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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend <0.005). In contrast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%CI]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend <0.005). Replacing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D(all P values <0.001).The observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T

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Intricacies during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 62-64页

作者： Richa Rattan Rimesh Pal Parul Chawla Gupta Arvind Kumar Morya Ripunjay Prasad Department of endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012PunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology RP Eye InstituteDelhi 110001India

The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass *** analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to *** these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods ***,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics *** study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for *** GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical *** its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Biomarkers Differentially expressed proteins Retinol-binding protein 4 Angiopoietin-like 8 Proteomics Lifestyle interventions Early prediction

TRMT6 and TRMT61A facilitated acute pancreatitis severity via regulation of neutrophil function

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yuan Dong Li Su Sin Man Lam Cen Yan Yalan Deng Guotao Lu Jinkui Yang Guanghou Shui Yingmei Feng Beijing institute of Hepatology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical University Department of Science and Development Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical University Laboratory for Clinical Medicine Capital Medical University Neuroscience Research institute Peking University Center of Medical and Health AnalysisPeking University State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Pancreatic Center Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou University Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care Department of EndocrinologyBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University

Dear Editor,Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as a risk factor for increased severity in acute pancreatitis (AP)(Mikóet al,2018).However,to date,no studies have simultaneously included healthy individuals,T2DM patients,and AP patients to investigate which diabetes-associated metabolites are linked to AP severity.

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Regulation of energy metabolism and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis:the adiponectin story after 20 years

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2016年第2期8卷 91-92页

作者： Hong Ruan Feng Liu Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA institute of metabolismand endocrinology Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011China

Thecurrent obesity epidemic andits major sequelae,including type 2 diabetes,atherosclerosis,and cardiovascular diseases,threaten human health,productivity,and life *** studies,which continue to further clarify themolecular basis of these diseases,aim to ultimately provide a path to better diagnoses and therapies for disease prevention and *** resistance is a defining feature of obesitylinked type 2 diabetes and nearly always coexists with reduced plasma adiponectin levels and a constellation of other abnormalities that increase the risks for cardio-and cerebro-vascular diseases.

关键词： metabolism homeostasis prevention

ADENYLATE CYCLASE-MODULATING MEDIATORS OF INSULIN

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Science in China,Ser.B 1988年第7期31卷 838-849页

作者：张世荣乐云幸兴球魏铁拳姚文贞韩锦华 Department of endocrinology institute of Zoology Academia Sinica Beijing

Plasma membranes prepared from pig liver incubated with insulin (50—300 μU/ml) resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. They appeared to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in liver plasma membrances of pig. One of them was fraction 1 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 3700—4000 dalton) which markedly stimulated the activity of the enzyme, the other was fraction 2 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 1000 dalton) which inhibited the enzyme activity. The results showed that the inhibitor of fraction 2 generated was significantly higher than that of fraction 1 when the membranes were incubated with insulin of low concentration (50—100 μU/ml). On the other hand, the generation of stimulator of fraction 1 from plasma membranes incubated with insulin of high concentration (200 μU/ml) was higher than that of fraction 2. So the ratio of yield between two mediators produced from the membranes was dependent on the concentration of insulin added. The results also showed that the

关键词： liver insulin mediator adenylate cyclase activity-stimulating mediator adenylate cyclase activity-inhibiting mediator.

THE ROLE OF INSULIN MEDIATORS IN REGULATION OF cAMP AND LIPOGENESIS AS WELL AS IN DIABETES

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Science in China,Ser.B 1987年第8期30卷 832-841页

作者：张世荣魏铁拳姚文贞韩锦华幸兴球王越王敬泽乐云 Department of endocrinology institute of Zoology Academia Sinica Beijing

Plasma membranes prepared from pig, mouse and rat liver incubated with insulin resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. These mediators, identified as fractions 1 and 3, were found to inhibit cAMP level in response to lipolytic hormone and forskolin and to enhance lipogenesis in adipocytes of rat. Fractions 1 and 3 have been estimated to have molecular weights of 3700—4000 and 1000—1500 dalton, respectively. This initial report will focus on fraction ***, liver membranes from diabetic animals were found not to release mediators in the presence of insulin. However, following in vivo treatment of diabetic animals with insulin, the liver membranes appeared to restore its ability in generating chemical mediators in response to insulin.

