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Determination of Resistance to Lodging by Stem Strength in Wheat

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第3期1卷 280-284页

作者： XIAO Shi-he, ZHANG Xiu-ying, YAN Chang-sheng, ZHANG Wen-xiang,HAI Lin and GUO Hui-jun( institute of crop breeding and cultivation , CAAS , Beijing 100081 ) institute of crop breeding and cultivation CAAS Beijing 100081

Stem strength affects directly the resistance of wheat plant to lodging. Unfortunately, the determination of the stem strength is not perfect for wheat breeding and genetics up to now. In this study a prostrate tester was engaged for testing the stem strength of 661 wheat varieties and of 1183 single plants from a F2 population. The results showed that the suitable time to determine the stem strength should be from milk stage to dough ripe stage. The stem strength at the maturity would decrease and it was not easy to distinguish the difference among the varieties. The single plant with a strong stem could be judged using the prostrate tester from the F2 population. By testing the stem strength and anatomic characters of 30 varieties, a significant negative relationship between the pith diameter of the upper internodes and the stem strength was observed. On the other hand, there was a significant positive relationship between the stem diameter of the lower internodes and stem strength. It was suggested that a wheat breeder should breed the cultivar with a strong stem, because the spike weight and biomass yield were significantly related to the stem strength.

关键词： Wheat Lodging resistance Stem strength

DEVELOPMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHINESE SPRING Ta1 kr ph1b PLANTS AND THEIR USE ON GENETIC TRANSFER OF DESIRABLE GENES FROM Aegilops

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第6期33卷 673-678页

作者：樊路韩敬花邓景扬潘淑婷沈季孟 Instisute of crop breeding and cultivation Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 PRC

Chinese Spring Tal kr phlb plants were developed by hybridizing Tal common wheat and Chinese Spring phlb mutant and backcrosses. When Chinese Spring Tal kr phlb plants were crossed with some wild species of Triticeae, much more seeds of wide hybridization can be obtained without artificial emasculation and pollination because of the existence of Tat and kr genes. The homoeologous chromosomes between common wheat and the wild species of Triticeae can also pair and exhibit cross-over in the hybrid F1 plants because of the existence of the phlb gene. So that more alien desirable genes can be transferred to common wheat rapidly. Therefore, Chinese Spring Tal kr phlb plants become a powerful tool for wide hybridization and transferring alien desirable genes to common wheat.

关键词： Chinese Spring Tal kr pblb plants alien desirable genes wide hybridization chromosome translocation "direct genetic transfer".

breeding dominant genic male sterility restorer line of Brassica napus L.

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Oil crop Science 2020年第2期5卷 90-95页

作者： Junying Zhang Jianxia Jiang Liyong Yang Meiyan Jiang Yanli Li Weirong Wang Chaocai Sun Jifeng Zhu Xirong Zhou crop breeding and cultivation Research institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina

To facilate breeding process of Brassica napus,a microspore culture and molecular marker-assisted screening combined system were proposed in this *** early flowering stage,F1 offspring of hybridized combination HY15 A×HF06 was used as donor for microspore culture to analyze effects of colchicine concentration on embryogenic and diploid rates of *** with 50 mg/L colchicine resulted in embryogenic rate of3.56 embryos/bud,which was substantially higher than control(0.78 embryos/bud).A total of 1,387 embryos and 862 single plants were obtained after induction *** detection was performed for the regenerated plants by flow *** rates of microspores treated with 50 mg/L and 70 mg/L colchicine were 17.2%and 21.0%respectively,which was significantly higher than control(10.5%).Totally 108 single plants that doubled successfully were randomly selected and screened using molecular marker *** 54 of108 plants generated a 305 bp amplification product,whereas the other 54 plants showed a 398 bp band,thereby satisfying 1:1 separation ratio(x0.052=0.0093).These coincided with field identification *** of this study indicated that homozygous breeding material could be obtained by microspore culture in a short time,thereby remarkably accelerate breeding.

