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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第5期48卷 426-428页

作者： Yixuan Huang Peng Zhang Division of Immunotherapy Institute of Human VirologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA

Agents that induce an immune response against tumors by altering the immunologic microenvironment have shown remarkable efficacy in various solid cancers,such as metastatic melanoma(Johnson and Sosman,2015;Luke et al.,2017).However,despite the high rate of response in advanced melanoma compared with other cancer types,most patients still succumb to the disease(Sharma et al.,2017;O’Donnell et al.,2019).

关键词： melanoma al. metastatic

The Great Coronavirus Pandemic of 2019−2021:the Future and the Requirement for China-America Cooperation

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China CDC weekly 2021年第7期3卷 136-137页

作者： Robert C.Gallo Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA Global Virus Network(GVN)

Over the past century,the great pandemics and most epidemics(defined as virus presence and disease induction presenting more than the expected number of infections in a population)were caused by the sudden outbreak of an RNA virus such as the pandemics of influenza,polio,and HIV/AIDS and the epidemics of influenza,Ebola,Dengue,Zika,West Nile,severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS),and Chikungunya.Of course,there are other infections that remain endemic problems in parts of the world.

关键词： respiratory acute epidemic

Use of Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Treatment in the Modern Direct-acting Antiviral Era

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第4期6卷 431-437页

作者： Poonam Mathur Shyamasundaran Kottilil Eleanor Wilson Division of Clinical Care and Research Institute of Human VirologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Ribavirin,once a staple of hepatitis C treatment,has significant drawbacks,including treatment-limiting side effects,the requirement for intensive laboratory monitoring,the need for frequent dose adjustments,and teratogenicity.These factors make it difficult to escalate ribavirin-based HCV treatment to most infected patients globally.Most studies have shown comparable response rates between ribavirin-inclusive and ribavirin-sparing regimens in uncomplicated patient populations.However,ribavirin is still used in the management of patients who have failed previous therapy as well as those with decompensated liver disease.In this review,we explore the evidence supporting the use of ribavirin in the current climate of hepatitis C treatment with oral combination direct-acting antiviral agents.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Direct-acting antivirals Ribavirin

Active tracking of rejected dried blood samples in a large program in Nigeria

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World Journal of virology 2016年第2期5卷 73-81页

作者： Auchi Inalegwu Sunny Phillips Rawlings Datir Christopher Chime Petronilla Ozumba Samuel Peters Obinna Ogbanufe Charles Mensah Alash'Le Abimiku Patrick Dakum Nicaise Ndembi Institute of Human Virology US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Embassy of the United States of America Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland School of Medicine

AIM: To study the impact of rejection at different levels of health care by retrospectively reviewing records of dried blood spot samples received at the molecular laboratory for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) early infant diagnosis(EID) between January 2008 and December 2012.METHODS: The specimen rejection rate, reasons for rejection and the impact of rejection at different levels of health care was examined. The extracted data were cleaned and checked for consistency and then deduplicated using the unique patient and clinic identifiers. The cleaned data were ciphered and exported to SPSS version 19(SPSS 2010 IBM Corp, New York, United States) for statistical analyses.RESULTS: Sample rejection rate of 2.4%(n = 786/32552) and repeat rate of 8.8%(n = 69/786) were established. The mean age of infants presenting for first HIV molecular test among accepted valid samples was 17.83 wk(95%CI: 17.65-18.01) vs 20.30 wk(95%CI: 16.53-24.06) for repeated samples. HIV infection rate was 9.8% vs 15.9% for accepted and repeated samples. Compared to tertiary healthcare clinics, secondary and primary clinics had twofold and three-fold higher likelihood of sample rejection, respectively(P < 0.05). We observed a significant increase in sample rejection rate with increasing number of EID clinics(r = 0.893, P = 0.041). The major reasons for rejection were improper sample collection(26.3%), improper labeling(16.4%) and insufficient blood(14.8%). CONCLUSION: Programs should monitor pre-analytical variables and incorporate continuous quality improvement interventions to reduce errors associated with sample rejection and improve patient retention.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus Prevention of mother-to-child transmission Early infant diagnosis Dried blood spot Pre-analytical error Sample rejection

The roles of ebolavirus glycoproteins in viral pathogenesis

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第1期32卷 3-15页

作者： Yun-Jia Ning Fei Deng Zhihong Hu Hualin Wang State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ebolaviruses are highly dangerous pathogens exhibiting extreme virulence in humans and nonhuman primates. The majority of ebolavirus species, most notably Zaire ebolavirus, can cause Ebola virus disease(EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, in humans. EVD is associated with case-fatality rates as high as 90%, and there is currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available against EVD. Understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of ebolaviruses is important for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Ebolavirus encodes several forms of glycoproteins(GPs), which have some interesting characteristics, including the transcriptional editing coding strategy and extensive O-glycosylation modification, clustered in the mucin-like domain of GP1, full-length GP(GP_(1,2)), and shed GP. In addition to the canonical role of the spike protein, GP_(1,2), in viral entry, ebolavirus GPs appear to have multiple additional functions,likely contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the virus. Here, we review the roles of ebolavirus GPs in viral pathogenesis.

