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Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity:A systematic review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第3期13卷 339-352,I0002页

作者： David Walzik Sergen Belen Karen Wilisch Marie Kupjetz Silvana Kirschke Tobias Esser Niklas Joisten Alexander Schenk Sebastian Proschinger Philipp Zimmer Division of Performance and Health(sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund UniversityDortmund 44227Germany

Background:B cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific *** alters B cell counts and immunoglobulin levels,but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are *** systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on B cells,immunoglobulins,and markers of secretory immunity in human ***:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,MEDLINE,Web of science,and Embase were searched on March 8,***-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on B cell counts and proportions,immunoglobulin levels,salivary flow rate,or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were *** and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in *** characteristics,outcome measures,and statistically significant changes were summarized ***:Of the 67 eligible studies,22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise *** included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context,but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control *** and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise ***:B cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training,but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise ***-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes B cell-related immunity.

关键词： Antibody B-lymphocyte Exercise Humoral immunity Immune system

Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： David Walzik Tiffany YWences Chirino Philipp Zimmer Niklas Joisten Division of Performance and Health(sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Division of Exercise and Movement science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully *** exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,adipose,and liver *** signaling molecules,which are collectively termed exerkines,form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances,mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue *** scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such ***,some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes.A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various *** emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research,we provide a comprehensive overview of(i)the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption,and(iii)the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： prevention treatment collective

Injury and illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn Michael Drew Gordon Waddington Julien D.Périard Naroa Etxebarria Liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research institute for sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales institute of sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland Academy of sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian institute of sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:Determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and experience levels)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** electronic databases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,MEDLINE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of science Core Collection,and sportDiscus)were *** of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors independently completed data ***:The search yielded 7998 studies,with 42 studies eligible for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated illnesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),cardiovascular(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epidemiology Triathlon

Revisiting the stretch-induced force deficit:A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of acute effects

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第6期13卷 805-819页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Lars Hubertus Lohmann institute of Human Movement science Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazGraz 8010Austria institute of sport science Alpen-Adria University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Worthersee 9020Austria institute of Human Movement and Exercise Physiology University of JenaJena 07749Germany

Background:When recommending avoidance of static stretching prior to athletic performance,authors and practitioners commonly refer to available systematic ***,effect sizes(ES)in previous reviews were extracted in major part from studies lacking control conditions and/or prepost testing ***,currently available reviews conducted calculations without accounting for multiple study outcomes,with ES:0.03 to 0.10,which would commonly be classified as ***:Since new meta-analytical software and controlled research articles have appeared since 2013,we revisited the available literatures and performed a multilevel meta-analysis using robust variance estimation of controlled prepost trials to provide updated ***,previous research described reduced electromyography activity—also attributable to fatiguing training routines—as being responsible for decreased subsequent *** second part of this study opposed stretching and alternative interventions sufficient to induce general fatigue to examine whether static stretching induces higher performance losses compared to other exercise ***:Including 83 studies with more than 400 ES from 2012 participants,our results indicate a significant,small ES for a static stretch-induced maximal strength loss(ES=0.21,p=0.003),with high magnitude ES(ES=0.84,p=0.004)for stretching durations60 s per bout when compared to passive *** opposed to active controls,the maximal strength loss ranges between ES:0.17 to0.28,p<0.001 and 0.040 with mostly no to small ***,stretching did not negatively influence athletic performance in general(when compared to both passive and active controls);in fact,a positive effect on subsequent jumping performance(ES=0.15,p=0.006)was found in ***:Regarding strength testing of isolated muscles(e.g.,leg extensions or calf raises),our results confirm previous ***,since no(or even positive)e

关键词： Static stretching Maximal strength Athletic performance Performance testing

Handgrip Strength and Low Muscle Strength Rate in Chinese Adults-China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第32期6卷 821-824,I0004-I0006页

作者： Jiarong Zhu Jingjing Wang Chaoqun Fan Dongming Wu Qiang Feng Department of National Fitness and Scientific Exercise Research Center China Institute of Sport ScienceBeijingChina

Summary What is already known on this topic?Handgrip strength(HS)serves as a diagnostic marker for low muscle strength rate(LMSR)and reflects the level of skeletal *** the past two decades,global data indicate a downward trend in HS across various *** is added by this report?According to the latest national data,the mean HS among Chinese adults aged 20 years and older was recorded at 40.4 kg for males and 25.1 kg for females in 2020.A decline in HS was observed with increasing age,particularly among ***,lower HS values were reported in rural areas,whereas LMSR was more prevalent in these *** are the implications for public health practice?The analysis of HS and LMSR among Chinese adults is essential for the development and implementation of targeted interventions aimed at improving HS prevalence *** analysis is highly significant for public health,contributing to increased public awareness of LMSR and the promotion of preventative measures.

关键词： strength promotion analysis

Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas Konrad Shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew Graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina Scharf David George Behm institute of Human Movement science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in ***,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch ***:We searched through PubMed,Scopus,Web of science,and sportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect ***,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup *** find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a ***:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;psports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching Stretch training

Immune consequences of exercise in hypoxia:A narrative review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第3期13卷 297-310,I0002页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Qadar Pasha Neha Chanana Gregoire P.Millet Martin Burtscher Barbara Strasser institute of sport sciences University of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland institute of Hypoxia Research New Delhi 110067India Department of Biochemistry Jamia HamdardNew Delhi 110062India Department of sport science University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Faculty of Medicine Sigmund Freud Private UniversityVienna 1020Austria Ludwig Boltzmann institute for Rehabilitation Research Vienna 1100Austria

Immune outcomes are key mediators of many health benefits of exercise and are determined by exercise type,dose(frequency/duration,intensity),and individual ***,reduced availability of ambient oxygen(hypoxia)modulates immune functions depending on the hypoxic dose and the individual capacity to respond to *** combined exercise and hypoxia(e.g.,high-altitude training)sculpts immune responses is not well understood,although such combinations are becoming increasingly ***,in this paper,we summarize the impact on immune responses of exercise and of hypoxia,both independently and together,with a focus on specialized cells in the innate and adaptive immune *** review the regulation of the immune system by tissue oxygen levels and the overlapping and distinct immune responses related to exercise and hypoxia,then we discuss how they may be modulated by nutritional ***,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlie many of the adaptations that can lead to improved cellular metabolism,resilience,and overall immune functions by regulating the survival,differentiation,activation,and migration of immune *** review shows that exercise and hypoxia can impair or complement/synergize with each other while regulating immune system *** acclimatization,training,and nutritional strategies can be used to avoid risks and tap into the synergistic potentials of the poorly studied immune consequences of exercising in a hypoxic state.

关键词： Altitude Exercise Hypoxia Immune response Training

Reactive oxygen species promote endurance exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第6期13卷 780-792页

作者： Scott K.Powers Zsolt Radak Li Li Ji Malcolm Jackson Department of Applied Physiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA Research institute of sport science Hungarian University of Sport ScienceBudapest 1123Hungary Department of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55455USA Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK

The discovery that contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)was first reported over 40 years *** prevailing view in the 1980s was that exercise-induced ROS production promotes oxidation of proteins and lipids resulting in muscle ***,a paradigm shift occurred in the 1990s as growing research revealed that ROS are signaling molecules,capable of activating transcriptional activators/coactivators and promoting exercise-induced muscle *** evidence supports the notion that reduction-oxidation(redox)signaling pathways play an important role in the muscle remodeling that occurs in response to endurance exercise *** review examines the specific role that redox signaling plays in this endurance exercise-induced skeletal muscle *** begin with a discussion of the primary sites of ROS production in contracting muscle fibers followed by a summary of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of ROS levels in the *** then discuss which redox-sensitive signaling pathways promote endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation and debate the strength of the evidence supporting the notion that redox signaling plays an essential role in muscle adaptation to endurance exercise *** hopes of stimulating future research,we highlight several important unanswered questions in this field.

关键词： Antioxidants Mitochondrial biogenesis Radicals Redox signaling

Refining safety considerations for intradialytic blood flow restriction exercise. Commentary on “Concerns on the application of blood-flow restriction resistance exercise and thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients”

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 455-456页

作者： Matthew J.Clarkson institute for Health and sport Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 8001Australia

I read with great interest the article“Concerns on the application of blood flow restriction resistance exercise and thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients”by Correa et al.1 The study presents complementary data from a previous randomized controlled trial,2 exploring the application of intradialytic blood flow restriction exercise for hemodialysis patients.

关键词： patients hemodialysis