestibular dysfunction is a one-sided impairment of vestibular function in one *** health education in treatment and rehabilitation plans can improve vestibular function,keep negative emotions at bay,and reduce the extent of the *** letter investigates the impact of the informationmotivation-behavioral skills model as a medium for health education on patient *** offering encouraging observations,there are certain limitations,such as the study’s retrospective design,small sample size,use of subjective measures,and lack of longer follow-ups that challenge the cogency of the *** study is a step toward transforming vestibular dysfunction treatment through health education.

关键词： Vestibular dysfunction Health education Information-motivation-behavioral skills model Vestibular rehabilitation Self efficacy

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Contemporary Study for Detection of COVID-19 Using Machine Learning with Explainable AI

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1075-1104页

作者： Saad Akbar Humera Azam Sulaiman Sulmi Almutairi Omar Alqahtani Habib Shah Aliya Aleryani Department of Computer Science University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Science and TechnologyHamdard UniversityKarachi75540Pakistan Department of Health Informatics College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityQassim51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

The prompt spread of COVID-19 has emphasized the necessity for effective and precise diagnostic *** this article,a hybrid approach in terms of datasets as well as the methodology by utilizing a previously unexplored dataset obtained from a private hospital for detecting COVID-19,pneumonia,and normal conditions in chest X-ray images(CXIs)is proposed coupled with Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI).Our study leverages less preprocessing with pre-trained cutting-edge models like InceptionV3,VGG16,and VGG19 that excel in the task of feature *** methodology is further enhanced by the inclusion of the t-SNE(t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding)technique for visualizing the extracted image features and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)to improve images before extraction of ***,an AttentionMechanism is utilized,which helps clarify how the modelmakes decisions,which builds trust in artificial intelligence(AI)*** evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,both benchmark datasets and a private dataset obtained with permissions from jinnah PostgraduateMedical Center(JPMC)in karachi,Pakistan,are *** 12 experiments,VGG19 showcased remarkable performance in the hybrid dataset approach,achieving 100%accuracy in COVID-19 *** classification and 97%in distinguishing normal ***,across all classes,the approach achieved 98%accuracy,demonstrating its efficiency in detecting COVID-19 and differentiating it fromother chest disorders(Pneumonia and healthy)while also providing insights into the decision-making process of the models.

关键词： COVID-19 detection deep neural networks support vector machine CXIs InceptionV3 VGG16 VGG19 t-SNE embedding CLAHE attention mechanism XAI

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Risk factors and outcomes of peptic ulcer bleed in a Pakistani population:A single-center observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第3期15卷 1-9页

作者： Nazish Butt Muhammad Tayyab Usmani Nimrah Mehak Saba Mughal Fakhar Ali Qazi-Arisar Ghulam Mohiuddin Gulzar Khan Department of Gastroenterology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical CentreKarachi 75505SindhPakistan National Institute of Liver&GI Diseases Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 75330SindhPakistan School of Public Health Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 75330SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer disease(PUD)remains a significant healthcare burden,contributing to morbidity and mortality *** advancements in therapies,its prevalence persists,particularly in regions with widespread nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)use and Helicobacter pylori *** To comprehensively analyse the risk factors and outcomes of PUD-related upper gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding in Pakistani *** This retrospective cohort study included 142 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding who underwent upper GI endoscopy from January to December *** on demographics,symptoms,length of stay,mortality,re-bleed,and Forrest classification was *** The mean age of patients was 53 years,and the majority was men(68.3%).Hematemesis(82.4%)and epigastric pain(75.4%)were the most common presenting *** patients(73.2%)were discharged within five *** mortality rates at one week and one month were 10.6%and 14.8%,***-bleed within 24 h and seven days occurred in 14.1%and 18.3%of patients,*** ulcers were Forrest class(FC)Ⅲ(72.5%).Antiplatelet use was associated with higher mortality at 7 and 30 d,while alternative medications were linked to higher 24-hour re-bleed *** use was associated with more FCⅢ***-bleed at 24 h and 7 d was strongly associated with one-week or one-month *** Antiplatelet use and rebleeding increase the risk of early mortality in PUD-related upper GI bleeding,while alternative medicines are associated with early rebleeding.

