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Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of ethnicminority villages in China using geospatial technology and statistical models

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2770-2789页

作者： SHAO Dandan ZOH Kyungjin interdisciplinary program in Landscape Architecture Graduate School of Environmental StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

This study aims to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of 1,652 Ethnic-Minority Villages(EMV)in China and to analyze the mechanisms driving their spatial *** are a special type of settlement space that preserve a large number of historical traces of the ethnic culture of ancient *** are important carriers of China’s excellent traditional culture and are key to the implementation of rural revitalization *** this study,1652 EMV in China were selected as the research *** Nearest Neighbor Index,kernel density,and spatial autocorrelation index were employed to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of minority *** network models,spatial lag models,and geographical detectors were used to analyze the formation mechanism of spatial heterogeneity in *** results indicate that:(1)EMV exhibit significant spatial differentiation characterized by“single-core with multiple surrounding sub-centers,”“polarization between east and west,”“decreasing quantity from southwest to east coast to northeast to northwest,”and“large dispersion with small agglomeration.”(2)EMV are mainly distributed in areas rich in intangible cultural heritage,with high vegetation coverage and low altitude,far from central cities,and having limited arable land and an underdeveloped economy and transportation,particularly in shaded or riverbank areas.(3)Distance from the nearest river(X3),distance from central cities(X8),national intangible cultural heritage(X9),and NDVI(X10)were the main driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of EMV,whereas elevation(X1)and GDP(X5)had the weakest *** EMV are a relatively unique territorial spatial unit,the identification of their spatial heterogeneity characteristics not only deepens the research content of settlement geography,but also involves the assessment,protection,and development of Minority Villages,which is of great significance for the inheritance and utilization of excellent

关键词： Ethnic-Minority Villages Spatial structure Settlement geography Neural network model Spatial econometric model GeoDetector

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Two distinct subpopulations of marginal zone B cells exhibit differential antibody-producing capacities and radioresistance

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2024年第4期21卷 393-408页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko Hyun Woo Lee Won Joon Oh Hun Gi Hong Dinuka Ariyaratne Se Jin Im Tae Jin Kim Department of immunology Graduate School of Basic Medical ScienceSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of immunology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka Present address:immunology and Microbiology graduate program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA

Marginal zone(MZ)B cells,which are splenic innate-like B cells that rapidly secrete antibodies(Abs)against blood-borne pathogens,are composed of heterogeneous ***,we showed that MZ B cells can be divided into two distinct subpopulations according to their CD80 expression ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited greater Ab-producing,proliferative,and IL-10-secreting capacities than did CD80^(low)MZ B ***,CD80^(high)MZ B cells survived 2-Gy whole-body irradiation,whereas CD80^(low)MZ B cells were depleted by irradiation and then repleted with one month after *** of CD80^(low)MZ B cells led to accelerated development of type II collagen(CII)-induced arthritis upon immunization with bovine ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited higher expression of genes involved in proliferation,plasma cell differentiation,and the antioxidant ***80^(high)MZ B cells expressed more autoreactive B cell receptors(BCRs)that recognized double-stranded DNA or CII,expressed more immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences with shorter complementarity-determining region 3 sequences,and included more clonotypes with no N-nucleotides or with B-1a BCR sequences than CD80^(low)MZ B *** transfer experiments showed that CD21^(+)CD23^(+)transitional 2 MZ precursors preferentially generated CD80^(low)MZ B cells and that a proportion of CD80^(low)MZ B cells were converted into CD80^(high)MZ B cells;in contrast,CD80^(high)MZ B cells stably remained CD80^(high)MZ B *** summary,MZ B cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their CD80 expression levels,Ab-producing capacity,radioresistance,and autoreactivity,and these findings may suggest a hierarchical composition of MZ B cells with differential stability and BCR specificity.

关键词： Marginal Zone B Cell CD80 Autoreactivity Radioresistance

Rheological and stability analysis of cement pastes incorporating silica-based wastes

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 144-152页

作者： Julia da Rosa Martins Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha Dachamir Hotza Luciano Senff graduate program in Materials Science and Engineering(PPGMAT) Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Florianópolis88040-900SCBrazil graduate program in Civil Engineering(PPGEC) Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Florianópolis88040-900SCBrazil graduate program in Chemical Engineering(POSENQ) Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Florianópolis88040-900SCBrazil Department of Mobility Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Joinville89219-600SCBrazil

