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Biodiversity and secretion of enzymes with potential utility in wastewater treatment

Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第1期3卷 34-37页

作者： Susanne Facchin Priscila Divina Diniz Alves Flavia de Faria Siqueira Tatiana Moura Barroca Junia Maria Netto Victoria Evanguedes Kalapothakis departamento de Genetica Instituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil Phoneutria biotecnologia e Servicos Ltda Belo HorizonteBrazil

The main organic contaminants in municipal wastewater are proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, which must be hydrolyzed to smaller units. A high concentration of oil and grease in wastewater affects biological wastewater treatment processes by forming a layer on the water surface, which decreased the oxygen transfer rate into the aerobic process. Microbial proteases, lipases, amylases, and celullases should play essential roles in the biological wastewater treatment process. The present study aimed to isolate lipase- and other hydrolytic enzyme-producing microorganisms and assess their degradation capabilities of fat and oil wastewater in the laboratory. We also evaluated microbial interactions as an approach to enhance lipolytic activity. We place emphasis on lipase activity because oil and grease are not only environmental pollutants, but also form an undesirable tough crust on pipes of sewage treatment plants. Thirty-five lipolytic microorganisms from sewage were identified and assessed for hydrolytic enzyme profiles. Lipases were characterized in detail by quantification, chain length affinity, and optimal conditions for activity. The good stability of isolated lipases in the presence of chemical agents, thermal stability, wide range of pH activity and tolerance, and affinity for different lengths of ester chains indicates that some of these enzymes may be good candidates for the hydrolysis of organic compounds present in wastewater. A combination of enzymes and fermenting bacteria may facilitate the complete hydrolysis of triglycerides, proteins, and lingo-cellulose that normally occur in the wastes of industrial processes. This study identifies enzymes and microbial mixtures capable of digesting natural polymeric materials for facilitating the sewage cleaning process.

关键词： Lipase Esterase Wastewater Sewage Treatment Lipolytic Microorganisms Amylase Protease Cellulase

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Occult hepatitis B virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review of prevalence, diagnosis and clinical significance

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第2期7卷 253-260页

作者： Angelica Maldonado-Rodriguez Ana Maria Cevallos Othon Rojas-Montes Karina Enriquez-Navarro Ma Teresa Alvarez-Mu?oz Rosalia Lira Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias Hospital de Pediatria Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social departamento de Biologia Molecular y biotecnologia Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and hepatitis B virus(HBV) co-infection is high as they share similar mechanisms of transmission. The development and widespread use of highly sensitive tests for HBV diagnosis has demonstrated that a significant proportion of apparently healthy individuals with evidence of exposure to HBV continue to carry fully functional HBV DNA in their hepatocytes, a situation that predisposes them to the development of progressive liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of co-infections frequently influences the natural evolution of each of the participating infections present by either facilitating their virulence or competing for resources. Furthermore, the drugs used to treat these infections may also contribute to changes in the natural course of these infections, making the analysis of the impact of co-infection more difficult. The majority of studies has examined the impact of HIV on overt chronic hepatitis B, finding that co-infection carries an increased risk of progressive liver disease and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the effect of HIV on the natural history of occult hepatitis B infection(OBI) has not been fully assessed, all available data suggest a persisting risk of repeated flares of hepatitis and progressive liver disease. We describe studies regarding the diagnosis, prevalence and clinical significance of OBI in HIVpositive patients in this short review. Discrepancies in worldwide prevalence show the urgent need for the standardization of diagnostic criteria, as established by the Taormina statements. Ideally, standardized protocols for testing should be employed to enable the comparison of data from different groups. Additional studies are needed to define the differences in risk for OBI without HIV and in HIV-HBV co-infected patients with or without overt disease.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Occult hepatitis B virus infection Hepatitis C virus Egypt Blood donors Hemodialysis Hepatitis B virus reactivation

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Identification,Structure Analyses and Expression Pattern of the ERF Transcription Factor Family in Coffea arabica

