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Effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam as seed treatments on the early seedling characteristics and aphid-resistance of oilseed rape

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第12期14卷 2581-2589页

作者： HUANG Liang ZHAO Chun-lin HUANG Fang BAI Run-e Lü Yao-bin YAN Feng-ming HAO Zhong-ping School of Agricultural and Food Science Zhejiang A & F University institute of plant Protection and microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of plant Protection Henan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Anhui Province Crop Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Seed treatments with the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were evaluated to determine whether the chemicals at effective concentrations for aphid control would influence the germination and early growth of oilseed rape,Brassica *** with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam did not affect the cumulative germination rate,but significantly inhibited establishment potential by suppressing root system development in the cotyledon ***,these alterations in seedling development in the thiamethoxam-treated seeds appeared not to be detrimental as leaves developed;in contrast,for the seedlings with imidacloprid as seed treatment agent,a significantly decreased shoot/root ratio was still evident at the late two-leaf *** two leaves developed,chlorophyll content per leaf in the thiamethoxam treatment was significantly higher than that of the control,while chlorophyll content per leaf in the imidacloprid treatment remained close to that in the *** other parameters,i.e.,height,leaf area,weight of stem,leaf or root,and other growth indexes,between the treatments and the control showed no significant ***,it was found that storage time of the treated seeds had a significant effect on cumulative germination *** 30 d before planting significantly reduced germination relative to that of the *** of the plants treated with neonicotinoids were shown to have significant anti-aphid characteristics that persisted until the end of the trial.

关键词： oilseed rape seed coating agent imidacloprid thiamethoxam seedling growth germination aphid

Why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ is a myth

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National Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 156-174页

作者： Robert A.Spicer Tao Su Paul J.Valdes Alexander Farnsworth Fei-Xiang Wu Gongle Shi Teresa E.V.Spicer Zhekun Zhou CAS Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open University School of Geographical sciences University of Bristol Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

The often-used phrase ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ implies a flat-surfaced Tibet rose as a coherent entity, and that uplift was driven entirely by the collision and northward movement of India. Here, we argue that these are misconceptions derived in large part from simplistic geodynamic and climate modeling, as well as proxy misinterpretation. The growth of Tibet was a complex process involving mostly Mesozoic collisions of several Gondwanan terranes with Asia, thickening the crust and generating complex relief before the arrival of India. In this review, Earth system modeling, paleoaltimetry proxies and fossil finds contribute to a new synthetic view of the topographic evolution of Tibet. A notable feature overlooked in previous models of plateau formation was the persistence through much of the Cenozoic of a wide east–west orientated deep central valley, and the formation of a plateau occurred only in the late Neogene through compression and internal sedimentation.

关键词： Tibet paleoaltimetry paleogeography paleontology Himalaya

Fossil seeds of Euryale(Nymphaeaceae) indicate a lake or swamp environment in the late Miocene Zhaotong Basin of southwestern China

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Science Bulletin 2015年第20期60卷 1768-1777页

作者： Yongjiang Huang Xueping Ji Tao Su Li Wang Chenglong Deng Wenqi Li Hongfen Luo Zhekun Zhou Key Laboratory for plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Research Center for Southeast Asian Archeology Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhaotong institute of Cultural Relics Zhaoyang Museum

Euryale （Nymphaeaceae） is a monotypic genus distributed in eastern Asia, but fossils in its native distribu- tion are sparse as compared to Europe where the genus has disappeared. Here, we describe a new fossil species, Euryale yunnanensis sp. nov., from the late Miocene Zhaotong Basin in southwestern China on the basis of seed remains. Char- acteristics including an ellipsoidal to almost spherical shape, a smooth surface, a germination cap that covers the micro- pyle, the separation of the hilum and germination cap （mi- cropyle）, elliptic testa surface cells with undulate margins and thickened cell walls collectively indicate a close affinity with the genus Euryale in Nymphaeaceae. Comparisons of seed morphology and anatomy demonstrate that the newly described fossil species differs from modem and other fossil species of Euryale and thus verify the assignment to a new fossil species. As the modem Euryale is an aquatic plant, preferably living in swamps and lakes with shallow and stable water, we hypothesize that a lake and/or swamp environment with shallow water was present near Shui- tangba in the Zhaotong Basin, where the Shuitangba homi- noid lived during the late Miocene. This inference is generally consistent with paleoenvironmental data extracted from avian, fish, frog, turtle and crocodile fossils, as well as from aquatic pollen. The fossil history suggests a compara- tively recent （Miocene） emergence of Euryale, which is roughly in agreement with the divergence time inferred from the molecular information.

