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The global epidemiology of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in general population:A systematic review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第4期15卷 723-739页

作者： Şiir Su Saydam Megan Molnar Pareen Vora integrated evidence generation Bayer AGBerlin 13353Germany

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a common and potentially life-threatening clinical *** date,the literature on the long-term global epidemiology of GIB has not been systematically *** To systematically review the published literature on the worldwide epidemiology of upper and lower *** EMBASE®and MEDLINE were queried from 01 January 1965 to September 17,2019 to identify population-based studies reporting incidence,mortality,or casefatality rates of upper GIB(UGIB)or lower GIB(LGIB)in the general adult population,*** outcome data were extracted and summarized(including data on rebleeding following initial occurrence of GIB when available).All included studies were assessed for risk of bias based upon reporting *** Of 4203 retrieved database hits,41 studies were included,comprising a total of around 4.1 million patients with GIB worldwide from 1980–***-three studies reported rates for UGIB,four for LGIB,and four presented data on *** rates ranged from 15.0 to 172.0/100000 person-years for UGIB,and from 20.5 to 87.0/100000 person-years for *** studies reported on temporal trends,generally showing an overall decline in UGIB incidence over time,although a slight increase between 2003 and 2005 followed by a decline was shown in 5/13 ***-related mortality data were available from six studies for UGIB,with rates ranging from 0.9 to 9.8/100000 person-years,and from three studies for LGIB,with rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.5/100000 *** rate ranged from 0.7%to 4.8%for UGIB and 0.5%to 8.0%for *** of rebleeding ranged from 7.3%to 32.5%for UGIB and from 6.7%to 13.5%for *** main areas of potential bias were the differences in the operational GIB definition used and inadequate information on how missing data were *** Wide variation was seen in estimates of GIB epidemiology,likely due to high heterogeneity between studies however,UGIB sho

关键词： Gastrointestinal bleeding Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Epidemiology Incidence Mortality Case-fatality

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Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第14期7卷 1795-1804页

作者： Suvi RK Hokkanen Naomi Boxall Javaria Mona Khalid Dimitri Bennett Haridarshan Patel Real World evidence Solutions IQVIALondon N19JYUnited Kingdom evidence and Value generation Global Medical AffairsTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.London WC2B 4AEUnited Kingdom Department of Epidemiology Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.CambridgeMA 02139United StatesAdjunctPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States evidence and Value generation Global Medical AffairsTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.DeerfieldIL 6001United States

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44;95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients wi

关键词： Anal fistula United Kingdom Europe Crohn's disease Comorbidities Prevalence

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Risk factors for major gastrointestinal bleeding in the general population in Finland

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第18期28卷 2008-2020页

作者： Pareen Vora Ronald Herrera Arto Pietila Ulrich Mansmann Gunnar Brobert Markku Peltonen Veikko Salomaa integrated evidence generation Bayer AGBerlin 13353Germany Institute for Medical Information Processing Biometryand EpidemiologyLudwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 81337Germany Pettenkofer School of Public Health Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 81337Germany Department of Public Health and Welfare National Institute for Health and Welfare(THL)Helsinki FI-00271Finland Medical Affairs Bayer ABSolna 17165Sweden

