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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Pan-TRK positive uterine sarcoma in immunohistochemistry without neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusions:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第2期13卷 39-49页

作者： Seungmee Lee Yu-Ra Jeon Changmin Shin Sun-Young Kwon Sojin Shin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea Department of Pathology and institute for Cancer Research Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea

BACKGROUND The classification of uterine sarcomas is based on distinctive morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics,increasingly supported by molecular genetic *** on neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase(NTRK)gene fusionpositive uterine sarcoma,potentially aggressive and morphologically similar to fibrosarcoma,are limited due to its recent ***-TRK immunohistochemistry(IHC)analysis serves as an effective screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for NTRK-fusion *** SUMMARY We report a case of a malignant mesenchymal tumor originating from the uterine cervix,which was pan-TRK IHC-positive but lacked NTRK gene fusions,accompanied by a brief literature review.A 55-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and distension,exhibiting significant ascites and multiple solid pelvic *** examination revealed a tumor encompassing the uterine cervix,extending to the vagina and uterine corpus.A punch biopsy of the cervix indicated NTRK sarcoma with positive immunochemical pan-TRK ***,subsequent next generation sequencing revealed no NTRK gene fusion,leading to a diagnosis of poorly differentiated,advanced-stage *** The clinical significance of NTRK gene fusion lies in potential treatment with TRK inhibitors for positive *** such rare tumors is crucial due to the potential applicability of tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor treatment.

关键词： Uterine sarcoma Cervical sarcoma Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusion Next generation sequencing Case report

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young Choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

High‑Entropy Electrode Materials:Synthesis,Properties and Outlook

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 472-506页

作者： Dongxiao Li Chang Liu Shusheng Tao Jieming Cai Biao Zhong Jie Li Wentao Deng Hongshuai Hou Guoqiang Zou Xiaobo Ji College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of EngineeringXiangtan 411104People’s Republic of China

High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two *** definition of high-entropy materials has continuously *** the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode ***,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation ***,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy *** should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy *** this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly ***,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis ***,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.

关键词： High-entropy Energy storage Electrode materials

Seventy Years of Economic development: A Review from the Angle of New Structural Economics

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China & World Economy 2020年第4期28卷 26-50页

作者： Justin Yifu Lin Yan Wang south-south cooperation and development Peking UniversityChina institute of New Structural Economics Peking UniversityChina

This review paper provides a new narrative by combing through the experiences of structural transformation among developing countries and discussing the roles of government and market in different *** performance has been influenced by the prevailing development thinking:the structuralism in the 1950s-1970s,which stresses an active government's role to overcome market failures for industrialization,and the neoliberalism in the 1980s-present,which advocates for eliminating government failures to build up a well-functioning *** find that almost all countries failing by following structuralism in their industrialization and neoliberalism in their transition to a market economy,and the few countries successful in catching up have a few characteristics that go against the prevailing structuralism and *** new structural economics,generated from the experiences of successful East Asian economies and proposing active facilitating roles of government in a market economy to remove market failures,will gain traction and take root.

关键词： deindustrialization development industrial policy new structural economics structural transformation

Influence of introducing Zr,Ti,Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 147-153页

作者： Junjie Li Wenbo Yu Zhenyu Sun Weichen Zheng Liangwei Zhang Yanling Xue Wenning Liu Shoumei Xiong Center of Materials Science and Engineering School of Mechanical and Electronic Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Traffic&Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

High pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile *** can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated ***,the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot *** addition,HPDC contains externally solidified crystals(ESCs),which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of *** achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al-Si alloy,we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr,Ti,Nb,and *** influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic *** results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs'size and porosity,while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased ***,large-sized Al_3(Zr,Ti)phases formed and degraded the mechanical *** introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.

关键词： aluminium alloy high-pressure die-casting externally solidified crystals non-heat treatment

Racism,Equity,and Quality of Education for International Students in south Korean Higher Education institutes

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Frontiers of Education in China 2016年第3期11卷 338-355页

作者： Jin-Hee KIM Office of Global Education development and cooperation Research Korean Educational Development Institute(KEDI)Seoul 06762South Korea

This study aims to understand equity issues of international students’learning in Korean higher education institutions by engaging with the issue of racism and identifies how international students in Korea reshape their learning trajectory and how we could provide equitable and quality education for international *** a qualitative case study design,six students from different background were interviewed to examine features of perceived institutional racism based on their learning experience in *** findings showed that internationalization has not been fulfilled in terms of engaging with international students although Korean government and higher education institutions have developed relevant policy to attract international *** study indicates that Korean universities need to reconstruct their social,cultural,and institutional systems to embrace equity,diversity and inclusiveness to empower international students’capacity.

关键词： diversity equity higher education multicultural education racism

Consumption and Income Poverty in Rural China: 1995-2018

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China & World Economy 2021年第4期29卷 63-88页

作者： Yanfeng Chen Qingjie Xia Xiaolin Wang National School of development Peking UniversityChina School of Economics and institute of south-south cooperation and development Peking UniversityChina institute of Six-sector Industries Fudan UniversityChina

This paper studies consumption and income poverty in rural China during the period from 1995 to 2018 using Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)*** finds that the wellbeing of Chinese rural residents has improved significantly during this period as part of China s rapid industrialization and economic *** incidence of poverty has fallen substantially,either measured in terms of income or ***,consumption poverty is not consistent with income *** was the substantial growth of consumption or income that brought about the sharp fall in poverty,whereas the redistribution of consumption or income in particular during the period from 2002 to 2018 was unfavorable for poverty reduction.A large number of rural household workers moved away from household farming to participate in local or urban non-farming activities,resulting in a fall in poverty in the households that engaged purely in farming,and economic growth led to a sharp fall in poverty within different rural household groups.

关键词： consumption poverty economic growth income poverty rural China

China's Growth Deceleration: Causes and Future Growth Prospect

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第1期14卷 26-52页

作者： Justin Yifu Lin institute of New Structural Economics Peking University Beijing 100871 China institute of south-south cooperation and development Peking University Beijing 100871 China National School of development Peking University Beijing 100871 China

China's growth decelerated substantially after 2010. This paper argues that the main cause for the deceleration is external and cyclical, China has a potential growth rate of 8%, the economy has good investment opportunities and resources, and China is likely to achieve a medium-high growth rate of around 6.5% in the coming years. The paper also examines the various structural reforms that can help China to release its growth potential and complete the transition to a well-functioning market economy.

关键词： China economic growth deceleration causes countermeasures external factors cyclical factors structural reforms growth potential wellfunctioning market econmy hig-growth rate medium-high growth