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Habitat-dependent diversification and parallel molecular evolution： Water scavenger beetles as a case study

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 561-570页

作者： Ke-Qing SONG Huai-Jun XUE Rolf G BEUTEL Ming BAI Dong-Ju BIAN Jie LIU Yong-Ying RUAN Wen-Zhu LI Feng-Long JIA Xing-Ke YANG Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematic s and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie FSU Jena Jena Germany Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Institute of Entomology School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

Habitat shift is a key innovation that has contributed to the extreme diversification of insects. Most groups are well-adapted to more or less specific environments and shifts usually only happen between similar habitats. To colonize a pro- foundly different habitat type does not only present ecological opportunities but also great challenges. We used Hydrophiloidea （water scavenger beetles） as a system to study transitions between terrestrial and aquatic environments. We estimated the diversi- fication rate of different clades using phylogenetic trees based on a representative taxon sampling and six genes. We also investi- gated possible evolutionary changes in candidate genes following habitat shifts. Our results suggest that the diversification rate is relatively slow （0.039-0.050 sp/My） in the aquatic lineage, whereas it is distinctly increased in the secondarily terrestrial clade （0.055-0.075 sp/My）. Our results also show that aquatic species have a G （Glycine） or S （Serine） amino acid at a given site of COI, while terrestrial species share an A （Alanine） amino acid with terrestrial outgroups. This indicates that habitat factors may create selection pressure on the evolution of functional genes and cause homoplasy in molecular evolution [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 561-570, 2014 ]

关键词： Hydrophiloidea Habitat shift Diversification rate Parallel molecular evolution

Low-power emerging memristive designs towards secure hardware systems for applications in internet of things

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Nano Materials Science 2021年第2期3卷 186-204页

作者： Nan Du Heidemarie Schmidt Ilia Polian Department Nano Device Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano SystemsTechnologie-Campus 309126ChemnitzGermany Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Chemnitz University of Technology(TU Chemnitz)Straße der Nationen 6209126ChemnitzGermany Department of Quantum Detection Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology(IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Str.907745JenaGermany Institute for Solid State Physics Friedrich Schiller University JenaFürstengraben 107743JenaGermany Institute of Computer Engineering and Computer Architecture(ITI) University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany

Emerging memristive devices offer enormous advantages for applications such as non-volatile memories and inmemory computing(IMC),but there is a rising interest in using memristive technologies for security applications in the era of internet of things(IoT).In this review article,for achieving secure hardware systems in IoT,lowpower design techniques based on emerging memristive technology for hardware security primitives/systems are *** reviewing the state-of-the-art in three highlighted memristive application areas,*** non-volatile memory,memristive reconfigurable logic computing and memristive artificial intelligent computing,their application-level impacts on the novel implementations of secret key generation,crypto functions and machine learning attacks are explored,*** the low-power security applications in IoT,it is essential to understand how to best realize cryptographic circuitry using memristive circuitries,and to assess the implications of memristive crypto implementations on security and to develop novel computing paradigms that will enhance their *** review article aims to help researchers to explore security solutions,to analyze new possible threats and to develop corresponding protections for the secure hardware systems based on low-cost memristive circuit designs.

关键词： Memristive technology Nanoelectronic device Low-power consumption Miniaturization Nonvolatility Reconfigurability In memory computing Artificial intelligence Hardware security primitives Machine learning-related attacks and defenses

Dielectric metasurfaces for distance measurements and three-dimensional imaging

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Advanced Photonics 2019年第3期1卷 20-28页

作者： Chunqi Jin Mina Afsharnia RenéBerlich Stefan Fasold Chengjun Zou Dennis Arslan Isabelle Staude Thomas Pertsch Frank Setzpfandt Friedrich Schiller University jena Institute of Applied PhysicsAbbe Center of PhotonicsJenaGermany Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChangchunChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering JenaGermany

Ultrathin metasurfaces have shown the capability to influence all aspects of light *** has made them promising options for replacing conventional bulky imaging optics while adding advantageous optical properties or *** demonstrate that such metasurfaces can also be applied for single-lens three-dimensional(3-D)imaging based on a specifically engineered point-spread function(PSF).Using Huygens’metasurfaces with high transmission,we design and realize a phase mask that implements a rotating PSF for 3-D *** experimentally characterize the properties of the realized double-helix PSF,finding that it can uniquely encode object distances within a wide ***,we experimentally demonstrate wide-field depth retrieval within a 3-D scene,showing the suitability of metasurfaces to realize optics for 3-D imaging,using just a single camera and lens system.

关键词： optics nanophotonics metasurfaces Mie-resonances three-dimensional imaging point-spread function engineering

Ecological differences of south polar skua populations from Fildes Peninsula of King George Island and eastern Larsemann Hills, Antarctica

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2004年第2期15卷 98-107页

作者：王自磐 Hans-Ulrich Peter Second Institute of Oceanography SOA Hangzhou 310012 China Ecology Institute of jena University Jena D-07743 Germany

A study has been done on the comparison of nesting and feeding behavior, population variances as well as breeding success between two populations of south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) from near Great Wall station on Fildes Peninsula and near Zhongshan station in Eastern Larsemann Hills, Antarctica. There are evident differences in their population ecology. The foraging habit is much related to regional ecosystem and food resources near their territorial area. Dependence on human food waste influences skua's diet,which considerably affects their behavior even population variation in both areas. The skuas in Zhongshan Station,could shorten and/or regulate the timing for their egg laying and hatching, and take precedence of one chick brooding, for keeping their breeding success, and subsequent species continuation.

关键词： south polar skua population ecology Antarctica.

<i>In</i>-<i>Situ</i>XAFS Characterization of PtPd Nanoparticles Synthesized by Galvanic Replacement

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2017年第2期6卷 75-91页

作者： Simon Tymen Andreas C. Scheinost Christian Friebe Ulrich S. Schubert Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Germany The Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchroton European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) Grenoble France and Molecular Structure Division Institute of Radiochemistry Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) Dresden Germany Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry jena (CEEC jena) Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Germany jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Germany

Platinum-palladium nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized with regard to their application in fuel cells due to their high (electro) catalytic activity. Different preparation times are applied leading to different structures, from Pd cubic to core-shell PtPd concave, and different chemical compositions. The resulting particles are studied via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. The latter allows the investigation of the oxygen reduction reaction following the variations with varying applied potentials by analysis using the Iterative Transformation Factor Analysis (ITFA) and the creation of a two-component system that consists of metallic Pt-Pd and the related oxide. With the used model, the different concentrations of the oxide are linked to the consecutive chemical steps of the oxygen reduction reaction. Finally, the catalytic activity of the particles is determined via linear scanning voltammetry and reveals a dependence on the shape and the composition of the particles.

关键词： Platinum Palladium Nanoparticles Oxygen Reduction Reaction In-Situ XAFS ITFA

The role of net ecosystem productivity and of inventories in climate change research:the need for “net ecosystem productivity with harvest”,NEPH

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 199-206页

作者： E.D.Schulze R.Valentini O.Bouriaud Max planck institute for biogeochemistry box 100164jenagermany Department of forest environment and resources university of tuscia01100 viterboitaly Laboratoire d’inventaire forestier ignnancyfrance

Background:There is an urgent need for quantifying the terrestrial carbon sink in the context of global carbon ***,neither the flux measurements,nor the national wood balances fulfil this *** this discussion article we point at various shortcomings and necessary improvements of these approaches in order to achieve a true quantification of the carbon exchange of land ***:We discuss the necessity of incorporating all lateral fluxes,but mainly the export of biomass by harvest,into the flux balance and to recognize feedbacks between management and fluxes to make flux measurements compatible with *** the same time,we discuss the necessity that national reports of wood use need to fully recognize the use of wood for energy *** approaches of establishing an ecosystem carbon balance,fluxes and inventories,have ***:Including harvest and feedbacks by management appears to be the main requirement for the flux approach.A better quantification of wood use for bioenergy seems a real need for integrating the national wood balances into the global carbon cycle.

关键词： Terrestrial carbon sink Flux measurements Carbon inventories National wood balances

Density-dependent carrier-envelope phase shift in attosecond pulse generation from relativistically oscillating mirrors

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 41-48页

作者： Rishat Zagidullin Stefan Tietze Matt Zepf Jingwei Wang Sergey Rykovanov Center for AI Technologies Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussia Helmholtz-Institute jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Friedrich-Schiller-Universität jena Physikalisch-Astronomische FakultätMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser ScienceShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

The carrier-envelope phase(CEP)φ_(0)is one of the key parameters in the generation of isolated attosecond *** particular,“cosine”pulses(φ_(0)=0)are best suited for generation of single attosecond pulses in atomic ***“cosine”pulses have the peak of the most intense cycle aligned with the peak of the pulse envelope,and therefore have the highest contrast between the peak intensity and the neighboring *** this paper,the dynamics of single attosecond pulse generation from a relativistically oscillating plasma mirror is *** use an elementary analytical model as well as particle-in-cell simulations to study few-cycle attosecond *** find that the phase of the field driving the surface oscillations depends on the plasma density and preplasma scale *** leads us to a counterintuitive conclusion:for the case of normal incidence and a sharp plasma-vacuum boundary,the CEP required for the generation of a single attosecond pulse phase is closer toφ_(0)=π/2(a“sine”pulse),with the exact value depending on the plasma parameters.

关键词： envelope oscillating relativistic

Occurrence of organochlorine pollutants in the eggs and dropping-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第7期50卷 1086-1096页

作者： Vetter WALTER Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt jena Lehrbereich LebensmittelchemieDornburger Str. 25D-07743 JenaGermany

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are analyzed for the dropping-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hepata-chlorobiphenyls,hexachlorobiphenyls,p,p′-DDE and α-HCH compounds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of ΣPCB,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g respectively; those in the eggs of penguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant petrel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g respectively. The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB180,PCB153,p,p′-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The present study shows that the concentration of POPs in the sea-bird-inhabited-dropping-amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of dif-ferent seabird populations. Statistical analysis on the POP concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern,and nest occupation. Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern. This shows that POPs accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210Pb dating for the dropping-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was performed,which provided the POP accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil profile. It indicates that POP will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.

关键词： persistent organochlorine pollutant animal habitats dropping-amended soil seabird egg Antarctica

A silent network’s resounding success:how mutations of core metabolic genes confer antibiotic resistance

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第9期6卷 2601-2602页

作者： Gamal Wareth Heinrich Neubauer Lisa D.Sprague Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Institute of Bacterial Infection and ZoonosesJenaGermany Department of Bacteriology Mycology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityToukhEgypt

A largely underrated factor in antibiotic resistance is the role of metabolic *** a recent paper published in Science,Lopatkin et al.1 used different in vitro evolution protocols and extensive sequencing data analyses to demonstrate that metabolic mutations develop in response to antibiotic treatment in clinically relevant bacteria(Fig.1).

关键词： resistance network silent