关键词： THE ROLE OF INSULIN MEDIATORS IN REGULATION OF cAMP AND LIPOGENESIS AS WELL AS IN DIABETES AS

INTERACTION AND REGULATION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS AND THEIR INHIBITOR IN RAT FOLLICLES DURING PERIOVULATORY PERIODS

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Science China Chemistry 1988年第1期31卷 47-57页

作者：刘以训 institute of Zoology Academia Sinica Beijing Department of endocrinology

Ovarian follicles produce two types of plasminogen activator (tPA and uPA), and their inhibitor(PAI). We have examined the interaction and regulation of these factors in ovarian intact follicles aswell as granulosa and theca-interstitial cells. The results show that only tPA, but not uPA, is regulated bythe gonadotropins and reaches maximum prior to ovulation. PAI is secreted mainly by theca-interstitialcells and is stimulated also by the gonadotropins. The formation of complexes between PA and PAI com-pletely blocks or decreases PA activity. It is suggested that the interaction between plasminogen activatorsand their inhibitor in the follicles may play a very important role in maintaining normal ovarian functionand the machnism of ovulation.

关键词： INTERACTION AND REGULATION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS AND THEIR INHIBITOR IN RAT FOLLICLES DURING PERIOVULATORY PERIODS RAT

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) RECEPTORS IN THE ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE OF PREGNANT RATS

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Science China Chemistry 1984年第7期27卷 687-695页

作者：曹詠清沈孝宙叶良秦陈幼珍张致一 institute of Zoology Beijing Department of endocrinology Academia Sinica

The mechanisms by which LH-RH or its agonists inhibit decidua formation and terminatepregnancy in rats are not clear. Evidence so far accumulated indicates that the gonadotropicreleasing hormone or its analogues may act directly on the uterus. If this is the case, then wewould be able to identify LH-RH receptors in the endometrial tissue. The results presentedhere demonstrate that the homogenate preparation of rat endometrial tissue bound25I-LH-RHwith an affinity constant of Ka = 1.3×10M. The binding capacity was measured as 236fmole/mg protein. It was found that the binding is highly specific, because no binding wasobserved in a variety of non-target tissues, such as liver, kidney and muscle. Competitive bind-ing with TRH, P substance and bradykinin did not occur under our experimental *** was of particular interest to note that Day 3 of pregnancy is a critical time showing a higherbinding activity. The significance of work is discussed.

关键词： LH-RH RECEPTORS IN THE ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE OF PREGNANT RATS IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE

EFFECT ON LIPOGENESIS AND CHARACTER OF MEDIATOR INDUCED BY INSULIN AND ITS ANALOGS

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Science China Chemistry 1988年第6期31卷 667-675页

作者：魏铁拳张世荣 institute of Zoology Department of endocrinology Beijing Academia Sinica

The fraction 1 of the insulin mediator （M. W. = 5700-4000） partially purified from the superna-tants which were extracted from the pig liver particulate fractions incubated with insulin, （D-ala）insulinand DesBDPI respectively showed the capability to stimulate lipogenesis in rat adipocytes. The lipogen-esis-stimulating activities of the fraction 1 generated were in order of inducers, i. e. insulin>（D-ala）insulin>DesBDPI. Significant correlation appeared between the values of 230 nm absorbances and activites of themediators which were generated from liver particulate fractions incubated with insulin and its *** coefficient of correlation of the values of O. D.230nm to the lipogenesis stimulating activities was0.74 (n= 14. P（0.01）. The results also showed that the yields of the insulin mediator reflected thebiological activities of the hormone and its analogs, suggesting that the mediator is possibly a secondmessenger of insulin. Both the 230 nm absorbance and lipogenesis-activity

关键词： EFFECT ON LIPOGENESIS AND CHARACTER OF MEDIATOR INDUCED BY INSULIN AND ITS ANALOGS