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Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

Animal nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 126-136页

作者： Faith A.Omonijo Liju Ni Joshua Gong Qi Wang Ludovic Lahaye Chengbo Yang Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba Shanghai Lab-Animal Research Center Guelph Food Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada jefo nutrition Inc.

This review article summarizes the efficacy, feasibility and potential mechanisms of the application of essential oils as antibiotic alternatives in swine *** there are numerous studies demonstrating that essential oils have several properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects, feed palatability enhancement and improvement in gut growth and health, there is still a need of further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their *** the past,the results has been inconsistent in both laboratory and field studies because of the varied product compositions, dosages, purities and growing stages and conditions of *** minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of essential oils needed for killing enteric pathogens may not ensure the optimal feed intake and the essential oils inclusion cost may be too high in swine *** the lipophilic and volatile nature of essential oils, there is a challenge in effective delivery of essential oils within pig gut and this challenge can partially be resolved by microencapsulation and *** effects of essential oils on inflammation, oxidative stress, microbiome, gut chemosensing and bacterial quorum sensing(QS) have led to better production performance of animals fed essential oils in a number of *** has been demonstrated that essential oils have good potential as antibiotic alternatives in feeds for swine *** combination of different essential oils and other compounds(synergistic effect) such as organic acids seems to be a promising approach to improve the efficacy and safety of essential oils in ***-throughput systems technologies have been developed recently,which will allow us to dissect the mechanisms underlying the functions of essential oils and facilitate the use of essential oils in swine production.

关键词： Essential oils Organic acids Medium chain fatty acids Inflammation Oxidative stress Pigs

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Impact of essential oils and organic acids on the growth performance,digestive functions and immunity of broiler chickens

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Animal nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 388-393页

作者： Xin Yang Hongliang Xin Chengbo Yang Xiaojun Yang College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China jefo nutrition Inc. Saint-HyacintheQuebecJ2S 7B6Canada

The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of feeding blends of sorbic acid, fumaric acid, and thymol(EOA) on growth performance, digestive functions, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male Cobb 500 chicks with similar BW(41.8 ± 0.6 g) were randomly divided into 4dietary treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates with 16 birds per replicate and fed a basal diet until d 42(CON) or diets with 0.15 g/kg enramycin during the grower period(AG), 0.30 g/kg EOA during the grower period(EG), or 0.30 g/kg EOA during the finisher period(EF). At d 42, the feed conversion ratio was reduced(P < 0.05) for birds in EG group compared with other groups. Birds in EG group showed a higher villus height of the duodenum and jejunum and muscular layers of the duodenum and ileum than birds in CON group(P < 0.05). Compared with other groups, crypt depth of the jejunum and ileum was markedly increased(P < 0.05) by EOA supplementation during the finisher period at d 42. The EOA supplementation during grower period increased significantly lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of the duodenum at d 21 and 42, as well as lipase and trypsin at d 21, and trypsin and chymotrypsin at d 42 in the jejunum, and trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of the ileum at d 21 compared to the control diet(P < 0.05). Birds of EG and EF groups showed a higher(P < 0.05) spleen index than birds of CON group. The level of secretory immunoglobulin A in duodenal and ileal mucosa was increased(P < 0.05) in EF group at d 42 compared with other groups. In conclusion, the results indicate that EOA can be effectively applied in broiler diets, especially during the grower phase by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activity.

关键词： Broiler chicken Digestive functions Essential oils Growth performance Immunity Organic acids

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Effect of dietary supplementation with protease on growth performance,nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression of weaned piglets

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Animal nutrition 2015年第4期1卷 276-282页