This study investigates the influence of waste characteristics,especially zeta potential,on the properties of cement pastes and *** focus is to evaluate the impact of the zeta potential of cement particles and waste materials on the sedimentation speed,rheology,and hardening time of stabilized cement *** Cement II F 40,retarder additive,silica,and fly ash were used in the *** pastes were prepared,and during the stabilization period,their rheological properties and pH were *** zeta potential and sedimentation speed of the cement and waste particles were measured at the pH that the pastes presented during the entire stabilization *** the stabilization period,the pastes were subjected to the hardening time *** zeta potential analyses revealed diverse values for the different powder types,with the cement particles exhibiting a zeta potential of−3.0 mV,the silica particles exhibiting−10.5 mV,and the fly ash particles exhibiting−20.3 *** influence of the high zeta potential modulus was observed on the sedimentation speed,with the solution containing fly ash exhibiting a speed of 40.01μm/s,whereas the solution containing only cement exhibited a speed of 99.38μm/*** the pastes,the results indicate that the presence of fly ash particles with a significantly negative zeta potential led to a 16%reduction in hardening time compared to particles with a lower modulus of zeta *** tests showed that the inclusion of fly ash particles prevented the formation of *** the zeta potential influenced agglomerate formation and hardening time,it was found to have no effect on yield stress or viscosity.

关键词： Wastes Zeta potential Setting time Rheometry

Spike N354 glycosylation augments SARS-CoV-2 fitness for human adaptation through structural plasticity

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 80-94页

作者： Pan Liu Can Yue Bo Meng Tianhe Xiao Sijie Yang Shuo Liu Fanchong Jian Qianhui Zhu Yuanling Yu Yanyan Ren Peng Wang Yixin Li Jinyue Wang Xin Mao Fei Shao Youchun Wang Ravindra Kumar Gupta Yunlong Cao Xiangxi Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of MacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic immunology&Infectious Disease(CITIID) University of Cambridge Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) Peking University Changping Laboratory Joint graduate program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College

Selective pressures have given rise to a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the prolonged course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently evolved variants differ from ancestors in additional glycosylation within the spike protein receptor-binding domain(RBD). Details of how the acquisition of glycosylation impacts viral fitness and human adaptation are not clearly understood. Here, we dissected the role of N354-linked glycosylation, acquired by BA.2.86 sub-lineages, as a RBD conformational control element in attenuating viral infectivity. The reduced infectivity is recovered in the presence of heparin sulfate, which targets the‘N354 pocket’ to ease restrictions of conformational transition resulting in a ‘RBD-up’ state, thereby conferring an adjustable infectivity. Furthermore, N354 glycosylation improved spike cleavage and cell–cell fusion, and in particular escaped one subset of ADCC antibodies. Together with reduced immunogenicity in hybrid immunity background, these indicate a single spike amino acid glycosylation event provides selective advantage in humans through multiple mechanisms.

关键词： coronavirus glycosylation viral fitness adjustable infectivity co-factor usage viral evolution conformational modulator

Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul, South Korea's Flood Risk Management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 317-331页

作者： Bokjin Ro Gregg Garfin School of Geography Development and Environment The University of Arizona interdisciplinary program for Disaster Crisis and Risk Management Sungkyunkwan University School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management research. Risks from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk governance. In this study, we examined participatory risk governance(PRG) of flood risk management(FRM) in Seoul, South Korea. We conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens, to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management, and to examine prospects for improving PRG in Seoul. We found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and *** informants believed that citizens' low awareness of flood risks hinders PRG. Yet our research found that citizens' risk awareness was not low, and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in PRG. Instead, we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions, and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to themselves. Moreover, the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other, which implies a lack of mutual understanding. To increase the eff ectiveness of PRG, we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group, and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of governance. Communication between government and citizen participants, designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM, will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

关键词： Citizen participation Flood risk management Participatory risk governance Risk awareness South Korea Urban flood risk

Solvent-Resistant Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 380-390页

作者： Yongtao Yu Yuelin Yu Hongyi Wu Tianshuo Gao Yi Zhang Jiajia Wu Jiawei Yan Jian Shi Hideaki Morikawa Chunhong Zhu graduate School of Medicine Science and Technology Shinshu University Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES) Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER) Shinshu University Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University

Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators （TENGs） have attracted attention owing to their ability to harvest energy from the surrounding environment without maintenance. Herein, polyetherimide–Al2O3（PAl） and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene （PVDF-HFP, PH） nanofiber membranes were used as tribo-positive and tribo-negative materials, respectively. Phytic aciddoped polyaniline （PANI）/cotton fabric （PPCF） and ethylenediamine （EDA）-crosslinked PAl （EPAl） nanofiber membranes were used as triboelectrode and triboencapsulation materials, respectively. The result showed that when the PAl–PH-based TENG was shaped as a circle with a radius of 1 cm, under the pressure of 50 N, and the frequency of 0.5 Hz, the open-circuit voltage (Voc)and short-circuit current (Isc) reached the highest value of 66.6 V and-93.4to 110.1 nA, respectively. Moreover, the PH-based TENG could be used as a fabric sensor to detect fabric composition and as a sensor-inductive switch for light bulbs or beeping warning devices. When the PAl–PH-based TENG was shaped as a 5×5 cm2rectangle, a 33μF capacitor could be charged to15 V in 28 s. Interestingly, compared to PAl nanofiber membranes, EPAl nanofiber membranes exhibited good dyeing properties and excellent solvent resistance. The PPCF exhibited <5%resistance change after washing,bending, and stretching.

关键词： energy-harvesting power supply sensors solvent-resistant wearable triboelectric nanogenerator

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins as an exogenously applied natural solution for prevention of postharvest fungal infections

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第3期9卷 481-493页

作者： Tiffany Chiu Yanran Li graduate program in Genetics Genomicsand Bioinformatics1140 Batchelor HallUniversity of California RiversideCalifornia92521USA program of Chemical Engineering Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92521USA

Polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins(PGIPs)are plant proteins involved in the inhibition of polygalacturonases(PGs),cell-wall degrading enzymes often secreted by phytopathogenic ***,we confirmed that PGIP2 from Phaseolus vulgaris(PvPGIP2)can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea on agar *** this study,we further validated the feasibility of using PGIP as an environmental and ecological friendly agent to prevent fungal infection *** found that application of either purified PGIP(full length PvPGIP2 or truncated tPvPGIP2_5-8),or PGIP-secreting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains can effectively inhibit fungal growth and necrotic lesions on tobacco *** also examined the effective amount and thermostability of PGIP when applied on plants.A concentration of 0.75 mg/mL or higher can significantly reduce the area of *** *** activity of full-length PvPGIPs is not affected after incubation at various temperatures ranging from􀀀20 to 42◦C for 24 h,while truncated tPvPGIP2_5-8 lost some efficacy after incubation at 42◦***,we have also examined the efficacy of PGIP on tomato *** the purified PvPGIP2 proteins were applied to tomato fruit inoculated with *** at a concentration of roughly 1.0 mg/mL,disease inci-dence and area of disease had reduced by more than half compared to the controls without PGIP *** study explores the potential of PGIPs as exogenously applied,eco-friendly fungal control agents on fruit and vegetables post-harvest.

关键词： PGIP Antifungal agent Pest control Postharvest treatment

Environmental toxicity assessment of chromium (III) oxide nanoparticles using a phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic approach

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第2期10卷 76-82页

作者： Uhram Song Kwon Soon Pyo Ho Hyun Song Sun ryung Lee Jieun Kim Department of Biology Jeju National UniversityJeju63243South Korea Department of interdisciplinary program in Biomedical Science Graduate SchoolSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanChungcheongnam-doSouth Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine Soonchunhyang University Seoul HospitalSeoul04401South Korea

Chromium(III)oxide nanoparticles(NPs)have a wide range of industrial applications,particularly in the production of lithium-ion batteries;however,the toxicity of these NPs has not been studied *** phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of chromium(III)oxide NPs have not been assessed,and only one study reported their cytotoxicity,underscoring the need to perform comprehensive toxicity studies on these ***,we showed that chromium(III)oxide NPs had no effect on germination rates,and only decreased root elongation in *** as determined by root elongation and biomass ***(III)oxide NPs had no phytotoxic effects under environmental realistic conditions,whereas they had cytotoxic effects against HK-2 and Raw 264.7 cells in ***,the cytotoxicity of chromium(III)oxide NPs did not occur under environmentally realistic *** genotoxicity of chromium(III)oxide NPs was not significant in HK-2 cells,suggesting that the potential environmental cytotoxicity of chromium(III)oxide NPs is *** study proposes comprehensive phytotoxicity,cytotoxicity,and genotoxicity testing tools that would be easy,safe,and effective for evaluating the toxicity of *** integrated testing system could be an accurate and stable method for evaluating the toxicity of other nanomaterials.

关键词： Nanoparticle Plant growth Cell viability Chromium(III)oxide Nephrotoxicity

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： Joseph Edwin Kanu Jonathan Soldera Post graduate program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin