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Missing microbes in infants and children in the COVID-19 pandemic:a study of 1,126 participants in Beijing,China

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1739-1750页

作者： Jiejing Wang Yuejuan Li Yu Mu Kefei Huang Danyi Li Canhui Lan Yutao Cui Jun Wang CAS Key Lab for Pathogenic Microbiology and immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Dr.CUIYUTAO clinic Beijing 100028China R-institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 100011China

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many fatalities worldwide and continues to affect the health of the recovered patients in the form of *** this study,we compared the gut microbiome of uninfected infants and children before the pandemic began(BEFORE cohort,n=906)to that of after the pandemic(AFTER cohort,n=220)to examine the potential impact of social distancing and life habit changes on infant/children gut *** on 16S rRNA sequencing,we found a significant change in microbiome composition after the pandemic,with Bacteroides enterotype increasing to 35.45%from 30.46%before the *** quantification indicated that the bacterial loads of seven keystone taxa decreased by 91.69%–19.58%.Quantitative microbiome profiling,used to enhance the resolution in detecting microbiome differences,revealed a greater explained variance of pandemic on microbiome compared to gender,as well as a significant decrease in bacterial loads in 15 of the 20 major *** random forest age-predictor indicated the gut microbiomes were less mature in the after-pandemic cohort than in the before-pandemic cohort in the children group(3–12 years old)and had features of a significantly younger age(average of 1.86 years).Lastly,body weight and height were significantly lower in the after-pandemic cohort than in the before-pandemic cohort in infants(<1 year of age),which was associated with a decrease in bacterial loads in the fecal microbiome.

关键词： gut microbiome COVID-19 pandemic quantitative microbiome profiling children health

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Interactivity software tools for teaching in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第1期9卷 10-23页

作者： Jesús Barrio-Barrio Department of Ophthalmology Navarra University Clinic HospitalNavarra Institute for Health ResearchIdiSNAPamplonaSpain

The use of interactive audience software,such as audience response systems(ARS),in medical education has become increasingly popular in recent *** technology allows instructors to engage students in real time,encouraging active participation and promoting effective *** benefits of interactive audience software in medical education include increased student engagement,promotion of active learning,and enhanced learning ***,there are also several challenges to its implementation,including technical difficulties,careful planning and preparation,over-reliance on technology,and ethical concerns related to privacy and data *** cost of implementing interactive audience software may also be a barrier for some *** paper specifically reviews six interactive software platforms,including Socrative,Quizizz,Pear Deck,Slido,Wooclap and *** platforms allow for real-time assessment of student understanding,feedback,and *** also enable instructors to adjust their teaching strategies based on student responses and ***,interactive audience software has shown great potential to enhance learning and engagement in medical *** is important for instructors to carefully consider the benefits and challenges of its *** the cost of implementing interactive audience software may be a barrier for some institutions,there are free and low-cost options available.

关键词： Interactive audience software mobile software audience response systems(ARS) medical education

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Testosterone replacement therapy and vascular thromboembolic events: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 144-154页

作者： Rossella Cannarella Carmelo Gusmano Claudia Leanza Vincenzo Garofalo Andrea Crafa Federica Barbagallo Rosita A Condorelli Sandro La Vignera Aldo E Calogero Department of clinical and Experimental Medicine University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Glickman Urological&Kidney institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH44195USA

To evaluate the relationship between testosterone replacement therapy(TRT)and arterial and/or venous thrombosis in patients with pre-treatment total testosterone(TT)<12 nmol I^(-1),we performed a meta-analysis following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome ***:men with TT<12 nmol I^(-1) or clear mention of hypogonadism in the inclusion criteria of patients;intervention:TRT;comparison:placebo or no therapy;outcomes:arterial thrombotic events(stroke,myocardial infarction[MI],upper limbs,and lower limbs),VTE(deep vein thrombosis[DVT],portal vein thrombosis,splenic thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism),and mortality.A total of 2423 abstracts were assessed for ***-four studies,including 14 randomized controlled trials(RCTs),were finally included,with a total of 4027 and 310288 hypotestosteronemic male patients,from RCTs and from observational studies,*** on RCT-derived data,TRT did not influence the risk of arterial thrombosis(odds ratio[OR]=1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.47-3.43,P=0.64),stroke(OR=1.34,95%CI:0.09-18.97,P=0.83),MI(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.11-2.31,P=0.39),VTE(OR=1.42,95%CI:0.22-9.03,P=0.71),pulmonary embolism(OR=1.38,95%CI:0.27-7.04,P=0.70),and mortality(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.20-2.38,P=0.56).Meanwhile,when only observational studies are considered,a significant reduction in the risk of developing arterial thrombotic events,Ml,venous thromboembolism,and mortality was *** risk for DVT remains uncertain,due to the paucity of RCT-based *** in men with TT<12 nmol I^(-1) is safe from the risk of adverse cardiovascular *** studies specifically assessing the risk of DVT in men on TRT are needed.

关键词： hypogonadism testosterone testosterone replacement therapy thromboembolism thrombosis TRT

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Pandemic punch:SARS-CoV-2 hits pancreas

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1779-1780页

作者： Ninel Azoitei Sandra Heller Alexander Kleger institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology Clinic of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health systems,revealing the extensive repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 beyond respiratory ***,traditionally considered a respiratory virus,SARS-CoV-2’s showcased the ability to target multiple organ systems including pancreas,an organ crucial for regulating blood sugar levels and aiding digestion.

