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Relationships between blood chromium exposure and liver injury:Exploring the mediating role of systemic inflammation in a chromate-exposed population

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 224-234页

作者： Zekang Su Yali Zhang Shiyi Hong Qiaojian Zhang Jiayu Xu Guiping Hu Xiaojun Zhu Fang Yuan Shanfa Yu Tianchen Wang Guang Jia Department of occupational and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Engineering medicine and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China National Center for occupational Safety and Health Beijing 102308China Department of occupational Health and Radiological Health Chongqing Centers for Disease Control and PreventionChongqing 400042China Henan institute for occupational medicine Zhengzhou 450052China Department of Clinical Laboratory Third Hospital of Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are prevalent pollutants,especially in the work environment,pose a significant risk for multisystem toxicity and cancers.While it is known that chromium accumulation in the liver can cause damage,the dose-response relationship between blood chromium(Cr)and liver injury,as well as the possible potential toxic mechanisms involved,remains poorly understood.To address this,we conducted a follow-up study of 590 visits from 305 participants to investigate the associations of blood Cr with biomarkers for liver injury,including serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),and direct bilirubin(DBIL),and to evaluate the mediating effects of systemic inflammation.Platelet(PLT)and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)were utilized as biomarkers of systemic inflammation.In the linear mixed-effects analyses,each 1-unit increase in blood Cr level was associated with estimated effect percentage increases of 0.82%(0.11%,1.53%)in TBIL,1.67%(0.06%,3.28%)in DBIL,0.73%(0.04%,1.43%)in ALT and 2.08%(0.29%,3.87%)in AST,respectively.Furthermore,PLT mediated 10.04%,11.35%,and 10.77%increases in TBIL,DBIL,and ALT levels induced by chromate,respectively.In addition,PLR mediated 8.26%and 15.58%of the association between blood Cr and TBIL or ALT.These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying blood Cr-induced liver injury,which is partly due to worsening systemic inflammation.

关键词： Blood chromate Liver injury Systemic inflammation Mediation analysis

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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas Department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Department of Preventive and social medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an implant.Methods:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.Patients with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for surgery.Patients were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization technique.The control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W test.An independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age data.Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,respectively.Results:There were 88 patients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

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Prognostic Nutritional Index Associates with the Severity of Silicosis:A Study from a Tertiary Class A Prevention and Treatment institute for occupational Diseases in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 122-126页

作者： HE La Gu LIANG Yun Lai YANG Lu Qi YUAN Hua Min Medical laboratory Department Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational DiseasesChangsha 410000HunanChina Laboratory medicine Department Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410013HunanChina

Pneumoconiosis is a group of heterogeneous fibrotic lung diseases caused by inorganic mineral dust and includes coal workers’pneumoconiosis and silicosis.Silicosis involves diffuse or nodular interstitial pulmonary fibrosis caused by exposure to asbestos or silica dust.China is thought to have the highest number of silicosis cases,with 6,000 new cases reported annually^([1]).Currently,the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis relies mainly on a history of occupational exposure and radiological abnormalities^([2]).Therefore,determining further indicators is crucial to reflect the severity of silicosis.

关键词： diagnosis lung diseases

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Severe liver injury and clinical characteristics of occupational exposure to 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide: A case series

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 186-194页

作者： Meng-Xiao Feng Hua Zou Yuan-Qiang Lu Department of Emergency medicine The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310003China occupational Health and Radiation Protection institute Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou 310051China

Background:The 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide is a key intermediate in the synthesis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals.However,no literature currently exists on 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning in humans.This study aimed to reveal the health hazard of this chemical for humans and summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with occupational 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning.Methods:This observational study included four patients with 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning from June 2022 to July 2022.The entire course of the incidents was described in detail.Blood 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide concentrations were detected by a mass spectrometer.Hema-toxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess liver injury,and immunofluorescence was used to evaluate hepatic mitophagy.Results:The 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide powder(99%purity)entered the human body mainly via the skin and respiratory tract due to poor personal protective measures.The typical course of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning was divided into latency,rash,fever,organic dam-age,and recovery phases in accordance with the clinical evolution.Rash and fever may be the important premonitory symptoms for further organ injuries.The chemical was detected in the blood of all patients and caused multiple organ injuries,predominantly liver injury,including kidney,myocardium,and micro-circulation.Three patients recovered smoothly after comprehensive treatments,including artificial liver therapy,continuous renal replacement therapy,glucocorticoids,and other symptomatic and supportive treatments.One patient survived by liver transplantation.The postoperative pathological findings of the removed liver showed acute liver failure,and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the abundance of mitophagy in residual hepatocytes.Conclusions:This study is the first to elaborate the clinical characteristics of patients with 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning.The chemical enter