作者： Jianjun Zuo Baoming Ling Lina Long Tiejun Li Ludovic Lahaye Chengbo Yang Dingyuan Feng College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesResearch Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry jefo nutrition Inc.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protease supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression in weaned piglets. A total of 300 weaned piglets(21 days of age Duroc x Large White x Landrace; initial BW = 6.27 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 5 groups. The 5 diets were: 1) positive control diet(PC), 2) negative control diet(NC), and 3) protease supplementations, which were 100, 200, and 300 mg per kg NC diet. Results indicated that final BW, ADG, ADFI, crude protein digestibility, enzyme activities of stomach pepsin, pancreatic amylase and trypsin, plasma total protein, and intestinal villus height were higher for the PC diet and the supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P < 0.05). Supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared with NC diet(P < 0.05). Feed to gain ratio, diarrhea index, blood urea nitrogen, and diamine oxidase were lower for the PC diet and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P < 0.05). Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher peptide transporter 1(PepTl) mRNA abundance in duodenum than piglets fed the NC diet(P < 0.05), and supplementations of 100, 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the PepTl mRNA abundance in duodenum(P < 0.05) comparing with the NC diet. Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum than piglets fed the NC diet(P < 0.05), and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum and ileum comparing with the NC diet(P < 0.05). In summary, dietary protease supplementation increases growth performance in weaned piglets, which may contribute to the improvement of intestinal development, protein digestibility, nutrient transport efficien

关键词： Growth performance Nutrient digestibility Morphology Gene expression Weaned piglets

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Effect of organic acids—essential oils blend and oat fiber combination on broiler chicken growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal health

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Animal nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1039-1051页

作者： Deborah I.Adewole Samson Oladokun Elizabeth Santin Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroNSB2N 5E3Canada b JEFO Nutrition Inc.Saint-HyacintheQC J2R 2E7Canada

This study evaluated the effect of organic acids-essential oils blend with or without oat hulls(OH)on growth performance,organ weights,blood parameters,gut morphology,microbiota,and short-chain fatty acids(SC FA)in ***-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dieta ry treatments consisting of 1)a corn-soybean meal-wheat based diet(BAS),2)BAS+0.05%bacitracin methylene disalicylate(BMD),3)BAS+protected organic acids-essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed(OE),and 4)BAS+protected organic acids-essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed+3%OH(OEOH),in 8 replicate *** was in starter(d0 to 14),grower(d 14 to 24),and finisher(d 24 to 36)*** weight(BW),feed intake(FI),feed conversion ratio(FCR),and mortality were determined *** d 36,8 chickens per treatment were sampled for blood biochemistry,organ weights,cecal SCFA production,and *** had no effect on FI and FCR at all *** OE and OEOH treatments reduced(P<0.001)the body weight gain of birds at the starter *** fed the OEOH treatment had higher(P<0.001)gizzard weight,while those offered the BMD diet showed a tendency(P=0.08)to have higher cecal *** in the OEOH treatment recorded increased ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio,as well as reduced duodenal crypt depth,while birds in the OE treatment had increased j ej unal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth *** OEOH and OE treatments increased the number of goblet cells produced in the duodenum and *** had no effecton SCFA *** in the OE treatment recorded the lowest concentration of blood urea(P=0.05)and cholesterol(P<0.05).Both OE and OEOH treatments increased(P<0.05)the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria in the genus Firmicutesunclassified,Ruminococcus,Turicibacter,and Erysipelotrichaceaeunclassified,while reducing(P<0.001)the relative abundance of potentially harmful ***,bo

关键词： Organic acid Essential oil Oat hull Broiler chicken Ceca microbiota

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Micro-encapsulated essential oils and organic acids combination improves intestinal barrier function,inflammatory responses and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4(K88^+)

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Animal nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 269-277页

作者： Yetong Xu Ludovic Lahaye Zhengxiao He Jinxiao Zhang Chengbo Yang Xiangshu Piao State Key Laboratory of Animal nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193china jefo nutrition Inc QuebecJ2S7B6Canada Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 2N2Canada

This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal barrier and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(K88^+).A total of 30 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)weaned barrows(7.41±0.06 kg,28 d old)were assigned randomly to 5 treatments:1)non-challenged positive control(PC),2)ETEC F4(K88^+)-challenged negative control(NC),3)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+free acidifier(FA)at 5 g/kg,4)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 1 g/kg(P1),5)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 2 g/kg(P2).Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates of one piglet each and the study lasted for 3 *** d 7,pigs in NC,FA,P1 and P2 were orally dosed with 10 mL of ETEC F4(K88^+)culture(1×10^9 CFU/mL).From d 7 to 14 after the ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge,P1 increased gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)significantly(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA *** d 14 to 21,P2 increased the average daily gain of pigs(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA *** with NC,P2 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations(P<0.05)in sera collected at 4 h later after ETEC F4(K88^+)*** d 21,P1 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein expression in ileum compared with NC(P<0.05).After this 3-wk experiment,alpha diversity of gut microbiota was decreased by P2 compared with PC,and P1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum,cecum and colon(P<0.05).In co nclusio n,dietary P(OA+EO)additive at 2 g/kg combined with antibiotics could improve piglet performance and attenuate inflammation,and P(OA+EO)additive at 1 g/kg combined with antibiotics improved intestinal barrier and increased beneficial microbiota composition after an F4(K88^+)challenge.

