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The role of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase in protection of tobacco plant against heat stress

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Science China(Life sciences) 2006年第4期49卷 311-321页

作者： WANG Peng YE Jiyu SHEN Yungang MI Hualing National Laboratory of plant molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

After incubation at 42℃ for more than 48 h, brown damages occurred on the stems of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) ndhC-ndhK-ndhJ deletion mutant (?ndhCKJ), followed by wilt of the leaves, while less the phenotype was found in its wild type (WT). Analysis of the kinetics of post-illumination rise in chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that the PSI cyclic electron flow and the chlororespiration mediated by NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) was significantly enhanced in WT under the high temperature. After leaf disks were treated with methyl viologen (MV), photosynthetic apparatus of ?ndhCKJ exhibited more severe photo-oxidative damage, even bleaching of chlorophyll. Analysis of P700 oxidation and reduction showed that the NDH mediated cyclic electron flow probably functioned as an electron competitor with Mehler reaction, to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When leaf disks were heat stressed at 42℃ for 6 h, the photochemical activity declined more markedly in ?ndhCKJ than in WT, accompanied with more evident decrease in the amount of soluble Rubisco activase. In addition, the slow phase of millisecond-delayed light emission (ms-DLE) of chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that NDH was involved in the building-up of transthy-lakoid proton gradient (?pH), while the consumption of ?pH was highly inhibited in ?ndhCKJ after heat stress. Based on the results, we supposed that the cyclic electron flow mediated by NDH could be stimulated under the heat stressed conditions, to divert excess electrons via chlororespiration pathway, and sustain CO2 assimilation by providing extra ?pH, thus reducing the photooxidative damage.

关键词： NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, high temperature, photooxidative stress, cyclic electron transport.

Histone variants: the artists of eukaryotic chromatin

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Science China(Life sciences) 2015年第3期58卷 232-239页

作者： LI Min FANG YuDa National Key Laboratory of plant molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

The eukaryotic genome is packaged into a complex nucleoprotein structure named chromatin, balancing the compactness of genome and the accessibility of regulatory proteins and RNA polymerases to DNA. The mechanisms of the regulation of chromatin dynamics include the post-translational modification of histones, alteration of nucleosome positions by chromatin remodelers, replacement of canonical histones by histone variants with the aid of histone chaperones, and dynamic organization of the three-dimensional genome in the small nucleus. Histone variants are different from canonical histones by substitution of several amino acid residues or changes in amino acid sequence. Histone variants perform specialized functions such as altering nucleosome stability, dynamics, structure, as well as playing critical roles in a range of biological processes like transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and recombination, development and immune responses. Here we discuss how histone variants, their modification and specific loading to chromatin are involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and plant development.

关键词： histone variants histone modification gene regulation DNA repair stress responsiveness

Rice Homeobox Transcription Factor HOX1a Positively Regulates Gibberellin Responses by Directly Suppressing EL1

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2011年第11期53卷 869-878页

作者： Bi-Qing Wen Mei-Qing Xing Hua Zhang Cheng Dai Hong-Wei Xue National Key Laboratory of plant-molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

Homeobox transcription factors are involved in various aspects of plant development, including maintenance of the biosynthesis and signaling pathways of different hormones. However, few direct targets of homeobox proteins have been identified. We here show that overexpression of rice homeobox gene HOXla resulted in enhanced gibberellin （GA） response, indicating a positive effect of HOXla in GA signaling. HOXla is induced by GA and encodes a homeobox transcription factor with transcription repression activity. In addition, HOXla suppresses the transcription of early flowering1 （EL1）, a negative regulator of GA signaling, and further electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that HOXla directly bound to the promoter region of EL1 to suppress its expression and stimulate GA signaling. These results demonstrate that HOXla functions as a positive regulator of GA signaling by suppressing EL1, providing informative hints on the study of GA signaling.

关键词： EL1 giberellin giberellin signaling HOXla homeobox.

Hormone modulation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2018年第8期60卷 632-648页

作者： Huan Liu Chi Zhang Jun Yang Nan Yu Ertao Wang National Key Laboratory of plant molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life and Environment sciences Shanghai Normal University

Leguminous plants can establish symbiotic associations with diazotropic rhizobia to form nitrogen- fixating nodules, which are classified as determinate or indeterminate based on the persistence of nodule meristem. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules requires coordinating rhizobial infection and root nodule organogenesis. The formation of an infection thread and the extent of nodule formation are largely under plant control, but vary with environmental conditions and the physiological state of the host plants. Many achievements in these two areas have been made in recent decades. Phytohormone signaling pathways have gradually emerged as important regulators of root nodule symbio- sis. Cytokinin, strigolactones （SLs） and local accumulation of auxin can promote nodule development. Ethylene, jasmonic acid （JA）, abscisic acid （ABA） and gibberellic acid （GA） all negatively regulate infection thread formation and nodule development. However, salicylic acid （SA） and brassinosteroids （BRs） have different effects on the formation of these two nodule types. Some peptide hormones are also involved in nodulation. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in legume-rhizobial symbiosis, and we propose that DELLA proteins may function as a node to integrate plant hormones to regulate nodulation.