BACKGROUND Data on non-drug related risk-factors for gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)in the general population are limited,especially for life-style factors,clinical measurements and laboratory *** To identify and investigate non-drug risk factors for major GIB in the general population of *** We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the FINRISK health examination surveys,which have been conducted every 5 years across Finland from 1987 to *** were adults aged 25 years to 74 years,excluding those with a previous hospitalization for ***-up from enrollment was performed through linkage to national electronic health registers and ended at an event of GIB that led to hospitalization/death,death due to any other cause,or after 10 *** included demographics,socioeconomic and lifestyle factors,clinical measurements,laboratory parameters and *** selection was undertaken using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)and factors associated with GIB were identified using Cox *** Among 33,508 participants,403(1.2%)experienced GIB[256 men(63.5%);mean age,56.0 years(standard deviation(SD)±12.1)]and 33105 who did not experience GIB[15768 men(47.6%);mean age,46.8(SD±13)years],within 10 years of *** associated with a significantly increased risk of GIB were baseline age[per 10-year increase;hazard ratio(HR)1.62,95%confidence interval(CI):1.42-1.86],unemployment(HR:1.70,95%CI:1.11-2.59),body mass index(BMI)(HR:1.15,95%CI:1.01-1.32),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)(HR:1.05,95%CI:1.02-1.09),precursors of GIB(HR:1.90,95%CI:1.37-2.63),cancer(HR:1.47,95%CI:1.10-1.97),psychiatric disorders(HR:1.32,95%CI:1.01-1.71),heart failure(HR:1.46,95%CI:1.04-2.05),and liver disorders(HR:3.20,95%CI:2.06-4.97).Factors associated with a significantly decreased risk of GIB were systolic blood pressure(SBP)(HR:0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.96),6-10 cups of coffee a day(HR:0.67,95%CI:0.46-0

关键词： Risk factors Gastrointestinal hemorrhage General population Finland Life style Population health

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Research on Several Inspection Methods to Determine the Sequence of Photocopying and Stamping

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第2期1卷 93-98页

作者： Jing Wang Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization Dartment of Forensic Science Key Laboratory of Evidence Science(China University of Political Science and Law)Ministry of EducationChina

Detennining the sequence of document production and stamping is one of the most important issues in the field of questioned document *** China,whether a contract or a document is legal or not,highly depends on the relationship between the generation time of the document?s content and its ***,a formal(legal)document would become effective once a seal is affixed,and normally,the content of the document is generated first and then subsequently stamped after being approved by the relevant ***,correctly identifying the sequence used to produce a document is necessary to detennine whether it is authentic or whether it may have been ***,because of the interference of many factors,the identification of such kind of forged documents has long been considered one of the most difficult technical issues in the field of questioned document *** this work,four nondestructive approaches to determine the order of photocopying and stamping were investigated:The stereomicroscope method,fluorescence microscopy,the three-dimensional pseudo-color method,and the contour ring *** method is associated with its own advantages and disadvantages,but all have been shown to produce some useful results relevant for determining the sequence of photocopying and stamping.

关键词： Contour ring fluorescence microscope stereomicroscope three-dimensional pseudo-color

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Clear correspondence between gated-diode R-G current and performance degradation of SOI n-MOSFETs after F-N stress tests

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Journal of Semiconductors 2009年第12期30卷 30-32页

作者：何进马晨月王昊陈旭张晨飞林信南张兴 Key Laboratory of integrated Microsystems School of Computer & Information EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School TSRC Institute of MicroelectronicsSchool of Electronic Engineering and Computer SciencePeking University

A clear correspondence between the gated-diode generation-recombination （R-G） current and the performance degradation of an SOI n-channel MOS transistor after F-N stress tests has been demonstrated. Due to the increase of interface traps after F-N stress tests, the R-G current of the gated-diode in the SOI-MOSFET architecture increases while the performance characteristics of the MOSFET transistor such as the saturation drain current and sub-threshold slope are degraded. From a series of experimental measurements of the gated-diode and SOI-MOSFET DC characteristics, a linear decrease of the drain saturation current and increase of the threshold voltage as well as a like-line rise of the sub-threshold swing and a corresponding degradation in the trans-conductance are also observed. These results provide theoretical and experimental evidence for us to use the gated-diode tool to monitor SOI-MOSFET degradation.