关键词： Non variceal bleed Mortality Re-bleed Forrest classification Antiplatelets Alternative medicines

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Metabolic dynamics in chronic gastritis:Examining urinary profiles post Helicobacter pylori eradication

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2698-2700页

作者： Imshaal Musharaf Abdulqadir J Nashwan Department of Medicine Jinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachi 0000Pakistan Department of Nursing Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Chronic gastritis is the persistent and insidious inflammation of the gastric *** pylori(***)has been identified as the most common cause of chronic gastritis and consequently elimination of *** can lead to its *** editorial explores the use of urinary metabolic profiles before and after eradication to identify biomarkers that can aid in prognosis and *** providing promising insights,there are limitations such as a small sample size(17 patients),a narrow treatment period of 2 wk,and treatment heterogeneity,which raise ***,these findings have opened a gateway to enhancing the treatment and prognosis of chronic gastritis through urinary metabolomics.

关键词： Gastritis Helicobacter pylori Chronic gastritis Urine metabolomics Quadruple therapy Precancerous lesions

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Focus on current and emerging treatment options for glioma:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 482-495页

作者： Brandon Lucke-Wold Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala Muhammad Ashir Shafique Mohammad Arham Siddiq Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa Fnu Danish Rana Muhammad Umer Nasrullah Noor Zainab Abdul Haseeb Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608United States Department of Neurosurgery Jinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachi 75510Pakistan Department of Neurosurgery Army Medical CollegeRawalpindi 46000Pakistan

This comprehensive review delves into the current updates and challenges associated with the management of low-grade gliomas(LGG),the predominant primary tumors in the central nervous *** a general incidence rate of 5.81 per 100000,gliomas pose a significant global concern,necessitating advancements in treatment techniques to reduce mortality and *** review places a particular focus on immunotherapies,discussing promising agents such as Zotiraciclib and ***,a CDK9 inhibitor,has demonstrated efficacy in glioblastoma treatment in preclinical and clinical studies,showing its potential as a therapeutic ***,a viral immunotherapy,induces inflammation in glioblastoma and displays positive outcomes in both adult and pediatric *** of immunotherapy extends to Pembrolizumab,Nivolumab,and Entrectinib,revealing the challenges and variabilities in patient *** promising preclinical data,the monoclonal antibody Depatuxizumab has proven ineffective in glioblastoma treatment,emphasizing the critical need to understand resistance *** review also covers the success of radiation therapy in pediatric LGG,with evolving techniques,such as proton therapy,showing potential improvements in patient quality of *** treatment is discussed in the context of achieving a balance between preserving the patient’s quality of life and attaining gross total resection,with the extent of surgical resection significantly influencing the survival *** addition to advancements in cancer vaccine development,this review highlights the evolving landscape of LGG treatment,emphasizing a shift toward personalized and targeted *** research is essential for refining strategies and enhancing outcomes in the management of LGG.

关键词： Low-grade gliomas Monoclonal antibody Lerapolturev Glioblastoma CDK9 inhibitor

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Quality assessment and dissolution profile comparison studies on 250-mg mefenamic acid tablets available in local market of karachi

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015年第10期24卷 673-677页

作者： Farya Zafar Huma Ali Shabana Naz Shah Safila Naveed Shehla Siddiqui Faculty of Pharmacy Ziauddin University Martin Dow Pharmaceutical Pakistan Limited jinnah university for woman karachi

In the present study, we aimed to determine the quality of different brands(Test1–Test6) of mefenamic acid, which are commercially available in local market of karachi, Pakistan. Various quality evaluation tests, including weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration, assay and drug release, were carried out. Results were found to be in acceptable limits. Moreover, release profiles were compared using different dissolution media, such as phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 7.4 and biorelevant media(FaSSGF, FaSSIF, FeSSIF and SCoF). Release profiles at pH 6.8 and 7.4 were evaluated by one--way ANOVA, model-independent and model--dependent methods. Results of ANOVA showed that no significant difference was found among tester and reference brands(Test1–Test6). Similarly, all the brands were found to be best fitted with Weibull model.