关键词： GA BRs SA Hormone modulation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis

Artemisinin and plant secondary metabolism

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Science Bulletin 2016年第1期61卷 1-2页

作者： Xiao-Ya Chen Zhihong Xu State Key Laboratory of plant molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life sciences Peking University

In March of 1977,a team of pharmacologists and chemists published a one-page article in Chinese Science Bulletin[1],which reports that the antimalarial component present in the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua L.(sweet wormwood)is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone,and they named it *** Tu,a woman scientist,is one of the authors who formed the

关键词：青蒿素植物次生代谢恶性疟原虫女科学家倍半萜内酯传统中药无性阶段化学家

Meristem control of leaf patterning

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Science China(Life sciences) 2015年第3期58卷 315-316页

作者： XU Lin National Laboratory of plant molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

plant organs are derived from stem *** a leaf primordium initiates growth from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）,it establishes adaxial-abaxial（dorsal-ventral）*** polarity essentially allows the leaf to become a flat structure with the lamina expanding along the juxtaposition,i.e.,the middle domain,between the adaxial and abaxial domains.

关键词： polarity expanding dorsal lamina shoot essentially capturing organs auxin ventral

Clustering of Pathogen-Response Genes in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2011年第10期53卷 824-834页

作者： Olga A.Postnikova Natalia Y.Minakova Alexander M.Boutanaev Lev G.Nemchinov United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Sciences InstituteMolecular Plant Pathology Laboratory institute of Basic biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences

Previously, we used heterologous expressed sequence tag （EST） mapping to generate a profile of 4 935 pathogen-response genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we performed a computer analysis of this profile, revealing 1594 non-homologous clustered genes distributed among all A. thafiana chromosomes, whose co-regulation may be related to host responses to pathogens. To supplement computer data, we arbitrarily selected two clusters and analyzed their expression levels in A. thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and C24 during infection with the yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus CMV（Y）. Ecotype Col-0 is susceptible to CMV（Y）, whereas C24 contains the dominant resistance gene RCY1. Upon infection with CMV（Y）, all clustered genes were significantly activated in the resistant ecotype C24. In addition, we demonstrated that posttranslational histone modifications associated with trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 are most likely involved in regulation of several cluster genes described in this study. Overall, our experiments indicated that pathogen-response genes in the genome of A. thaliana may be clustered and co-regulated.

关键词： CMV H3K27me3 heterologous EST mapping clustering of defense-related genes.

Studies on the Rice LEAF INCLINATION1 （LC1）, an IAA-amido Synthetase, Reveal the Effects of Auxin in Leaf Inclination Control

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molecular plant 2013年第1期6卷 174-187页

作者： Shu-Qing Zhao Jing-Jing Xiang Hong-Wei Xue National Key Laboratory of plant molecular Genetics institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences ChineseAcademy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The angle of rice leaf inclination is an important agronomic trait and closely related to the yields and archi- tecture of crops. Although few mutants with altered leaf angles have been reported, the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated, especially whether hormones are involved in this process. Through genetic screening, a rice gain-of- function mutant leaf inclination1, Icl-D, was identified from the Shanghai T-DNA Insertion Population （SHIP）. Phenotypic analysis confirmed the exaggerated leaf angles of Icl-D due to the stimulated cell elongation at the lamina joint. LC1 is transcribed in various tissues and encodes OsGH3-1, an indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） amido synthetase, whose homolog of Arabidopsis functions in maintaining the auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess IAA to various amino acids. Indeed, recombinant LC1 can catalyze the conjugation of IAA to Ala, Asp, and Asn in vitro, which is consistent with the decreased free IAA amount in Icl-D mutant. Icl-D is insensitive to IAA and hypersensitive to exogenous BR, in agreement with the microarray analysis that reveals the altered transcriptions of genes involved in auxin signaling and BR biosynthesis. These results indicate the crucial roles of auxin homeostasis in the leaf inclination control.

关键词： rice leaf inclination auxin GH3.

Ribosomal DNA gene and phylogenetic relationships of Diplura and lower Hexapods

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Science China(Life sciences) 2003年第1期46卷 67-76页

作者：栾云霞张亚平岳巧云庞峻峰谢荣栋尹文英 institute of plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Cellular and molecular Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The monophyly of Diplura and its phylogenetic relationship with other hexapods are important for understanding the phylogeny of Hexapoda. The complete 18SrRNA gene and partial 28SrRNA gene (D3-D5 region) from 2 dipluran species (Campodeidae and Japygidae), 2 proturan species, 3 collembolan species, and 1 locust species were sequenced. Combining related se-quences in GenBank, phylogenetic trees of Hexapoda were constructed by MP method using a crustacean Artemia salina as an outgroup. The results indicated that: (i) the integrated data of 18SrDNA and 28SrDNA could provide better phylogenetic information, which well supported the monophyly of Diplura; (ii) Diplura had a close phylogenetic relationship to Protura with high boot-strap support.

关键词： Diplura, Hexapoda, 18SrRNA gene, 28SrRNA gene, phylogeny.