关键词： Essential oil Organic acid Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4(K88^+) Gut health Weaned piglet

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Assessment of the Effects of Supplemental Rumen Protected B Vitamins and Choline for Periparturient Cows: A Meta-Analysis of 28 Feeding Studies

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 151-165页

作者： Essi Evans Emilie Fontaine Ousama AlZahal Chris Gwyn E + E Technical Advisory Services Bowmanville Canada jefo nutrition Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe Canada AlZahal Innovation and nutrition Kitchener Canada

There are currently no prescribed requirements for B vitamins or choline for dairy cows during the transition period, but many recent studies have shown a variety of benefits from supplying these nutrients to periparturient cows. The purpose of this research effort was to determine the potential benefit of including a rumen protected blend composed of B vitamins (riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B12) and choline (RPBlend, jefo nutrition Inc., St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) for dairy cows during the transition period, based on results from 28 on-farm feeding studies (USA-12, Mexico-7, Canada-4, Chile-3, Australia-1, Brazil-1) conducted between 2011 and 2018. All farms participated in monthly herd management record keeping systems and were selected to participate in studies due to their excellent management. Meta-analyses in which risk differences were determined were used to assess the effects of the supplemental RPBlend on health parameters and reproduction. The effect size was used as the determinant of the possible contribution of RPblend on the yields of milk, energy corrected milk (ECM), fat and protein yields during the first four weeks of lactation. Results showed that the inclusion of RPblend reduced (P 0.10) with the inclusion of the BPBlend. The incidence rate of subclinical ketosis, determined as blood beta hydroxy butyric acid greater than 1.2 mM was lower (P (than those not supplemented. The proportion of cows confirmed pregnant by 100 days in milk was greater for cows given the BPBlend (P 0.10) while the yield of milk protein was greater (P

关键词： Lactating Dairy Cows Transition Period Rumen Protection B Vitamins Choline

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Effects of a rumen protected B vitamin blend substituted for biotin upon milk production and component yield in lactating dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 93-98页

作者： Essi Evans David T. Mair Essi Evans Technical Advisory Services Inc. Bowmanville Canada jefo nutrition Inc. Quebec Canada

Results from 4 switchback field trials involving 608 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) vs 10 mg of unprotected biotin upon milk yield (kg), fat %, protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yield (kg) in primiparous and multiparous cows. Trials consisted of 3 DHIA periods executed in the order control-test-control. Cows from 45 to 300 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment that were available for all 3 periods were included in the analysis. No diet changes other than the substitution of 3 grams/cow/day of the BVB for 10 mg of biotin during the test period occurred. Results from the two control periods were compared to results obtained during the test period by individual cow using a paired T test. Results for all cows showed that the provision of the BVB resulted in increased (P < 0.05) milk, fat percentage (%), protein %, fat yield and protein yield. Analysis by age revealed that milk production and milk protein yield were only improved in mature cows. Milk production had a negative effect upon the magnitude of the increase in milk components. The change in milk yield was greatest in early lactation and declined with DIM. Protein % and fat % increased with DIM in mature cows, but not in first lactation cows. Differences in fat yields between test and control feeding periods did not change with DIM, but the improvement in protein yield in mature cows declined with DIM. These results indicate that the BVB provided economically important advantages throughout lactation beyond those witnessed with biotin, but expected results would vary with cow age and stage of lactation.