关键词： pancreas respiratory traditionally

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Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael J.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

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The Transmission,Establishment and Cross-cultural Integration of Chinese Medicine in the Mainstream Healthcare,through the Eyes of a Generation of Visionaries and Pioneers

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 1-4页

作者： Ioannis Solos Charles Buck Saint George clinic and Research institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom

It has historically been very difficult to trace the history of the westward transmission of Chinese medicine through the accounts of its protagonists. Many of the early scholars such as Jack Worsley, Dick Van Buren, and Joe Goodman were reluctant to divulge information about the source of their knowledge, or their professional qualifications. Others, such as John Shen and Hong Yuan-bain were early 20th century immigrants who transmitted highly personalized versions of acupuncture and Chinese medicine to select disciples. Eventually, a new class of scholars appeared, including names such as Ted Kaptchuk, Peter Deadman, Nigel Wiseman, William Morris, Peter Eckman, John Mc Donald, Charles Buck, and the late Giovanni Maciocia who looked for answers back in China, developed translation methodologies and terminology, compiled the main textbooks currently in use at TCM colleges, overcame enormous scholastic adversity, developed courses and pursued the regulation and accreditation of TCM in various countries. This special issue synopsizes the path towards the global acculturation of TCM over the last 50 years, the main protagonists, the enormous accomplishments they have achieved for the profession, their philosophy, their clinical perspectives and visions for the future.

关键词： Chinese medicine Cross-cultural integration Westward transmission James Reston Acupuncture History

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Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1384-1389页

作者： Afif Nakhleh Elya Halfin Naim Shehadeh institute of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismRambam Health Care CampusHaifa 3109601Israel Diabetes and Endocrinology clinic Maccabi Healthcare ServicesHaifa 3299001Israel The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed 1311502Israel

The surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is tightly linked to obesity,leading to ectopic fat accumulation in internal *** management has become a cornerstone of T2DM treatment,with evidence suggesting that significant weight loss can induce ***,defined as sustained hemoglobin(HbA1c)below 6.5% for at least 3 months without medication,can be achieved through various approaches,including lifestyle,medical,and surgical *** bariatric surgery offers significant remission rates,particularly for patients with severe *** lifestyle modifications,including lowcalorie diets and exercise,have also demonstrated significant *** like incretin-based agents show robust results in improving beta-cell function,achieving glycemic control,and promoting weight *** complete remission without medication may not be attainable for everyone,especially those with severe insulin resistance or deficiency,early and aggressive glycemic control remains a crucial *** HbA1c below 6.5%from the time of diagnosis reduces the risk of long-term complications and ***,considering a broader definition of remission,encompassing individuals with sustained control on medication,could offer a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to managing this chronic disease.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Remission Lifestyle intervention Metabolic bariatric surgery Glucose-lowering medications Weight management medications

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Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

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Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson’s Disease:A Review from Pathology to clinic

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 500-516页

作者： Wen-Xiang Duan Fen Wang Jun-Yi Liu Chun-Feng Liu Department of Neurology and clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215004China Department of Neurology Dushu Lake Hospital affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhou215125China jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and institute of Neuroscience Soochow UniversitySuzhou215123China

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a complicated neurodegenerative disease,characterized by the accumulation ofα-synuclein(α-syn)in Lewy bodies and neurites,and massive loss of midbrain dopamine *** evidence suggests that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are involved in the development of *** these,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),the most abundant microbial metabolites,have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut *** this review,we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as well as their correlation with motor and non-motor *** research should focus on further elucidating the role of SCFAs in neuroinflammation,as well as developing novel strategies employing SCFAs and their derivatives to treat PD.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Short-chain fatty acids Microbial metabolites Brain-gut-microbiota axis

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A Conversation with Professor Ted Kaptchuk,a Key Architect of Modern TCM in the West

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 5-18页

作者： Ioannis Solos Charles Buck Ted Kaptchuk Saint George clinic and Research institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom Harvard Medical School Boston 02115the United States of America

The interview was conducted on November 20th,2022 by Ioannis Solos and Charles *** Kaptchuk(泰开阳)is a Professor of Medicine and a Professor of Global Health&Social Medicine at Harvard Medical *** 1975,he graduated from the Macao institute of Chinese Medicine,Macao,*** returning to the West,Ted taught Chinese medicine throughout the States,Europe,Latin America,and ***’s book,The Web that Has No Weaver:Understanding Chinese Medicine is a groundbreaking explanation of East Asian medicine that continues to shape the discourse of the Chinese medicine profession in the West and has been translated into 13 *** 1990,Ted was recruited in Harvard Medical School to help research Chinese *** encountering high placebo responses in multiple acupuncture clinical trials,Ted decided to switch his career to primarily studying *** has published over 300 peer-reviewed *** has been awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society of Acupuncture Research(2015),the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies(2021),and the William Silen Lifetime Achievement Award in Mentoring from Harvard Medical School(2022).

关键词： Acupuncture acupuncture TCM

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