关键词： ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP ) 像粘蛋白的领域(MLD ) cytotoxicity 有免疫力的避免发炎致病

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are fully permissive for human cytomegalovirus infection

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第3期31卷 219-228页

作者： Guan-Hua Qiao Fei Zhao Shuang Cheng Min-Hua Luo State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Congenital human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection is a leading infectious cause of birth defects.Previous studies have reported birth defects with multiple organ maldevelopment in congenital HCMV-infected neonates. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are a group of stem/progenitor cells that are multi-potent and can self-renew, and they play a vital role in multiorgan formation. Whether MSCs are susceptible to HCMV infection is unclear. In this study, MSCs were isolated from Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord and identified by their plastic adherence, surface marker pattern, and differentiation capacity. Then, the MSCs were infected with the HCMV Towne strain, and infection status was assessed via determination of viral entry,replication initiation, viral protein expression, and infectious virion release using western blotting,immunofluorescence assays, and plaque forming assays. The results indicate that the isolated MSCs were fully permissive for HCMV infection and provide a preliminary basis for understanding the pathogenesis of HCMV infection in non-nervous system diseases, including multi-organ malformation during fetal development.

关键词：骨髓间充质干细胞病毒感染巨细胞病毒人类造血干/祖细胞 HCMV 器官形成免疫荧光检测

Virus like particle-based vaccines against emerging infectious disease viruses

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第4期31卷 279-287页

作者： Jinliang Liu Shiyu Dai Manli Wang Zhihong Hu Hualin Wang Fei Deng State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Emerging infectious diseases are major threats to human health.Most severe viral disease outbreaks occur in developing regions where health conditions are poor.With increased international travel and business,the possibility of eventually transmitting infectious viruses between different countries is increasing.The most effective approach in preventing viral diseases is vaccination.However,vaccines are not currently available for numerous viral diseases.Viruslike particles(VLPs) are engineered vaccine candidates that have been studied for decades.VLPs are constructed by viral protein expression in various expression systems that promote the selfassembly of proteins into structures resembling virus particles.VLPs have antigenicity similar to that of the native virus,but are non-infectious as they lack key viral genetic material.VLP vaccines have attracted considerable research interest because they offer several advantages over traditional vaccines.Studies have shown that VLP vaccines can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses,which may offer effective antiviral protection.Here we review recent developments with VLP-based vaccines for several highly virulent emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases.The infectious agents discussed include RNA viruses from different virus families,such as the Arenaviridae,Bunyaviridae,Caliciviridae,Coronaviridae,Filoviridae,Flaviviridae,Orthomyxoviridae,Paramyxoviridae,and Togaviridae families.

关键词： emerging infectious disease self-assembly vaccine virus virus-like particle(VLP)

An in vitro recombination-based reverse genetic system for rapid mutagenesis of structural genes of the Japanese encephalitis virus

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第5期30卷 354-362页

作者： Ruikun Du Manli Wang Zhihong Hu Hualin Wang Fei Deng State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) is one of the most common pathogens of severe viral encephalitis, which is a severe threat to human health. Despite instability of the JEV genome in bacteria, many strategies have been developed to establish molecular clone systems of JEV, providing convenient tools for studying the virus life cycle and virus–host interactions. In this study, we adapted an In-Fusion enzyme-based in vitro recombination method to construct a reverse genetic system of JEV, thereby providing a rapid approach to introduce mutations into the structural genes. A truncated genome without the structural genes was constructed as the backbone, and the complementary segment containing the structural genes was recombined in vitro, which was then transfected directly into virus-permissive cells. The progeny of the infectious virus was successfully detected in the supernatant of the transfected cells, and showed an identical phenotype to its parental virus. To provide a proof-of-principle, the 12 conserved cysteine residues in the envelope(E) protein of JEV were respectively mutated using this approach, and all mutations resulted in a complete failure to generate infectious virus. However, a leucine-tophenylanine mutation at amino acid 107 of the E protein did not interfere with the production of the infectious virus. These results suggested that all 12 cysteines in the E protein are essential for the JEV life cycle. In summary, a novel reverse genetic system of JEV was established for rapidly introducing mutations into structural genes, which will serve as a useful tool for functional studies.

关键词： Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) reverse genetic s

The V1 region of gp120 is preferentially selected during SIV/HIV transmission and is indispensable for envelope function and virus infection

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第3期31卷 207-218页

作者： Yanpeng Li Ulf Dittmer Yan Wang Jiping Song Binlian Sun Rongge Yang Research Group of HIV Molecular Epidemiology and virology Center for Emerging Infectious DiseasesState Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences institute for virology University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-Essen

A transmission bottleneck occurs during each human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) transmission event, which allows only a few viruses to establish new infection. However, the genetic characteristics of the transmitted viruses that are preferentially selected have not been fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed amino acids changes in the envelope protein during simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV)/HIV deep transmission history and current HIV evolution within the last 15–20 years. Our results confirmed that the V1V2 region of gp120 protein, particularly V1, was preferentially selected. A shorter V1 region was preferred during transmission history, while during epidemic, HIV may evolve to an expanded V1 region gradually and thus escape immune recognition. We then constructed different HIV-1 V1 mutants using different HIV-1 subtypes to elucidate the role of the V1 region in envelope function. We found that the V1 region, although highly variable, was indispensable for virus entry and infection, probably because V1 deletion mutants exhibited impaired processing of gp160 into mature gp120 and gp41. Additionally, the V1 region affected Env incorporation. These results indicated that the V1 region played a critical role in HIV transmission and infection.

关键词： HIV-1 病毒感染传播过程包络函数 SIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒猴免疫缺陷病毒蛋白氨基酸

Development of Multi-analyte Suspension Assay for Simultaneously Efficient Detection of Avian Influenza Virus A Subtypes

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第1期33卷 111-115页

作者： Yi Li Longquan Ni Jianjun Chen Juan Yang Fei Deng Hualin Wang State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dear Editor,Aquatic birds are thought to be the main reservoir for avian influenza viruses(AIVs)(Olsen et al.2006).Pandemic emergences caused by these viruses threaten the international poultry industry giving rise to enormous economic losses.In addition,more and more reported cases of birdto-human transmission alert us the importance of

关键词：流行性感冒病毒子类型鸟开发 AIV 金水库家禽