关键词： Brassica napus L. Microspores Double haploid Restorer line Colchicine

DISCOVERY AND DETERMINATION OF A DOMINANT MALE-STERILE GENE AND

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Science in China,Ser.B 1982年第5期25卷 508-520页

作者：邓景扬高忠丽 institute of crop breeding and cultivation Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Agricultural Sciences of Taigu County Shanxi Province China

This paper deals with the determination of one male-sterile plant found in Chinese wheatcultivar (T. aestuvum L.). It is the first time in the world that a spontaneous mutant is dis-eovered in wheat. This dominant male-sterile gene is assigned as Ta 1. This determinationfirmly confirms the existence of the genic male-sterility and provides once again the scien-tific evidence to solve the argument of this problem. On the other hand, a breeding programof using this gene, especially in recurrent selection, is herewith proposed.

关键词： DISCOVERY AND DETERMINATION OF A DOMINANT MALE-STERILE GENE AND

Development of Chinese Near-isogenic Line of Rice and Their Differentiating Ability of Pathogenic Races of Blast Fungus

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2001年第1期 50-56页

作者： LING Zhong-zhuan T. Mew WANG Jiu-lin LEI Cai-ling HUANG Ning institute of crop breeding and cultivation Chinese Acaderny of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 International Rice Research Institute Pilippines Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Acaderny of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Acaderny of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 International Rice Research Institute Pilippines

The rice( Oryza L. ) variety, Lijiangxintuanheigu(LTH), is a universally susceptible variety. A set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice which has single resistance gene for each line was developed by use of LTH as recurrent parent and Kusabue,Tsuyuake, K1, PiNo. 4, K60 and BL1, which are from Kiyosawa's differential varieties(KDV), as donor parents. Differentiating ability of these NILs to Philippine isolates was compared with that of their donor parents, KDV and IRRI' s NILs. The results of comparative studies were as follows: (1) Differentiating ability of Chinese NILs to Philippine isolates was much stronger than that of their donor parents and that of KDV. (2) Chinese NILs had similar ability to differentiate races to IRRI's NILs or higher differentiating ability than them. But IRRI's NILs almost had no differentiating ability to isolates from japonica rice-growing regions. They can not be used to differentiate races of isolates from japonica ricegrowing regions. Whereas, Chinese NILs can be used to differentiate races of isolates from both japonica ricegrowing regions and indica rice-growing regions. It was concluded that the set of Chinese NILs can be used as international differentials.

关键词： Near-isogenic lines Pyricularia grisa Pathogenic races Differentiating ability

Study on the Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Wheat Transformation

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第1期1卷 30-35页

作者： YE Xing-guo, XU Hui-jun, DU Li-pu and XIN Zhi-yong( Key Laboratory for crop Genetics and breeding of Agricultural Ministry, institute of crop breeding and cultivation , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081) Key Laboratory for crop Genetics and breeding of Agricultural Ministry Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081

Wheat transformation efficiency is closely related to several factors such as receptor genotype, constructed plasmid and selection procedure after bombardment or co-cultivation. In our study, several kinds of antibiotics, which were normally used in plant transformation to the selection genes of nptII, bar and hpt, were tested for the optimal concentrations for wheat transformation. The results showed that 25 - 50mg/L of geneticin (G418) was suitable for the selection of nptll, kanamycin or neomycin was not suitable for use. 3 -5mg/L of phosphinothricin (PPT) or biolaphos could be used for the selection of bar, 100 - 150mg/L of hygromycin for the selection of hpt. Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 10 with high tissue culture response and good agronomic characteristics were screened from 25 potential Chinese wheat cultivars. The concentration changing of selectable agent in selection medium was helpful to obtain enough regeneration plantlets with strong root system.

关键词： Wheat Transformation Selectable marker Receptor genotype Selection procedure

Genetic Analysis on Isoflavone Content in Soybean Seeds

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第3期1卷 274-279页

作者： SUN Jun-ming, DING An-lin and CHANG Ru-zhen( institute of crop breeding and cultivation , Key Laboratory of crop Genetics and breeding, Ministry of Agriculture institute of crop Germplasm Resource, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 ) institute of crop breeding and cultivation Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture institute of crop Germplasm Resource Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081

Fifteen combinations with six soybean cultivars of different isoflavone content were formulated and planted in a randomized complete-block design model; genetic factors of isoflavone quantity were analyzed. Results indicated that genetic factors of isoflavone contents in F2 population inherited quantitatively. Isoflavone content of F1 F2 seeds normally trended. There were heterosis in F1, F2 of most combinations, and also heterobeltiosis in part of the crosses. The broad sense heritability of F2 was higher in parts of the crosses. It predicted the selection might be carried out preliminarily in F2 hybrids. There was significant positive correlation between hybrids and mid-parent.

