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Mathematical method for air electrostatic discharge circuits calculation

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High Voltage 2018年第3期3卷 226-231页

作者： Liu Xinggang Wei Ming Hu Xiaofeng institute of electrostatic and electromagnetic protection Shijiazhuang Branch of Army Engineering UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China

Here,a new analytical method,state matrix transform method,is proposed for calculating the descriptions of current waveforms generated by commercial electrostatic discharge(ESD)*** method can be used to analyse and design lumped parameter ESD circuits.A relatively simple eight elements ESD circuit model is established and used to predict the current waveform of human-metal ESD *** calibrate the ESD simulator,a mathematical expression of four exponentials curve for ESD current waveform is *** careful theoretical study of ESD current waveform calculation makes an innovative contribution to ESD generator circuit simulation and design,and it provides a new mathematical description for ESD sensitivity test.

关键词： electrostatic calculation Mathematical

含贯通导体腔体电磁耦合的混合计算模型（英文）

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高电压技术 2014年第9期40卷 2827-2832页

作者：李新峰魏光辉潘晓东李凯 institute of electrostatic and electromagnetic protection Mechanical Engineering College

For studying the coupling effect of electromagnetic irradiation to rectangular enclosure with wire penetration,a new hybrid model is proposed to determine the shielding effectiveness of the *** model based on rectangular-enclosure equivalent circuit regards the penetrating wire as a monopole antenna,and the frequency-domain results of calculation using this model match with that of computer simulation technology(CST)Microwave ***,this new model requires far less computation than traditional methods:3 s for one sample on an average personal *** on the presented model,the relationships between enclosure volume,external length of wire penetration,internal length of wire penetration,and shielding effectiveness are *** the frequency range from 100 MHz to1 000 MHz,when keeping the length of penetrating wire unchanged,the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure at its center point increases with the cavity *** is no obvious effect from the external length of penetrating wire on the shielding *** the external length of a penetrating wire is 8 cm unchanged,the shielding effectiveness of the penetrated enclosure at its center point declines with the increase of internal length of the penetrating wire.

关键词：含贯通导体电磁耦合混合计算计算模型

Experimental Research of electromagnetic Field Coupling to Irregular Metal Cavity with Square Aperture

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高电压技术 2013年第10期39卷 2415-2421页

作者： LI Xinfeng WEI Guanghui PAN Xiaodong LI Kai institute of electrostatic and electromagnetic protection Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 China

In order to study electromagnetic field coupling to irregular cuboid enclosures, tests of shielding effectiveness are performed using a hollow irregular truncated pyramid with a square aperture. The electric field distribution inside the enclosure with different sizes of the square aperture is measured within the frequency range of 5~1 000 MHz. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the stimulation results obtained by using computer simulation technology (CST) code. It is shown that the aperture size affects shielding effectiveness at low frequencies, at which shielding effectiveness decreases with the decreasing aperture size. The effect of the aperture size vanishes and shielding effectiveness improves by more than 12 dB when polyurethane absorbent fills the enclosure.

关键词：磁场耦合金属腔体实验计算机仿真技术方孔屏蔽效能屏蔽效果孔径大小

Modeling of Material Shielding Effectiveness Against electromagnetic Pulse in Time-domain

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高电压技术 2013年第10期39卷 2358-2364页

作者： WEI Ming CUI Ming CHEN Xiang institute of electrostatic & electromagnetic protection Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 China

To characterize the shielding effectiveness(SE) of materials against electromagnetic pulse(EMP) that cannot be adequately evaluated by traditional test methods,a transfer function model of SE is *** homemade broadband coaxial fixture,the SE of a metal fabric material against square-pulse and electrostatic discharge(ESD) EMP is tested in the time *** peak SE calculated from the test results matches well with that obtained *** on the system identification theory,we propose the transfer function model of SE,which takes the square pulse and human body model ESD EMP data obtained in the tests as training data and takes the machine model as verification data,as well as a second-order expression of the transfer *** the transfer function model,the waveforms of the shield-penetrated square-pulse EMP and the ESD EMP are actually *** the perspective of system identification,this accurate prediction of the shielded waveform of EMP provides a reliable way for evaluating SE of materials against EMP.

关键词：电磁脉冲屏蔽效能时域建模材料传递函数模型系统辨识理论测试方法静电放电

Use of Double Differential-mode Current Injection Method Equivalent to High Level Illumination for Susceptibility Testing

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高电压技术 2013年第10期39卷 2431-2437页

作者： LU Xinfu WEI Guanghui PAN Xiaodong institute of electrostatic and electromagnetic protection Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 China

To achieve the electric field strength and the induced currents in equivalence in susceptibility tests with the high-level field radiation above 400 MHz,a double differential-mode(DM) current injection method based on directional couplers is *** cascaded symmetrical directional couplers compose a coupling device to inject the DM *** the coupling device is used,two devices are necessary to achieve the equivalence between radiation and injection,*** equivalence between the injected voltages and the field strength,which is linear,regardless of the characteristics of the equipment under test(EUT).The results are verified by experiments using typical coaxial cables and nonlinear devices,where the equivalence between the nonlinear EUT responses induced by radiation and injection at both ends is achieved by using two coupling *** a frequency up to 1.75 GHz,the maximal experimental error is only 3.39%.The experimental results confirm the accuracy of the proposed method even both the EUTs work in the nonlinear *** proposed method is applicable for radiated susceptibility(RS) testing of interconnected systems in the microwave frequency band.

