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Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease through new blood-brain barrier models

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1954-1960页

作者： Kinya Matsuo Hideaki Nshihara Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine YamaguchiJapan Department of Neurotherapeutics Yamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan

The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous ***-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,stroke,multiple sclerosis,and Parkinson’s ***,it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration,but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal ***,the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective *** elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases,there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional ***,several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been *** in the Alzheimer’s disease field,the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain *** this review,we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease from pathological analyses,imaging studies,animal models,and stem cell ***,we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier human induced pluripotent stem cells

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Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for acute esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with band ligation: A large observational study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 238-251页

作者： Chikamasa Ichita Sayuri Shimizu Tadahiro Goto Uojima Haruki Naoya Itoh Masao Iwagami Akiko Sasaki Gastroenterology Medicine Center Shonan Kamakura General HospitalKamakura 247-8533KanagawaJapan Department of Health Data science Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 236-0027KanagawaJapan TXP Research TXP Medical Co.Ltd.Chiyoda-ku 101-0042TokyoJapan Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics School of Public HealthThe University of TokyoBunkyo-ku 113-0033TokyoJapan Department of Genome Medical sciences Project Research InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawa 272-8516ChibaJapan Division of Infectious Diseases Aichi Cancer CenterNagoya 464-8681AichiJapan Department of Health Services Research Institute of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8575IbarakiJapan

BACKGROUND Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication associated with liver cirrhosis and typically necessitates endoscopic *** current standard treatment is endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL),and Western guidelines recom-mend antibiotic prophylaxis following ***,given the impro-vements in prognosis for variceal bleeding due to advancements in the management of bleeding and treatments of liver cirrhosis and the global concerns regarding the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,there is a need to reassess the use of routine antibiotic prophylaxis after *** To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients treated for *** We conducted a 13-year observational study using the Tokushukai medical database across 46 *** were divided into the prophylaxis group(received antibiotics on admission or the next day)and the non-prophylaxis group(did not receive antibiotics within one day of admission).The primary outcome was composed of 6-wk mortality,4-wk rebleeding,and 4-wk spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).The secondary outcomes were each individual result and in-hospital mortality.A logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting was used.A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the Child-Pugh classification to determine its influence on the primary outcome measures,while sensitivity analyses for antibiotic type and duration were also *** Among 980 patients,790 were included(prophylaxis:232,non-prophylaxis:558).Most patients were males under the age of 65 years with a median Child-Pugh score of *** composite primary outcomes occurred in 11.2%of patients in the prophylaxis group and 9.5%in the non-prophylaxis *** significant differences in outcomes were observed between the groups(adjusted odds ratio,1.11;95%confidence interval,0.61-1.99;P=0.74).Individual outcomes such as 6-wk mortality,4-wk rebleeding,4-wk onset of SBP,and in-hospital mo

关键词： Esophageal varices Endoscopic hemostasis Antibiotic prophylaxis Liver cirrhosis Inverse probability of treatment weighting

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Experimental study on boundary lubricity of superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 981-996页

作者： Wenxiao LI Takehiro MORITA Yoshinori SAWAE Departure of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu UniversityFukuoka8190395Japan International Institute for Carton-Neutral Energy Research Kyushu UniversityFukuoka8190395Japan Advanced Research Center for Biomechanics Kyushu UniversityFukuoka8190395Japan

The boundary lubrication mechanism at the articulating surface of natural synovial joints has been the subject of much discussion in *** this study,to elucidate the lubricating function of the superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid(SF),cartilage specimens were processed with four different treatments:gentle and severe washing with detergent,incubation in NaCl solution,and trypsin digestion to selectively remove certain constituents from the cartilage ***,the frictional characteristics were examined in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)and SF against *** reciprocating sliding tests with a spherical glass probe and square articular cartilage specimens were performed at low contact loads in the mN range to extract the frictional behavior in the superficial area of the cartilage ***,the cartilage surface was observed to confirm the effects of treatments on the morphology of the cartilage surface using a fluorescence microscope and water-immersion *** coefficient of friction(COF)of the prepared cartilage specimens was varied from 0.05 to over 0.3 in ***,a certain group of cartilage specimens exhibited a low COF of less than 0.1 with limited *** the low COF group of specimens,all four treatments increased the COF in PBS to different extents,and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the integrity of the cartilage surface was deteriorated by *** means that the intact cartilage surface had lubricating constituents to maintain low friction,and the removal of such constituents resulted in the loss of the intrinsic boundary lubricity of the cartilage *** variation in the COF of the cartilage specimens was suppressed in SF because it had a clear boundary lubrication effect on the cartilage *** lubricating effect of SF could be confirmed even after degenerative treatment.

关键词： articular cartilage synovial fluid the uppermost superficial layer boundary lubrication

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Chirality enables thermal magnon transistors

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 161-166页

作者： Tao Yu Chengyuan Cai Gerrit E.W.Bauer School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China .WPI-AIMR and Institute for Materials Research and SCIS Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Kavli Institute for Theoretical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We report a theory of thermal spin pumping into proximity magnets under a transverse-bias-driven heat flow of magnons in magnetic films when the dipolar coupling to the magnetic gate is tuned to be “chiral”. While there is no rectification of the magnon current in the film, we predict that chirality diverts a large percentage(50% for perfect chirality) of it into the gate. This transverse thermal spin pumping effect can be controlled by rotating the film magnetization and may help manage the heat flow in future magnonic circuits.

关键词： magnon chirality quantum transport transistor

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Geometrical transition properties of vortex cavitation and associated flow-choking characteristics in poppet valves

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第6期25卷 455-469页

作者： Liang LU Zhongdong LIANG Yuming LIU Zhipeng WANG Shohei RYU School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Frontiers science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji UniversityShanghai 201210China Technical Research Laboratory Hitachi Construction Machinery Co.Ltd.Tsuchiura 300-0013Japan

Poppet valves have become increasingly significant in ensuring precise digital flow rate and pressure control in hydraulic systems,necessitating a more profound understanding of the geometrical properties of cavitation in them,as well as associated flow-choking *** a comparative analysis with experimentally observed cavity images,we found that large eddy simulation(LES)turbulence modeling effectively replicates the geometrical properties of cavitation in these *** analysis demonstrated that cavitation is generated from vortices that result from the interaction between the notch contracta flow and the surrounding fluid *** in the internal or external vena contracta conditions result in fixed or discrete cavities,and the length-to-diameter ratio serves as a measure of the transition between internal and external vena contracta flow *** study establishes a threshold length-to-diameter ratio of approximately 2 for the tested poppet *** specifically,in notch structures with a smaller valve opening,longer sealing length,and smaller throttling angle(corresponding to a larger length-to-diameter ratio),the liquid-to-vapor transfer process is more evident than that in the reverse direction.A long-standing vapor cavity becomes fixed inside the notch,leading to a more pronounced flow-choking *** contrast,for structures with a smaller length-to-diameter ratio,the cavitation process for discrete vapor cavities is more complete,ensuring fluid flow continuity and significantly reducing the occurrence of the flow-choking phenomenon.

关键词： Poppet valves Vena contracta Vortex flow Vapor cavity Flow-choking

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Identification of telomere maintenance gene variations related to lung adenocarcinoma risk by genome-wide association and whole genome sequencing analyses

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Cancer Communications 2024年第2期44卷 287-293页