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Journal of Botanical Research 2021年第1期3卷 32-45页

作者： Silvia Graciele Hülse de Souza Tiago B.dos Santos Douglas S.Domingues Anne Bernadac Mondher Bouzayen Luiz F.P.Pereira Giuliano degrassi Valéria Carpentieri-Pípolo Laboratory of Molecular Biology Universidade Paranaense PO box 87502-210UmuaramaPRBrazil instituto Agronômico do Paraná Laboratório de Biotecnologia VegetalCP 481PO box 86001-970LondrinaPRBrazil department of Botany Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual PaulistaUNESPRio ClaroSPBrazil Laboratoire de Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits UMR 990 INRA/INP-ENSAT Chemin de BorderougePO box 10731326 Castanet Tolosan CedexFrance Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa agropecuária Embrapa CaféParque Estação BiológicaBrasíliaDFPO box 70770-901Brazil International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(ICGEB) 1Industrial Biotechnology GroupBuenos AiresRepública Argentina Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa agropecuária Embrapa TrigoPO box 99001-970Passo FundoRSBrazil

Members of the ERF Family of Transcription Factors play an important role in plant development and gene expression that regulates responses to biotic and abiotic *** work identified 36 ERF family genes in Coffea arabica within the AP2/ERF full domain,using the EST-based genomic resource of the Brazilian Coffee Genome *** ERF family genes were classified into nine of the ten existing groups through phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and comparison with the sequences of the ERF family genes in *** addition to the AP2 domain,other conserved domains were identified,typical of members of each *** in silico analysis and expression profiling showed high levels of expression for libraries derived from tissues of fruits,leaves and flowers as well as for libraries subjected to water *** results suggest the participation of the ERF family genes of *** in distinct biological functions,such as control of development,maturation,and responses to water *** results of this work imply in the selection of promising genes for further functional characterizations that will provide a better understanding of the complex regulatory networks related to plant development and responses to stress,opening up opportunities for coffee breeding programs.

关键词： AP2/ERF Coffee Ethylene Transcription factor

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Potential preventive disease-modifying pharmacological strategies to delay late onset Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1721-1725页

作者： Miren Ettcheto Oriol Busquets Antoni Camins departament de Farmacologia Toxicologia i Química TerapèuticaFacultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’AlimentacióUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain departament de Bioquímica i biotecnologia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain Institut de Neurociències Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) MadridSpain

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that was histopathologically characterized in the brain by the presence of extracellular senile plaques made of amyloid β peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau *** the years,AD has been classified in two subgroups:early onset or familial AD and late onset or sporadic *** the one hand,familial AD has been described to be the result of genetic mutations that cause,in some cases,for the overproduction of amyloid β.On the other,the cause of late onset or sporadic AD is still unclear even though several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the process of severe and progressive memory and cognitive *** the present review,some of the current hypotheses that try to explain the origin of late onset or sporadic AD have been ***,their potential implication in the development of new drugs for the presymptomatic treatment of late onset or sporadic AD has been considered.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease beta-secretase neuroinflammation Tau amyloid N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate

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Promiscous female Euxesta eluta derive nutrients for ovarian development by expelling and consuming ejaculates

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 545-557页

作者： Solana Abraham Gisela Castillo Viviana Diaz Guido Van Nieuwenhove Gabriela Murua Juan Rull Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetologicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales(LIEMEN) PROIMI-BiotecnologiaCONICETTucumanArgentina Fundacion Miguel Ullo Instde EntomologiaDepto ZoologiaMiguel Lillo 251San Miguel de TucumanTucumanArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e I.M.L Universidad Nacional de TucumanSan Miguel de TucumanTucumanArgentina Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres(EEAOC)_ITANOA CONICET TucumanArgentina