关键词：电流注入法药敏试验差模定向耦合器非线性器件照明实验误差电场强度

Investigation on Frequency Stirring in Reverberation Chamber

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高电压技术 2014年第3期40卷 951-956页

作者： CHENG Erwei WANG Qingguo LIU Yifei XU Xin institute of electrostatic and electromagnetic protection Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 China

The radio frequency (RF) modes of reverberation chamber (RC) in different frequency ranges are calculated to develop frequency-stirring techniques for RCs. An experimental system is built with a two-port vector network analyzer, of which one port is connected to a transmitting antenna located in a corner of a RC, and the other port is connected to a receiving antenna located in the working area of the RC. The parameter S21 is obtained in eight different locations of the receiving antenna for discussing the number of RF modes and the stirring bandwidth. It is found that the lowest useable frequency of a RC is determined by the RC's dimension: the larger the dimension is,the lower the lowest useable frequency is. S_(21) at the lowest useable frequency is about ?20 dB, and it is more stable than that at lower frequencies when the frequency increases. Increasing the bandwidth would result in a smoother dependence of S21 on frequency, which shows that frequency stirring is effective. In a RC with frequency stirring, the standard deviations of three individual field components and the total field are within the specified tolerance, i.e. the electric field distribution is uniform. Meanwhile, the electric field's magnitude is characterized by the Chi-distribution with two degrees of freedom or the Rayleigh distribution, and the square of the magnitude is characterized by the Chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom or the exponential distribution. Therefore, both good uniformity and good behavior of the electric field can be obtained if the RF modes in the RC are sufficient.

关键词：高电压技术高压安全高压试验避雷设施

Miniature EMP Generator Based on Marx Circuit

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高电压技术 2013年第10期39卷 2403-2408页

作者： ZHOU Xing ZHAO Min FAN Lisi WANG Qingguo YANG Qingxi institute of electrostatic and electromagnetic protection Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 China

A monopole and a dual-polar ten-stage miniature Marx generators with avalanche transistors are designed and developed for experiments of electromagnetic *** avalanche transistors,which exceed traditional gas-gap switches in stability,size and repetition rate,are used as the high-speed switches in the Marx *** influences of charging resistors,capacitances and load impedances on pulse width,repetition rate of output pulses are *** monopole Marx circuit has a size of 74 mm×32 mm,and its output voltage is1.8 kV when the charging voltage is 280 *** dual-polar Marx circuit,which is 98 mm×32 mm,can generate either positive or negative polarity pulses synchronously with an output voltage of±1.6 kV,and a repetition rate of 10 *** feasibility of the presented dual-polar Marx generator is proved by further tests.

关键词：电磁脉冲发生器微型发电机马克思电路雪崩晶体管输出电压充电电压双极性

The Immunity of Evolvable Digital Circuits to ESD Interference

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 358-366页

作者： Shanghe Liu Menghua Man Zhengquan Ju Xiaolong Chang Jie Chu Liang Yuan electrostatic and electromagnetic protection institute Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 P. R. China Computer Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 P. R. China

With the rapid development of semiconductor technology and the increasing proliferation of emission sources, digital circuits are frequently used in harsh and hostile electromagnetic environments. electrostatic Discharge （ESD） interferences are gradually gaining prominence, resulting in performance degradations, malfunctions and disturbances in component and/or system level applications. Conventional solutions to such problems are shielding, filtering and grounding. This paper proposes a novel Evolvable Digital Circuit （EDC） for intrinsic immunity. The key idea is motivated by the noise-robustness and fault-tolerance of the biological system. First, the architecture of the EDC is designed based on the cell structure. Then, ESD immunity tests are carried out on the most fragile element of the EDC in operation. Based on the results, fault models are also presented to simulate different functional disturbances. Finally, the immunity of the EDC is evaluated while it is exposed to a variety of simulated environments. The results which demonstrate a graceful immunity to ESD interference are presented.

关键词： biomimetics electrostatic interference immunity evolvable digital circuits

The Biological Property of Synthetic Evolved Digital Circuits with ESD Immunity - Redundancy or Degeneracy？

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第3期10卷 396-403,F0003页

作者： Menghua Man Shanghe Liu Xiaolong Chang Mai Lu electrostatic & electromagnetic protection institute Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China

In the ongoing evolutionary process, biological systems have displayed a fundamental and remarkable property of robustness, i.e., the property allows the system to maintain its functions despite external and internal perturbations. Redundancy and degeneracy are thought to be the underlying structural mechanisms of biological robustness. Inspired by this, we explored the proximate cause of the immunity of the synthetic evolved digital circuits to ESD interference and discussed the biological characteristics behind the evolutionary circuits. First, we proposed an evolutionary method for intrinsic immune circuit design. The circuits＇ immunity was evaluated using the functional fault models based on probability distributions. Then, several benchmark circuits, including ADDER, MAJORITY, and C17, were evolved for high intrinsic immunity. Finally, using the quantitative definitions based on information theory, we measured the topological characteristics of redundancy and degeneracy in the evolved circuits and compared their contributions to the immunity. The results show that redundant elements are neces- sary for the ESD immune circuit design, whereas degeneracy is the key to making use of the redundancy robustly and efficiently.

关键词： electromagnetic bionics electromagnetic protection electrostatic discharge synthetic evolved circuits redundancy degeneracy