关键词：药学药剂学调剂学药品

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Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated spontaneous herniation of liver mimicking a pleural mass:A case report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第4期14卷 854-859页

作者： Sameer Saleem Tebha Zain Ali Zaidi Sehrish Sethar Muhammad Asif Abbas Virk Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 75600SindhPakistan Department of Medicine Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 75600SindhPakistan Department of Radiology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 75600SindhPakistan Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyWell Span York HospitalYorkPA 17403United States Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States

BACKGROUND Spontaneous diaphragmatic herniation of the liver is a rare *** may mimic pulmonary mass especially in the absence of *** is a common side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitors that may cause diaphragmatic rupture due to a sudden increase in trans-diaphragmatic *** present a case of ACE-inhibitor associated spontaneous herniation of the liver mimicking pleural *** SUMMARY An 80-year-old woman presented with dry cough for 1 mo and sudden onset of cramping abdominal pain for 1 *** denied history of trauma,prior surgeries,smoking,alcohol or illicit drug *** has a history of diabetes and was started on an ACE inhibitor 6 mo ago for the management of *** was remarkable for right upper quadrant *** work-up was *** X-ray showed a right lower lung opacity suspecting right pleural *** computed tomography scan ruled out pleural mass,however,revealed herniated right lobe of the liver(3.9 cm×3.6 cm×3.4 cm)into the thoracic cavity through the posterolateral diaphragmatic *** repair of the diaphragmatic defect was performed and the ACE inhibitor was ***’symptoms had completely resolved on *** ACE inhibitor-associated cough may cause diaphragmatic liver herniation mimicking pleural *** diagnosis,surgical repair and addressing the triggering factors improve patients’outcomes.

关键词： Diaphragmatic hernia Liver herniation ACE-inhibitors Cough Non-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia Case report

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Driving pressure in mechanical ventilation:A review

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 15-27页

作者： Syeda Farheen Zaidi Asim Shaikh Daniyal Aziz Khan Salim Surani Iqbal Ratnani Department of Medicine Queen Mary UniversityLondon E14NSUnited Kingdom Department of Medicine Aga Khan UniversitySindhKarachi 74500Pakistan Department of Medicine Jinnah Postgraduate Medical CenterSindhKarachi 75510Pakistan Department of Medicine and Pharmacology Texas A and M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030United States

Driving pressure(ΔP)is a core therapeutic component of mechanical ventilation(MV).Varying levels ofΔP have been employed during MV depending on the type of underlying pathology and severity of ***,ΔP levels have also been shown to closely impact hard endpoints such as *** this,conducting an in-depth review ofΔP as a unique,outcome-impacting therapeutic modality is extremely *** is a need to understand the subtleties involved in making sureΔP levels are optimized to enhance outcomes and minimize *** performed this narrative review to further explore the various uses ofΔP,the different parameters that can affect its use,and how outcomes vary in different patient populations at different pressure *** better utilizeΔP in MV-requiring patients,additional large-scale clinical studies are needed.

关键词： Driving pressure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Mortality Positive end-expiratory pressure Ventilator induced lung injury Mechanical ventilation

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Spectrokinetics study of probable effects of diverse inorganic ions on bleaching of dye

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011年第1期5卷 131-138页

作者： Rafia AZMAT Masooda QADRI Fahim UDDIN Department of Chemistry Jinnah University for Women5C NazimabadKarachi 74600Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan

Toluidine blue(TB)is an important anticoagulant metachromasia molecule showing a pronounced variation in the visible spectrum due to the aggregation phenomenon and electrostatic interaction with the charged synthetic and biologic *** current study describes the interactive role of diverse inorganic material ions on the bleaching of toluidine blue(tolonium chloride)(TB^(+))with urea in acidic and basic media using the spectrophotometric *** spectra of TB and urea with different cations and anions were monitored and their characteristic features are presented *** negative effect of added cations on reduction may be the result of altered electron pathways which led to suppression of the reduction/bleaching of TB,while a slight decrease in dye reduction by added anions may be due to the scavenging of the OH**** has been observed in the case of Co^(2+)that in addition to the electron-transfer reaction,other processes like layer and precipitate formation also appear to be taking *** dye bleaching process followed pseudo first order kinetics with respect to TB,urea,and H^(+)ion,whereas significant decoloration in the presence of urea proved that reductants control the redox *** decoloration in acidic medium with diverse ions was seen compared to alkaline media,showing that water pH played an important role in the bleaching of *** reduction/bleaching of dye was investigated at different temperatures,and energy parameters were evaluated for a TB^(+)-Urea reaction,including the energy of activation(Ea=39.60 kJ·mol^(–1)),enthalpy of activation(ΔH#=34 kJ$mol^(–1)),entropy of activation(ΔS#=146.5 kJ mol^(–1)·K^(–1)),and free energy of activation(ΔG*=–52.35 kJ·mol^(–1)).A mechanism of interaction of diverse ions in dye bleaching and a mechanism of reduction based on the above findings is proposed.

关键词： TB diverse ions suppress decoloration

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