Seminal gifts range from important material donations to items that provide little direct benefit to ***,female silk corn flies Euxesta eluta expel and consume male ejaculates immediately after *** evolution and function of this peculiar behavior are currently *** performed a series of experiments aimed to:determine if females under different dietary regimes derive nutrients or water for survival and/or reproduction from ejaculate consumption,if males suffer a fitness cost from supplying females with ejaculates,and if females prefer to mate and/or are more likely to store sperm from well fed than nutritionally stressed presumably inferior *** revealed that protein deprived *** females derive nutrients for ovarian development through consumption of ejaculates of protein fed *** seminal products affecting survival appear to be transferred in the consumed ***,ovarian development,in contrast to testes growth,occurs in detriment of *** preferred to mate with protein fed males,yet sperm retention in spermathecae was extremely rare after a single *** finding suggests that females could be exerting post copulatory control.A key question that remained to be addressed for the understanding of this puzzling and promiscuous mating system is what ecological factors or male traits drive females to retain sperm from one or several males in order to achieve and/or maximize fertilization potential.

关键词： anautogeny polyandry postcopulatory female control seminal gifts sperm storage

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Genetic variation in foundation species governs the dynamics of trophic interactions

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 13-22页

作者： Leticia VALENCIA-CUEVAS Patricia MUSSALI-GALANTE Zenon CANO-SANTANA Juli PUJAde-VILLAR Armando EQUIHUA-MARTINEZ Efrain TOVAR-SANCHEZ Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62209 Mexico Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62209 Moxico departamento de Ecologia y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Delegacion Coyoacan DF 04510 Mexico departamento de Biologia Animal Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Biologla Av. Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Espana instituto de Fitosanidad Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillo Texcoco 56230 Estado de Mexico

Various studies have demonstrated that the foundation species genetic diversity can have direct effects that extend beyond the individual or population level, affecting the dependent communities. Additionally, these effects may be indirectly extended to higher trophic levels throughout the entire community. Quercus castanea is an oak species with characteristics of foundation species beyond pre- senting a wide geographical distribution and being a dominant element of Mexican temperate forests. In this study, we analyzed the influence of population （He） and individual （HL） genetic diversity of Q. castanea on its canopy endophagous insect community and associated parasitoids. Specifically, we studied the composition, richness （S） and density of leaf-mining moths （Lepidoptera： Tischeridae, Citheraniidae）, gall-forming wasps （Hymenoptera： Cynipidae）, and canopy parasitoids of Q. castanea. We sampled 120 trees belonging to six populations （20/site） through the previously recognized gradi- ent of genetic diversity. In total, 22 endophagous insect species belonging to three orders （Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera） and 20 parasitoid species belonging to 13 families were identified. In general, we observed that the individual genetic diversity of the host plant （HL） has a significant positive effect on the S and density of the canopy endophagous insect communities. In contrast, He has a significant negative effect on the S of endophagous insects. Additionally, indirect effects of HL were observed, affecting the S and density of parasitoid insects. Our results suggest that genetic variation in foundation species can be one of the most important factors governing the dynamics of tritrophic interactions that involve oaks, herbivores, and parasitoids.

关键词： community structure introgressive hybridization red oaks tritrophic interactions.

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Optimization of Zeaxanthin Production by Immobilized <i>Flavobacterium</i>sp. Cells in Fluidized Bed Bioreactor

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 598-604页

作者： Ma del Carmen Chavez-Parga Alejandro Munguia-Franco Mayanin Aguilar-Torres Eleazar M. Escamilla-Silva Division de Estudios de Posgrado Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Morelia Mexico Laboratorio de biotecnologia y Bioingenieria Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya Celaya Mexico

From time immemorial, human beings have used pigments made from vegetables, fruits, superior plants, animal tissues and cereals. One of the greatest sources of pigments is the bacterium that, with the use of the modern technology, has increased the production of metabolites of interest. The microbiological production of carotenoids has not been optimized to obtain pigment production quantities of pigments and carotenoids recovery that lower production costs. The aim of this work was to design a Zeaxanthin production process with Flavobacterium sp. immobilized cells in a fluidized bed bioreactor. An optimum culture medium for Zeaxanthin production in stirred flasks (2.46 g·L–1) was obtained. Furthermore, optimum process conditions for a maximum yield of Zeaxanthin production, by fluidized bed bioreactor, were established. A statistical analysis showed that the most significant factors were air flow, pH and NaCl concentration (4.5 g·L–1). In this study a maximum Zeaxanthin production of 3.8 g·L–1 was reached. The highest reported yield to date was 0.329 g·L–1.