关键词： MOSFET degradation F-N stress interface traps gated-diode method SOI technology

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Electroacupuncture for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy:A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2016年第1期3卷 9-21页

作者： Wenjing Xiong Xue Feng Jianping Liu Wei Chen Centre for evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

Objective:To assess the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Clinical studies in China have shown the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture compared with conventional ***,the effectiveness of electroacupuncture has not been well acknowledged ***:We searched the following databases from their inception through February 2016:MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(April,2015),SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,Wanfang Database,Chinese Important Conference Papers Database,and the Chinese Dissertation *** controlled trials(RCTs)were included if they compared electroacupuncture to conventional medicine,placebo,or no treatment on DPN *** 5.3 software was used for data analysis,with effect estimate presented as relative risk(RR)and mean difference(MD)with a 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Eleven RCTs involving 837 participants were *** methodological quality of included RCTs was generally poor in terms of sequence generation,allocation concealment,blinding,incomplete outcome data,and selective outcome ***-analysis showed that electroacupuncture had a better effect on global symptom improvement than methylcobalamin(RR Z 1.29;95%CI:1.14e1.46)and vitamin B(RR Z 1.60;95%CI:1.33e1.94).Only two RCTs reported adverse events.

关键词： Electroacupuncture Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Systematic review Meta-analysis

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Influence of contamination on banded iron formations in the Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland: Reevaluation of the Eoarchean seawater compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1049-1072页

作者： Shogo Aoki Chiho Kabashima Yasuhiro Kato Takafumi Hirata Tsuyoshi Komiya Department of Earth Science and Astronomy The University of Tokyo Frontier Research Center for Energy and Resources School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo Department of Systems Innovation School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo Ocean Resources Research Center for Next generation Chiba Institute of Technology Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC) Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University

Banded Iron Formations（BIFs） are chemical sediments, ubiquitously distributed in the Precambrian supracrustal belts; thus their trace element compositions are helpful for deciphering geochemical evolution on the Earth through time. However, it is necessary to elucidate factors controlling the whole-rock compositions in order to decode the ancient seawater compositions because their compositions are highly variable. We analyzed major and trace element contents of the BIFs in the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua supracrustal belt（ISB）, southern West Greenland. The BIFs are petrographically classified into four types：Black-,Gray-, Green-and White-types, respectively. The Green-type BIFs contain more amphiboles, and are significantly enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, heavy rare earth element（HREE） and U contents. However,their bulk compositions are not suitable for estimate of seawater composition because the enrichment was caused by secondary mobility of metamorphic Mg, Ca and Si-rich fluid, involvement of carbonate minerals and silicate minerals of olivine and pyroxene and/or later silicification or contamination of volcanic and clastic materials. The White-type BIFs are predominant in quartz, and have lower transition element and REE contents. The Gray-type BIFs contain both quartz and magnetite. The Black-type BIFs are dominated by magnetite, and contain moderate to high transition element and REE contents. But,positive correlations of V, Ni, Zn and U contents with Zr contents suggest that involvement of detrital,volcanic and exhalative materials influences on their contents. The evidence for significant influence of the materials on the transition element contents such as Ni in the BIFs indicates the transition element contents in the Archean ocean were much lower than previously estimated. We reconstructed secular variations of V,Co, Zn and U contents of BIFs through time, which show Ni and Co contents decreased whereas V, Zn and U contents increased through time. Especially, the Ni

关键词： Banded iron formations Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt Bioessential elements Seawater compositions

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New hope for hepatitis C virus:Summary of global epidemiologic changes and novel innovations over 20 years

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第29期27卷 4818-4830页

作者： Brittany B Dennis Leen Naji Yasmin Jajarmi Aijaz Ahmed Donghee Kim Department of Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8ONCanada Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94304United States Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8P 1H6ONCanada Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4K1ONCanada

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a global health concern associated with significant morbidity and *** the approval of second-generation direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs),interferon therapy and liver transplantation constituted the mainstay of *** introduction of well-tolerated oral DAAs in late 2013 has revolutionized HCV management with over 95%cure *** predominance of HCV-related liver transplantations has declined following the widespread approval of *** the unparallel efficacy observed among these novel therapies,pharmaceutical costs continue to limit equitable access to healthcare and likely contribute to the differential HCV infection rates observed *** reduce the burden of disease worldwide,essential agenda items for all countries must include the prioritization of integrated care models and access to DAAs *** transparent negotiations with the pharmaceutical industry,the consideration for compassionate release of medications to promote equitable division of care is *** we provide a literature review of HCV,changes in epidemiologic trends,access issues for current therapies,and global inequities in disease burden.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Direct-acting antivirals Global health Liver transplantation People who inject drugs Liver cirrhosis