作者： Kouya Shiraishi Atsushi Takahashi Yukihide Momozawa Yataro Daigo Syuzo Kaneko Takahisa Kawaguchi Hideo Kunitoh Shingo Matsumoto Hidehito Horinouchi Akiteru Goto Takayuki Honda Kimihiro Shimizu Masahiro Torasawa Daisuke Takayanagi Motonobu Saito Akira Saito Yuichiro Ohe Shun-ichi Watanabe Koichi Goto Masahiro Tsuboi Katsuya Tsuchihara Sadaaki Takata Tomomi Aoi Atsushi Takano Masashi Kobayashi Yohei Miyagi Kazumi Tanaka Hiroyuki Suzuki Daichi Maeda Takumi Yamaura Maiko Matsuda Yoko Shimada Takaaki Mizuno Hiromi Sakamoto Teruhiko Yoshida Yasushi Goto Tatsuya Yoshida Taiki Yamaji Makoto Sonobe Shinichi Toyooka Kazue Yoneda Katsuhiro Masago Fumihiro Tanaka Megumi Hara Nobuo Fuse Satoshi S.Nishizuka Noriko Motoi Norie Sawada Yuichiro Nishida Kazuki Kumada Kenji Takeuchi Kozo Tanno Yasushi Yatabe Kuniko Sunami Tomoyuki Hishida Yasunari Miyazaki Hidemi Ito Mitsuhiro Amemiya Hirohiko Totsuka Haruhiko Nakayama Tomoyuki Yokose Kazuyoshi Ishigaki Toshiteru Nagashima Yoichi Ohtaki Kazuhiro Imai Ken Takasawa Yoshihiro Minamiya Kazuma Kobayashi Kenichi Okubo Kenji Wakai Atsushi Shimizu Masayuki Yamamoto Motoki Iwasaki Koichi Matsuda Johji Inazawa Yuichi Shiraishi Hiroyoshi Nishikawa Yoshinori Murakami Michiaki Kubo Fumihiko Matsuda Yoichiro Kamatani Ryuji Hamamoto Keitaro Matsuo Takashi Kohno Division of Genome Biology National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan Department of Clinical Genomics National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan Laboratory for Statistical Analysis Center for Integrative Medical SciencesRIKENYokohamaJapan Department of Genomic Medicine Research InstituteNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan Laboratory for Genotyping Development Center for Integrative Medical SciencesRIKENYokohamaJapan Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research HospitalInstitute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center and Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan Division of Medical AI Research and Development National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan Center for Genomic Medicine Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Medical Oncology Japanese Red Cross Medical CenterTokyoJapan Department of Thoracic Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital EastJapan Department of Thoracic Oncology National Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology Graduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Division of General Thoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoNaganoJapan Department of General Surgical science Division of General Thoracic SurgeryGunma University Graduate School of MedicineIntegrative Center of General SurgeryGunma University HospitalGunmaJapan Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan StaGen Co. LtdTokyoJapan Division of Thoracic Surgery National Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan Department of Thoracic Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital EastChibaJapan Division of Translational Informatics Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center(EPOC

Dear editor,Lung carcinoma is responsible for the highest fatal-ity rate among cancer-related deaths globally,with lung adenocarcinoma(LADC)emerging as the prevailing sub-type.

关键词： adenocarcinoma lung Lung

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Knockout of a rice K5.2 gene increases Ca accumulation in the grain

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 252-264页

作者： Peitong Wang Naoki Yamaji Namiki Mitani-Ueno Jun Ge Jian Feng Ma National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Plant science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki 710-0046Japan

Rice is a staple food for half of the world’s population,but it is a poor dietary source of calcium(Ca)due to the low *** is an important issue to boost Ca concentration in this grain to improve Ca deficiency risk,but the mechanisms underlying Ca accumulation are poorly ***,we obtained a rice(Oryza sativa)mutant with high shoot Ca *** mutant exhibited 26%-53% higher Ca in shoots than did wild-type rice(WT)at different Ca *** concentration in the xylem sap was 36% higher in the mutant than in the *** was no difference in agronomic traits between the WT and mutant,but the mutant showed 25% higher Ca in the polished grain compared with the ***-based cloning combined with a complementation test revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by an 18-bp deletion of a gene,OsK5.2,belonging to the Shaker-like K+channel ***5.2 was highly expressed in the mature region of the roots and its expression in the roots was not affected by Ca levels,but upregulated by low *** showed that OsK5.2 was mainly expressed in the pericycle of the *** together,our results revealed a novel role for OsK5.2 in Ca translocation in rice,and will be a good target for Ca biofortification in rice.