关键词： Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Orthogonal design Flavobacterium sp. Zeaxanthin

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XAANTAL2 （AGL14） Is an Important Component of the Complex Gene Regulatory Network that Underlies Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem Transitions

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Molecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 796-813页

作者： Rigoberto V. Perez-R.u.iz Berenice Garcia-Ponce Nayelli Marsch-Martinez Yamel Ugartechea-Chirino Mitzi Villajuana-Bonequi Stefan de Folter Eugenio Azpeitia Jose Davila-Velderrain David Cruz-Sanchez Adriana Garay-Arroyo Maria de la Paz Sanchez Juan M. Estevez-Palmas Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacionat Autonoma de Moxico 3er Circuito Exterior s/no Junto al Jardin Bot~nico and Centro de Ciencias de la ComplejidadCiudad Universitaria Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F. Mexico Laboratorio Nacional de Genemica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio) Centro de Investigaci6n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit~cnico Nacional(CINVESTAV-IPN) Km. 9.6 Carretera Irapuato - Leen AP 629 36821 Irapuato Guanajuato Mexico University of California 431 Koshland Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA These authors contributed equally to this article. present address: departamento de biotecnologia y Biquimica Centro de )nvestigaci6n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit6cnico Nacional(CINVESTAV-IPN) Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-Leen 36821 Irapuato Guanajuato Mexico present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research D-50829 Cologne Germany Present address: INria Project-Team Virtual Plants/CIRAD/INRA UMR AGAP Campus St Priest - BAT 5 CC 05018 860 rue de St Priest 34095 Montpellier Cedex5 France

In Arabidopsis thaliana, multiple genes involved in shoot apical meristem （SAM） transitions have been char- acterized, but the mechanisms required for the dynamic attainment of vegetative, inflorescence, and floral meristem （VM, IM, FM） cell fates during SAM transitions are not well understood. Here we show that a MADS-box gene, XAANTAL2 （XAL2/AGL14）, is necessary and sufficient to induce flowering, and its regula- tion is important in FM maintenance and determinacy, xal2 mutants are late flowering, particularly under short-day （SD） condition, while XAL2 overexpressing plants are early flowering, but their flowers have vege- tative traits. Interestingly, inflorescences of the latter plants have higher expression levels of LFY, AP1, and TFL1 than wild-type plants. In addition we found that XAL2 is able to bind the TFL1 regulatory regions. On the other hand, the basipetal carpels of the 35S：：XAL2 lines lose determinacy and maintain high levels of WUS expression under SD condition. To provide a mechanistic explanation for the complex roles of XAL2 in SAM transitions and the apparently paradoxical phenotypes of XAL2 and other MADS-box （SOCl, AGL24） over- expressors, we conducted dynamic gene regulatory network （GRN） and epigenetic landscape modeling. We uncovered a GRN module that underlies VM, IM, and FM gene configurations and transition patterns in wild- type plants as well as loss and gain of function lines characterized here and previously. Our approach thus provides a novel mechanistic framework for understanding the complex basis of SAM development.