关键词： B Vitamin Blend Biotin Milk Components

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Assessment of Lactational Performance in Dairy Cows Receiving a Rumen Protected B Vitamin Blend during Lactation: Part 2: A Regression Analysis of 50 Studies

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 623-634页

作者： Essi Evans Helene Leclerc Emilie Fontaine Ousama Al Zahal Elizabeth Santin E + E Technical Advisory Services Bowmanville Ontario Canada jefo nutrition Inc. St. Hyacinthe Quebec Canada AlZahal Innovation and nutrition Kitchener Ontario Canada

A previous series of meta-analyses demonstrated that a protected blend of B vitamins (RPBV: folic acid, B12, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, and biotin;jefo, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) improved milk fat and protein yiel... 详细信息

A previous series of meta-analyses demonstrated that a protected blend of B vitamins (RPBV: folic acid, B12, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, and biotin;Jefo, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) improved milk fat and protein yield, with variation in the extent of the response. These results represent additional analyses of the same dataset to determine if the degree of response to RPVB on milk, fat and protein yield might be related to the level of production, lactation number, or days in milk (DIM). Results from 50 on-farm switchback trials conducted in 7 countries between 2005 and 2015 were included in the analysis. All herds participated in monthly milk recording services, and all were Holstein herds. A total of 6483 cows, averaging 163 DIM on the first test date, participated in the studies. Data were analyzed using regression models that accounted for the effects of trial, period, days in milk (DIM) and lactation number on milk and component yield. Milk yield and fat yield increased with B vitamin inclusion, and the extent of change was determined to increase with lactation number (P -protected B vitamin blend = 4.05 + [0.917 ×

关键词： Meta-Regression Dairy nutrition Rumen Protection B Vitamins

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Effects of a rumen protected B vitamin blend upon milk production and component yield in lactating dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 76-82页

作者： Essi Evans David T. Mair Essi Evans Technical Advisory Services Inc. Bowmanville ON Canada jefo nutrition Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada

Results from 12 switchback field trials involving 1216 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) upon milk yield (kg), fat percentage (%), protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yield (kg) in primiparous and multiparous cows. Trials consisted of 3 test periods executed in the order control-test-control. No diet changes other than the inclusion of 3 grams/cow/ day of the BVB during the test period occurred. Means from the two control periods were compared to results obtained during the test period using a paired T test. Cows include in the analysis were between 45 and 300 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment and were continuously available for all periods. The provision of the BVB resulted in increased (P < 0.05) milk, fat %, protein %, fat yield and protein yield. Regression models showed that the amount of milk produced had no effect upon the magnitude of the increase in milk components. The increase in milk was greatest in early lactation and declined with DIM. Protein and fat % increased with DIM in mature cows, but not in first lactation cows. Differences in fat yields between test and control feeding periods did not change with DIM, but the improvement in protein yield in mature cows declined with DIM. These results indicate that the BVB provided economically important advantages throughout lactation, but expected results would vary with cow age and stage of lactation.

关键词： B Vitamin Blend Biotin Folic Acid Pyridoxine Pantothenic Acid

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Methods to Evaluate Rumen Protected Lysine for Dairy Cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2015年第4期5卷 495-499页

作者： Essi Evans Josh Lamont Helene Leclerc Technical Advisory Services Inc. Bowmanville Canada Atlantic Dairy and Forage Institute Fredericton Junction Canada jefo nutrition Inc St. Hyacinthe Canada

There are many rumen protected amino acid products available for dairy cattle feeding. However, feed formulation programs require values related to rumen solubility, rate of disappearance in the rumen and total tract digestibility and often such values are not available. In vivo testing procedures are complex, time consuming and expensive. This study was conducted to determine if a newrapid, lower cost in vitro method developed for feed ingredients could be applied to a rumen protected lysine product (DairynatLys-30, jefo nutrition Inc). In vivo determination of the rapidly solubilized protein fraction, rate of degradation of the slowly solubilized fraction and total tract digestibility studies were compared to the in vitro method in use in many ingredient analysis laboratories for feed ingredients such as forages, protein supplements and grains. Results showed that the rapidly soluble fraction (8.33% and 8.66% of total N for in vivo and in vitro methods) and rates of disappearance in the rumen (2.64%/h and 2.43%/h for in vivo and in vitro procedures) compared favorably between the two methods for the rumen protected product. Total tract digestibility values were slightly higher (84.4%) with the in vivo method used than with the in vitro method (75.9%), and both are in the expected calculated range of digestibility of 80%. In conclusion the in vitro method appears to be an acceptable alternative for evaluating rumen protected amino acids.

关键词： Rumen Protected Amino Acids Lysine In Vitro Testing

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