关键词： accumulation biofortification calcium OsK5.2 pericycle rice translocation

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TiO₂-PES Fibrous Composite Material for Ammonia Removal Using UV-A Photocatalyst

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Journal of Materials science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Anh Phuong Le Thi Masaru Ohshiro Takaomi Kobayashi Department of science and Technology Innovation Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka Japan Kasai Corporation Niigata Japan

This study focused on the development and characterization of TiO2-PES composite fibers with varying TiO2 loading amounts using a phase inversion process. The resulting composite fibers exhibited a sponge-like structure with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles within a polymer matrix. Their photocatalytic performance for ammonia removal from aqueous solutions under UV-A light exposure was thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that PeTi8 composite fibers displayed superior adsorption capacity compared to other samples. Moreover, the study explored the impact of pH, light intensity, and catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms closely followed the Langmuir model, with the results indicating a correlation between qm values of 2.49 mg/g and the porous structure of the adsorbents. The research underscored the efficacy of TiO2 composite fibers in the photocatalytic removal of aqueous under UV-A light. Notably, increasing the distance between the photocatalyst and the light source resulted in de-creased hydroxyl radical concentration, influencing photocatalytic efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of TiO2 composite fibers as promising photocatalysts for ammonia removal in water treatment applications.

关键词： Ammonia Removal Photocatalyst TiO2-PES Composite Fiber Fibrous Material

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Early warning method for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries under thermal abuse condition based on online electrochemical impedance monitoring

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 74-86页

作者： Yuxuan Li Lihua Jiang Ningjie Zhang Zesen Wei Wenxin Mei Qiangling Duan Jinhua Sun Qingsong Wang State Key Laboratory of Fire science University of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhui 230026HefeiChin

Early warning of thermal runaway(TR)of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is a significant challenge in current application *** and effective TR early warning technology is urgently required considering the current fire safety situation of *** this work,we report an early warning method of TR with online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)monitoring,which overcomes the shortcomings of warning methods based on traditional signals such as temperature,gas,and pressure with obvious delay and high *** in-situ data acquisition through accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC)-EIS test,the crucial features of TR were extracted using the RReliefF *** mechanisms corresponding to the features at specific frequencies were ***,a three-level warning strategy for single battery,series module,and parallel module was formulated,which can successfully send out an early warning signal ahead of the self-heating temperature of battery under thermal abuse *** technology can provide a reliable basis for the timely intervention of battery thermal management and fire protection systems and is expected to be applied to electric vehicles and energy storage devices to realize early warning and improve battery safety.

关键词： Online EIS measurement Lithium-ion batterysafety Multistage thermal runaway early warning Sensitivityanalysis

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Boundary Conditions for Momentum and Vorticity at an Interface between Two Fluids

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 16-33页

作者： Korekazu Ueyama Graduate School of Engineering science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan

Boundary conditions for momentum and vorticity have been precisely derived, paying attention to the physical meaning of each mathematical expression of terms rigorously obtained from the basic equations: Navier-Stokes equation and the equation of vorticity transport. It has been shown first that a contribution of fluid molecules crossing over a conceptual surface moving with fluid velocity due to their fluctuating motion is essentially important to understanding transport phenomena of momentum and vorticity. A notion of surface layers, which are thin layers at both sides of an interface, has been introduced next to elucidate the transporting mechanism of momentum and vorticity from one phase to the other at an interface through which no fluid molecules are crossing over. A fact that a size of δV, in which reliable values of density, momentum, and velocity of fluid are respectively defined as a volume-averaged mass of fluid molecules, a volume-averaged momentum of fluid molecules and a mass-averaged velocity of fluid molecules, is not infinitesimal but finite has been one of the key factors leading to the boundary conditions for vorticity at an interface between two fluids. The most distinguished characteristics of the boundary conditions derived here are the zero-value conditions for a normal component of momentum flux and tangential components of vorticity flux, at an interface.

关键词： Boundary Condition for Vorticity Surface Layer Interface Momentum Flux Vorticity Flux

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