关键词： 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide Poisoning Clinical characteristics Liver injury

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Combined Treatment with Bojungikgi-tang(Buzhong Yiqi Decoction) and Riluzole Attenuates Cell Death in TDP-43-Expressing Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2024年第7期30卷 616-622页

作者： Eun Jin Yang Department of KM Science Research Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

Objective: To examine the effect of combined treatment with Bojungikgi-tang(BJIGT, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction) and riluzole(RZ) in transactive response DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43) stress granule(SG) cells, a amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) cell line using transcriptomic and molecular techniques. Methods: TDP-43 SG cells were pretreated with BJIGT(100 μg/mL), RZ(50 μmol/L), and combined BJIGT(100 μg/mL)/RZ(50 μmol/L) for 6 h before treatment with lipopolysaccharide(LPS, 200 μmol/L). Cell viability assay was performed to elucidate cell toxicity in TDP-43 SC cells using a cell-counting kit-8(CCK8) assay kit. The expression levels of cell death-related proteins, including Bax, caspase 1, cleaved caspase 3 and DJ1 in TDP-43 SG cells were examined by Western blot analysis. The autophagy-related proteins, including pmTOR/mTOR, LC3b, P62, ATG7 and Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3(Bag3) were investigated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. Results: Cell viability assay and Western blot analysis showed that combined treatment with BJIGT and RZ suppressed LPS-induced cell death and expression of cell death-related proteins, including Bax, caspase 1, and DJ1(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays showed that combined treatment with BJIGT and RZ reduced LPS-induced formation of TDP-43 aggregates and regulated autophagy-related protein levels, including p62, light chain 3b, Bag3, and ATG7, in TDP-43-expressing cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: The combined treatment of BJIGT and RZ might reduce inflammation and regulate autophagy dysfunction in TDP-43-induced ALS.

关键词： Bojungikgi-tang Buzhong Yiqi Decoction transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 autophagy oxidative stress amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Myocardial metastasis from ZEB1-and TWIST-positive spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1636-1643页

作者： Yoshihiro Shibata Hirofumi Ohmura Kazuki Komatsu Kosuke Sagara Atsuji Matsuyama Ryuji Nakano Eishi Baba Department of Medical Oncology Fukuoka Wajiro HospitalFukuoka 811-0213Japan Department of Oncology and social medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 812-8582Japan Department of Pathology and Oncology University of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushu 807-8555Japan Department of Diagnostic Pathology Fukuoka Wajiro HospitalFukuoka 811-0213Japan

BACKGROUND Metastatic cardiac tumors are known to occur more frequently than primary cardiac tumors,however,they often remain asymptomatic and are commonly dis-covered on autopsy.Malignant tumors with a relatively high frequency of cardiac metastasis include mesothelioma,melanoma,lung cancer,and breast cancer,whereas reports of esophageal cancer with cardiac metastasis are rare.CASE SUMMARY The case of a 60-year-old man who complained of dysphagia is presented.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor-like elevated lesion in the esophagus causing stenosis.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed left atrial compression due to the esophageal tumor,multiple liver and lung metastases,and a left pleural effusion.Pathological examination of a biopsy speci-men from the esophageal tumor showed spindle-shaped cells,raising suspicion of esophageal sarcoma.The disease progressed rapidly,and systemic chemotherapy was deemed necessary,however,due to his poor general condition,adminis-tration of cytotoxic agents was considered difficult.Given his high Combined Positive Score,nivolumab was administered,however,the patient soon died from the disease.The autopsy confirmed spindle cell carcinoma(SCC)of the esophagus and cardiac metastasis with similar histological features.Cancer stem cell markers,ZEB1 and TWIST,were positive in both the primary tumor and the cardiac metastasis.CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge,there have been no prior reports of cardiac metastasis of esophageal SCC.This case highlights our experience with a patient with esophageal SCC who progressed rapidly and died from the disease,with the autopsy examination showing cardiac metastasis.