关键词： Euryale Nymphaeaceae Aquatic Late Miocene Zhaotong Basin Southwestern China

Microencapsulated chlorpyrifos: Degradation in soil and influence on soil microbial community structures

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2322-2330页

作者： Liezhong Chen Yanli Li Ting Wang Yali Jiang Kai Li Yunlong Yu College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Degradation kinetics of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos （CPF-MC） in soil and its influence on soil microbial community structures were investigated by comparing with emulsifiable concentration of chlorpyrifos （CPF-EC） in laboratory. The residual periods of CPF-MC with fortification levels of 5 and 20 mg/kg reached 120 days in soil, both of the degradation curves did not fit the first-order model, and out-capsule residues of chlorpyrifos in soil were maintained at 1.76 （±0.33） and 5.92 （±1.20） mg/kg in the period between 15 and 60 days, respectively. The degradation kinetics of CPF-EC fit the first-order model, and the residual periods of 5 and 20 mg/kg treatments were 60 days. Bacterial community structures in soil treated with two concentrations of CPF-MC showed similarity to those of the control during the test period, as seen in the band number and relative intensities of the individual band on DGGE gels （p 〉 0.05）. Fungal community structures were slightly affected in the 5 mg/kg treatments and returned to the control levels after 30 days, but initially differed significantly from control in the 20 mg/kg treatments （p 〈 0.05） and did not recover to control levels until 90 days later. The CPF-EC significantly altered microbial community structures （p 〈 0.05） and effects did not disappear until 240 days later. The results indicated that the microcapsule technology prolonged the residue periods of chlorpyrifos in soil whereas it decreased its side-effects on soil microbes as compared with the emulsifiable concentration formulation.

关键词： Pesticide Controlled-release formulation Non-controlled-release formulation Side effects Soil microbiology

DNA methylation-dependent epigenetic regulationof Verticillium dahliae virulence in p

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aBIOTECH 2023年第3期4卷 185-201页

作者： Yun-Ya Chen Chen Zhu Jian-Hua Zhao Ting Liu Feng Gao Ying-Chao Zhang Cheng-Guo Duan Shanghai Center for plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular plant sciences Chinese Academy of ScienceShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000China State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Qilu Zhongke Academy of Modern microbiology Technology Jinan 250000China

As a conserved epigenetic mark, DNA cytosine methylation, at the 5’ position (5-mC), plays importantroles in multiple biological processes, including plant immunity. However, the involvement of DNAmethylation in the determinants of virulence of phytopathogenic fungi remains elusive. In this study,we profiled the DNA methylation patterns of the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae, one of themajor causal pathogens of Verticillium wilt disease that causes great losses in many crops, and exploredits contribution in fungal pathogenicity. We reveal that DNA methylation modification is present in *** and is required for its full virulence in host plants. The major enzymes responsible for theestablishment of DNA methylation in V. dahliae were identified. We provided evidence that DNAmethyltransferase-mediated establishment of DNA methylation pattern positively regulates fungalvirulence, mainly through repressing a conserved protein kinase VdRim15-mediated Ca2? signaling andROS production, which is essential for the penetration activity of V. dahliae. In addition, we furtherdemonstrated that histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), another heterochromatin markerthat is closely associated with 5-mC in eukaryotes, also participates in the regulation of V. dahliaepathogenicity, through a similar mechanism. More importantly, DNA methyltransferase genes VdRid,VdDnmt5, as well as H3K9me3 methyltransferase genes, were greatly induced during the early infection phase, implying that a dynamic regulation of 5-mC and H3K9me3 homeostasis is required for anefficient infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an epigenetic mechanism in the regulation ofphytopathogenic fungal virulence.

关键词： DNA methylation Verticillium dahliae Pathogenicity H3K9me3

A bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of Manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第4期3卷 321-329页

作者： Yuhua FU Zhiqiang XIA Shujuan WANG Xin CHEN Cheng LU Mingcheng LUO Hongbin ZHANG Wenquan WANG institute of tropical Biosciences & Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Guizhou institute of Subtropical Crops Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of plant sciences UC Davis Department of Soil and Crop sciences Texas A&M University College Station

Cassava(Manihot esculenta) is known as the third most important food crop in the tropics and also used for industrial feedstock for biofuels. Two new bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) libraries were constructed for W14(M. Esculenta ssp. flabellifolia), a wild ancestor of domesticated cassava. The libraries were constructed with EcoR I and Hind III insertion vectors, *** EcoR I library has 29952 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb, while the Hind III library consists of 29952 clones with an average insert of 129 kb. The combined libraries contain a total of 59904 clones with an average insert size of 125 kb, representing approximately 10 ?haploid genome equivalents. A total of 29952 clones were fingerprinted and resulted in a cassava physical map composed of 2485 contigs with an average physical length of 336 kb and 2909 singletons, representing approximately762 Mb of the cassava genome. 5000 clones located at the ends of BAC contigs were selected and sequenced. A total of 6077 SNPs and 231 indels were identified, that covered459 gene sequences, of which 6 genes were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. This BAC-based physical map provides valuable tools to understand the genetics and evolution of cassava.