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The Potential Role of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Rural Northern Nigeria to Reduce Maternal and Child Deaths

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1741-1746页

作者： Olatunji Alabi Henry V. Doctor Nahuche Health and Demographic Surveillance System Zamfara State Nigeria Demography and Social Statistics Federal University Birnin Kebbi Nigeria Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Department of Information Evidence and Research World Health Organization Cairo Egypt

There exist a huge gap between generation of evidence-based research findings and its use to inform policies in most developing countries. Further, it is evident that most developing countries are lagging behind in formulating appropriate policies aimed at improving people’s lives due to lack of evidence-based research findings. We describe the potential of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in informing appropriate health interventions towards reducing the high maternal and child deaths in rural communities of north western Nigeria through the Verbal Autopsy (VA) data collection. VA data collection involves the use of VA questionnaires—set of open ended and closed ended questions adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) module— administered to the caregivers, parents or family members of a deceased person to elicit information on signs and symptoms and their durations, and other pertinent information about the deceased in the period before death. VA interviews were conducted by trained VA enumerators on all 2100 deaths reported during the update round 4 of routine data collection (July-December, 2012) and returned forms were checked for consistencies and completeness by a trained research officer. The forms were later coded by trained medical doctors for possible cause of death using the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) codes. Fifty cases of neonatal deaths, 1650 cases of infant and child deaths, and 400 cases of adult deaths were reported during the update round 4 data collection. Neonatal sepsis was reported as the leading cause of neonatal deaths (58%) while malaria and intestinal infectious diseases were reported as the leading cause of infant and child deaths and adult deaths respectively (45% and 17%, respectively). The study provides documented evidence of high neonatal deaths due to neonatal sepsis in an area with low hygiene and high home delivery rates. The findings from the VA data collection at Nahuche HDSS

关键词： Maternal and Child Deaths Verbal Autopsy Chlorhexidine Demographic Surveillance Health Systems Nigeria

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Distinct roles of pH and organic ligands in the dissolution of goethite by cysteine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 260-268页

作者： Ji Li Chenlu Shi Wenbin Zeng Yaru Wang Zebin Hong Yibing Ma Liping Fang Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Guangdong Key Laboratory of integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangzhou 520650China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa 999078MachaoChina

Electron shuttles such cysteine play an important role in Fe cycle and its availability in soils,while the roles of pH and organic ligands in this process are poorly ***,the reductive dissolution process of goethite by cysteine were explored in the presence of organic *** results showed that cysteine exhibited a strong reactivity towards goethite-a typical iron minerals in paddy soils with a rate constant ranging from 0.01 to0.1 hr^(-1).However,a large portion of Fe(Ⅱ) appeared to be "structural species" retained on the *** decline of pH was favorable to generate more Fe(Ⅱ) ions and enhancing tendency of Fe(Ⅱ) release to *** decline of generation of Fe(Ⅱ) by increasing pH was likely to be caused by a lower redox potential and the nature of cysteine pH-dependent adsorption towards ***,the co-existence of oxalate and citrate ligands also enhanced the rate constant of Fe(Ⅱ) release from 0.09 to 0.15 hr-1;nevertheless,they negligibly affected the overall generation of Fe(Ⅱ) in opposition to the pH *** spectroscopic evidence demonstrated that two molecules of cysteine could form disulfide bonds(S-S) to generate cystine through oxidative dehydration,and subsequently,inducing electron transfer from cysteine to the structural Fe(Ⅲ) on goethite;meanwhile,those organic ligands act as Fe(Ⅱ) "strippers".The findings of this work provide new insights into the understanding of the different roles of pH and organic ligands on the generation and release of Fe induced by electron shuttles in soils.

关键词： Electron transfer Reductive dissolution Iron cycling Organic ligands

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