关键词： Spindle cell carcinoma Esophagus Myocardial metastasis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Case report

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Differences in vascular endothelial function and serum proteome between obese people with phlegm-dampness constitution and balanced constitution

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Journal of Traditional Chinese medicine 2024年第1期44卷 188-196页

作者： ZHU Linghui SUN Ziwei GUAN Yuanyuan LIU Meiyi ZHENG Yi YU Ruoxi WANG Qi LI Lingru School of Chinese medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102488China National institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the extent of vascular endothelial dysfunction and preliminary identify serum protein biomarkers associated with obese individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).METHODS:Fifteen obese volunteers with the phlegmdampness constitution or balanced constitution were recruited for this study respectively.The clinical baseline data was collected,and the vascular endothelial function was evaluated using the EndoPAT?.Blood samples were collected for the serum proteome analysis.The differences in the serum protein expression levels between the two groups were detected and the protein interaction network analysis,correlation analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,and random forest model investigation were conducted.RESULTS:There were no statistical differences found in the baseline data.For vascular endothelial function,the reactive hyperemia index(RHI)of the phlegm-dampness constitution obese group was significantly lower than that of the balanced constitution obese group(1.46±0.30 vs 2.82±0.78,P<0.0001),indicating vascular endothelial dysfunction.There are 66 differentially expressed serum proteins between the two groups.apolipoprotein A2(Apo A2),angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE-2),interleukin-33(IL-33),and forkhead box P3(FoxP3)showed significant differences and area under curve values of their ROC curves were greater than 0.7 and correlated significantly with RHI.CONCLUSION:Vascular endothelial dysfunction was present in the phlegm-dampness constitution obese group.Thus,alterations in the expression levels of key serum proteins,including Apo A2,ACE-2,IL-33,and Fox P3 could serve as potential biomarkers in the obese population at risk of CVD.

关键词： obesity phlegm-dampness constitution vascular endothelial function proteome reactive hyperemia index

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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and social medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in LMICs.North Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available data.Here,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in DPRK.Methods We used World Bank data and models from the institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(age<20 years).We compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic status.Results Between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has decreased.In 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical conditions.The leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per capita.However,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with surgery.Transport injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in DPRK.Conclusions Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical capacity.Improved availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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Whole-genome sequencing in medicinal plants:current progress and prospect

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 258-273页

作者： Yifei Pei Liang Leng Wei Sun Baocai Liu Xue Feng Xiwen Li Shilin Chen institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China institute of Herbgenomics Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Innovative institute of Chinese medicine and Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China institute of Agricultural Bioresource Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350003China

Advancements in genomics have dramatically accelerated the research on medicinal plants,and the development of herbgenomics has promoted the“Project of 1K Medicinal Plant Genome”to decipher their genetic code.However,it is difficult to obtain their high-quality whole genomes because of the prevalence of polyploidy and/or high genomic heterozygosity.Whole genomes of 123 medicinal plants were published until September 2022.These published genome sequences were investigated in this review,covering their classification,research teams,ploidy,medicinal functions,and sequencing strategies.More than 1,000 institutes or universities around the world and 50 countries are conducting research on medicinal plant genomes.Diploid species account for a majority of sequenced medicinal plants.The whole genomes of plants in the Poaceae family are the most studied.Almost 40%of the published papers studied species with tonifying,replenishing,and heat-cleaning medicinal effects.Medicinal plants are still in the process of domestication as compared with crops,thereby resulting in unclear genetic backgrounds and the lack of pure lines,thus making their genomes more difficult to complete.In addition,there is still no clear routine framework for a medicinal plant to obtain a high-quality whole genome.Herein,a clear and complete strategy has been originally proposed for creating a high-quality whole genome of medicinal plants.Moreover,whole genome-based biological studies of medicinal plants,including breeding and biosynthesis,were reviewed.We also advocate that a research platform of model medicinal plants should be established to promote the genomics research of medicinal plants.

关键词： herbgenomics whole genome high throughput sequencing research strategy model species application

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Tryptophan-specific peptide modification through metal-free photoinduced N-H alkylation employing N-aryl glycines

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 316-319页

作者： Jianhui Yin Wenjing Huang Changyong Guo Chao Liu Fei Gao Honggang Hu School of medicine or institute of Translation medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Tryptophan(Trp)carries a unique heteroaromatic indole side chain and plays a critical role in peptide or protein modification.Herein,we have reported a metal-free photoinduced N-H alkylation strategy using N-aryl glycines for specific modification of tryptophan-containing peptides.The robustness of our approach is demonstrated by its wide substrate scope,excellent isolated yields,as well as almost unobservable side effects.Using this highly efficiently metal-free condition,alkylated Trp-containing peptides can be smoothly assembled.This study provides a reliable and practical tool for the chemo-selective modification of various tryptophan containing oligopeptides.

关键词： Tryptophan Peptide Modification Glycine Photoinduced

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