关键词： XAL2/AGL14 MADS-box TFL1 SAM transitions floral reversion gene regulatory networks,epigenetic landscape modeling

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Function, kinetic properties, crystallization, and regulation of microbial malate dehydrogenase

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2016年第4期17卷 247-261页

作者： Toshiko TAKAHASHI-INIGUEZ Nelly ABURTO-RODRIGUEZ Ana Laura VILCHIS-GONZALEZ Maria Elena FLORES departamento de Biologla Molecular y biotecnologia lnstituto de Investigaciones BiomddicasUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexicoD.F.04510Mexico

Malate dehydrogenase （MDH） is an enzyme widely distributed among living organisms and is a key protein in the central oxidative pathway. It catalyzes the interconversion between malate and oxaloacetate using NAD＋ or NADP＊ as a cofactor. Surprisingly, this enzyme has been extensively studied in eukaryotes but there are few reports about this enzyme in prokaryotes. It is necessary to review the relevant information to gain a better understanding of the function of this enzyme. Our review of the data generated from studies in bacteria shows much diversity in their molecular properties, including weight, oligomeric states, cofactor and substrate binding affinities, as well as differences in the direction of the enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, due to the importance of its function, the transcription and activity of this enzyme are rigorously regulated. Crystal structures of MDH from different bacterial sources led to the identification of the regions involved in substrate and cofactor binding and the residues important for the dimer-dimer interface. This structural information allows one to make direct modifications to improve the enzyme catalysis by increasing its activity, cofactor binding capacity, substrate specificity, and thermostability. A comparative analysis of the phylogenetic reconstruction of MDH reveals interesting facts about its evolutionary history, dividing this superfamily of proteins into two principle clades and establishing relationships between MDHs from different cellular compartments from archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.

关键词： Malate dehydrogenase Carbon metabolism Tricarboxylic acid cycle

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Medicinal properties of Angelica archangelica root extract: Cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells and its protective effects against in vivo tumor development

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第2期17卷 132-140页

作者： Carlos R.Oliveira Daniel G.Spindola Daniel M.Garcia Adolfo Erustes Alexandre Bechara Caroline Palmeira-dos-Santos Soraya S.Smaili Gustavo J.S.Pereira André Hinsberger Ezequiel P.Viriato Maria Cristina Marcucci Alexandra C.H.F.Sawaya Samantha L.Tomaz Elaine G.Rodrigues Claudia Bincoletto departamento de Farmacologia Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) Grupo de Fitocomplexos e Sinalizacao Celular Escola de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Anhembi Morumbi Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Bioquímicas Oswaldo Cruz Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Quimiometria Programa de pós-graduacao em Farmácia e Biotecnologia Universidade Anhanguera de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Unidade de Oncologia Experimental EPM Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP)

Objective: Although Angelica archangelica is a medicinal and aromatic plant with a long history of use for both medicinal and food purposes, there are no studies regarding the antineoplastic activity of its *** study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of the crude extract of A. archangelica root(CEAA) on breast ***: The cytotoxicity of CEAA against breast adenocarcinoma cells(4T1 and MCF-7) was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. Morphological and biochemical changes were detected by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide(PI) and annexin V/PI staining. Cytosolic calcium mobilization was evaluated in cells staining with FURA-4 NW. Immunoblotting was used to determine the effect of CEAA on anti-and pro-apoptotic proteins(Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively).The 4 T1 cell-challenged mice were used for in vivo ***: Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, angelicin, a constituent of the roots and leaves of A. archangelica, was found to be the major constituent of the CEAA evaluated in this study(73 mg/mL). The CEAA was cytotoxic for both breast cancer cell lines studied but not for human fibroblasts. Treatment of 4 T1 cells with the CEAA increased Bax protein levels accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 expression, in the presence of cleaved caspase-3 and cytosolic calcium mobilization, suggesting mitochondrial involvement in breast cancer cell death induced by the CEAA in this cell line. No changes on the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were observed in CEAA-treated MCF7 cells. Gavage administration of the CEAA(500 mg/kg) to 4T1 cell-challenged mice significantly decreased tumor growth when compared with untreated ***: Altogether, our data show the antitumor potential of the CEAA against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the pharmacological application of the CEAA in breast cancer therapy.

关键词： Angelica archangelica Umbelliferae Apoptosis Cell death Breast cancer Angelicin

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