关键词： Soybean (Glycine max) Gram Isoflavone Content Inheritance

IDENTIFICATION OF GENES FOR RICE BLAST RESISTANCE IN CHINESE DIFFERENTIAL VARIETIES WITH JAPANESE FUNGUS STRAINS

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Science China Chemistry 1984年第3期27卷 273-283页

作者：清泽茂久凌忠专 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yatabe Japan Beijing institute of crop breeding and cultivation Ibaraki 305 National institute of Agricultural Sciences

Chinese differential varieties for rice blast fungus and some other varieties weretested with Japanese and Philippine fungus isolates and strains. It was demonstrated thatDongnong 363 has two resistance genes Pi-a and Pi-k, and Hejiang 18 has Pi-a and ***43 has Pi-a and probably Pi-t or Pi-b. Gene constitution of Zhenlong 13 was notdetermined. As Chinese varieties may contain much more genes than those included in thepresent differential varieties and Te-tep seems to have a rather complex gene constitution,a set of Chinese differential varieties each with a single gene for resistance differing fromeach other should be reconstitubed.

关键词： Pi IDENTIFICATION OF GENES FOR RICE BLAST RESISTANCE IN CHINESE DIFFERENTIAL VARIETIES WITH JAPANESE FUNGUS STRAINS gene BLAST

Response of grain yield to plant density and nitrogen rate in spring maize hybrids released from 1970 to 2010 in Northeast China

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The crop Journal 2016年第6期4卷 459-467页

作者： Chunrong Qian Yang Yu Xiujie Gong Yubo Jiang Yang Zhao Zhongliang Yang Yubo Hao Liang Li Zhenwei Song Weijian Zhang institute of crop cultivation and Farming Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Northeast ChinaMinistry of Agriculture institute of crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture

The objective of this study was to identify the response of grain yield to plant density and nitrogen rate in spring maize hybrids released from 1970 to 2010 and grown extensively in Northeast ***-one hybrids were grown for 2 years in Northeast China at densities of 30,000,52,500,75,000,and 97,500 plants ha^(-1)and N application levels of 0,150,300,and 450 kg N ha^(-1).Irrespective of density or nitrogen application rate,grain yields both per plant and per unit area were significantly higher for newer than older *** plant density increased from 30,000 to 97,500 plant ha^(-1),yield per plant of 1970 s,1980 s,1990 s,and 2000 s hybrids decreased by 50%,45%,46%,and 52%,*** response of grain yield per unit area to plant density was *** estimated optimum plant densities were about 58,000,49,000,65,000,and 65,000 plants ha^(-1)for hybrids released in the 1970 s,1980s,1990 s,and 2000 s,*** theoretical optimum densities for the hybrids released from the 1970 s to the 2000 s increased by 1750 plants ha^(-1)decade^(-1).Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased grain yields per plant and per unit area for all *** theoretical optimum N application rates for high yield for hybrids released in the 1970 s and 1980 s were about 280 and 360 kg ha^(-1),and the hybrids from the 1990 s and 2000 s showed highest yield at 330 kg ha^(-1)*** significant difference in the grain yields of 2000 s hybrids between the N levels of 150 to 450 kg ha^(-1)was *** yield gains per plant and per unit area were found,with average increases of 17.9 g plant^(-1)decade^(-1)and936 kg ha^(-1)decade^(-1)over the period 1970–2010,*** gains were attributed mainly to increased yield per plant,contributed by increases in kernel number per ear and1000-kernel *** rates of lodging and barren plants of newer hybrids were significantly lower than those of older ones,especially at high plant density.

关键词： Zea mays L. Grain yield Plant density Nitrogen application rate Northeast China