关键词： cassava BAC library physical map

Demographic variation and habitat specialization of tree species in a diverse tropical forest of Cameroon

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Forest Ecosystems 2014年第4期1卷 201-213页

作者： David Kenfack George B Chuyong Richard Condit Sabrina E Russo Duncan W Thomas Center for tropical Forest Science - Forest GEO Botany Department Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Department of Botany and plant Physiology University of Buea Center for tropical Forest Science Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute School of Biological sciences University of Nebraska Department of Biological sciences Washington State University

Background： Many tree species in tropical forests have distributions tracking local ridge-slope-valley topography. Previous work in a 50-ha plot in Korup National Park, Cameroon, demonstrated that 272 species, or 63% of those tested, were significantly associated with topography. Methods： We used two censuses of 329,000 trees ≥1 cm dbh to examine demographic variation at this site that would account for those observed habitat preferences. We tested two predictions. First, within a given topographic habitat, species specializing on that habitat （＇residents＇） should outperform species that are specialists of other habitats （＇foreigners＇）. Second, across different topographic habitats, species should perform best in the habitat on which they specialize （＇home＇） compared to other habitats （＇away＇）. Species＇ performance was estimated using growth and mortality rates. Results： In hierarchical models with species identity as a random effect, we found no evidence of a demographic advantage to resident species. Indeed, growth rates were most often higher for foreign species. Similarly, comparisons of species on their home vs. away habitats revealed no sign of a performance advantage on the home habitat. Conclusions＂ We reject the hypothesis that species distributions along a ridge-valley catena at Korup are caused by species differences in trees _〉1 cm dbh. Since there must be a demographic cause for habitat specialization, we offer three alternatives. First, the demographic advantage specialists have at home occurs at the reproductive or seedling stage, in sizes smaller than we census in the forest plot. Second, species may have higher performance on their preferred habitat when density is low, but when population builds up, there are negative density-dependent feedbacks that reduce performance. Third, demographic filtering may be produced by extreme environmental conditions that we did not observe during the census interval.

关键词： tree Demographic variation and habitat specialization of tree species in a diverse tropical forest of Cameroon Figure

Interactive Effects of Lead and Bensulfuron-Methyl on Decomposition of ^(14)C-Glucose in Paddy Soils

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 577-587页

作者： HOU Xian-Wen WU Jian-Jun XU Jian-Ming TANG Cai-Xian institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of SubtropicalSoil and Plant Nutrition Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China） institute of Environmental and plant Protection Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou 571737（China） Department of Agricultural sciences La Trobe University Victoria 3086 （Australia）

Little information is available on the interactive effects of inorganic and organic pollutants on carbon utilization by soil *** study examined the effects of two common soil pollutants,lead(Pb) and bensulfuron-methyl herbicide(BSM),on decomposition of an adscititious carbon source(14C-glucose).Two contrasting paddy soils,a silty clay soil and a clay loam soil,were incubated with different concentrations and combinations of pollutants for 60 *** rotatable central composite design was adopted to design the combinations of the pollutant concentrations so that rate response curves could be *** decomposition of 14C-glucose occurred in the first three days for both soils where no Pb or BSM was added(control).Overall,63%-64% of the added 14C-glucose was decomposed in the control over the 60-day *** addition of Pb or BSM significantly decreased the decomposition of 14C-glucose during the first week but increased the decomposition thereafter;as a result,the percentages of 14C-glucose decomposed(57%-77%) over the 60-day period were similar to or higher than those of the *** of the pollutants in combination did not further inhibit decomposition compared with the ***,decomposition rates were lower in the silty clay soil than in the clay loam soil,which was related to the soil texture,cation exchange capacity,and *** relationship between the decomposition rates and the pollutants could be well characterized by the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation *** initial antagonistic effects of the pollutants followed by the synergistic effects on microbial activity might result from changes of the concentrations of the pollutants.

关键词： carbon source compound pollution herbicide microbial activity

Revealing the role of CCoAOMT1: fine-tuning bHLH transcription factors for optimal anther development

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 565-578页

作者： Zesen Lai Jianzheng Wang Ying Fu Menghan Wang Hong Ma Shiqing Peng Fang Chang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity SciencesInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of tropical Agriculture and Forestry Agriculture-Rural Affairs and Rural RevitalizationHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of tropical Crops Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China Department of Biology Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

The tapetum,a crucial innermost layer encompassing male reproductive cells within the anther wall,plays a pivotal role in normal pollen *** transcription factors (TFs) bHLH010/089/091 redundantly facilitate the rapid nuclear accumulation of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1,a gatekeeper TF in the ***,the regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of bHLH010/089/091 remain *** this study,we reveal that caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase 1 (CCoAOMT1) is a negative regulator affecting the nuclear localization and function of bHLH010 and bHLH089,probably through their K259 *** findings underscore that CCoAOMT1 promotes the nuclear export and degradation of bHLH010 and ***,elevated CCoAOMT1 expression resulted in defective pollen development,mirroring the phenotype observed in bhlh010 bhlh089 ***,our investigation revealed that the K259A mutation in the bHLH089 protein disrupted its translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol and impeded its degradation induced by ***,transgenic plants with the probHLH089::bHLH089^(K259A)construct failed to rescue proper pollen development or gene expression in bhlh010 bhlh089 ***,these findings emphasize the need to maintain balanced TF homeostasis for male *** firmly establish CCoAOMT1 as a pivotal regulator that is instrumental in achieving equilibrium between the induction of the tapetum transcriptional network and ensuring appropriate anther development.

关键词： anther development nuclear localization bHLH O-methyltransferase transcription factor homeostasis