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In situ generation of oxyanions-decorated cobalt(nickel)oxyhydroxide catalyst with high corrosion resistance for stable and efficient seawater oxidation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 508-516页

作者： Fengting Luo Pei Yu Jueting Xiang Junjie Jiang Shijian Chen Chongqing Key Laboratory of Interface physics in Energy Conversion College of PhysicsChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Center of Modern physics Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in LiyangLiyang 213300JiangsuChina

The development of efficient and robust anode materials for stable alkaline seawater electrolysis is severely limited by chlorine evolution reaction and chloride ***,the sulfur-doped cobalt-nickel bimetallic phosphides(CoNiPS)are specifically designed as a pre-catalyst for navigating a surface reconstruction to fabricate the anions(PO^(3-)_(4) and SO^(2-)_(4))-decorated Co(Ni)OOH catalyst(R-CoNiPS)with exceptional durability and high activity for stable alkaline seawater oxidation(ASO).Various experiment techniques together with theoretical simulations both demonstrate that the in situ-generated PO^(3-)_(4) and SO^(2-)_(4) anions on catalyst surface can improve the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,regulating and stabilizing the catalytic active species Co(Ni)OOH,as well as make a critical role in inhibiting the adsorp-tion of chloride ions and extending the service life of ***,this R-CoNiPS electrode exhi-bits superb OER activity toward AsO and stands out among the non-precious ASO electrocatalysts reported recently,requiring low overpotentials of 420 and 440 mV to attain large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm^(-2) in an alkaline natural seawater electrolyte,***,the catalyst displays a negligible chloride corrosion at room temperature during ASO operation(>200 h)at 500 mA cm^(-2).This work opens up a new viewpoint for designing high-activity and durable electrocata-lystsforseawaterelectrolysis.

关键词： Seawater electrolysis Anions Oxygen evolution reaction Chloride corrosion

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Laboratory observation of electron energy distribution near three-dimensional magnetic nulls

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第3期26卷 46-52页

作者：何任川徐田超杨肖易肖池阶张祖煜袁瑞鑫王晓钢郭志彬余修铭盖跃 State Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People's Republic of China Department of physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China

The acceleration of electrons near three-dimensional(3D)magnetic nulls is crucial to the energy conversion mechanism in the 3D magnetic reconnection *** explore electron acceleration in a 3D magnetic null topology,we constructed a pair of 3D magnetic nulls in the PKU Plasma Test(PPT)device and observed acceleration of electrons near magnetic *** study measured the plasma floating potential and ion density profiles around the 3D magnetic *** potential wells near nulls may be related to the energy variations of electrons,so we measured the electron distribution functions(EDFs)at different spatial *** axial variation of EDF shows that the electrons deviate from the Maxwell distribution near magnetic *** scanning probes that can directionally measure and theoretically analyze based on curve fitting,the variations of EDFs are linked to the changes of plasma potential under 3D magnetic null *** kinetic energy of electrons accelerated by the electric field is 6 eV(v_(e)~7v_(Alfvén-e))and the scale of the region where accelerating electrons exist is in the order of serval electron skin depths.

关键词： electron acceleration EEDF 3D magnetic null magnetic reconnection

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Cholesterol-induced deformation of the gramicidin A channel inhibiting potassium ion binding and transport

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Chinese physics B 2024年第5期33卷 696-702页

作者：肖盼曹宇朱瑾梁清 Center for Statistical and Theoretical Condensed Matter physics & Department of physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Zhejiang institute of Photoelectronics & Zhejiang institute for Advanced Light Source Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

Gramicidin A(gA)is a kind of antibiotic peptide produced by bacillus brevis and it can dimerize across lipid bilayers to form a monovalent cation *** this work,we investigate the impact of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer on the binding of potassium ions with the gA channel and the transport of the ions across the *** results indicate that cholesterol can significantly influence the conformational stability of the gA channel and cause the channel deformation which inhibits the potassium ion binding with the channel and transport across the *** work provides some molecular insights into understanding of influence of lipids on the activity of gA channel in both model membranes and plasma membranes of intact cells.

关键词： gramicidin A lipid bilayer molecular dynamics interaction

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Measurement of 2p-3d absorption in a hot molybdenum plasma

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 68-79页

作者： Gang Xiong Bo Qing Zhiyu Zhang Longfei Jing Yang Zhao Minxi Wei Yimeng Yang Lifei Hou Chengwu Huang Tuo Zhu Tianming Song Min Lv Yan Zhao Yuxue Zhang Guohong Yang Zeqing Wu Jun Yan Yaming Zou Jiyan Zhang Jiamin Yang Shanghai EBIT Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application(MOE)Institute of ModernPhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China institute of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China

We present measurements of the 2p-3d transition opacity of a hot molybdenum-scandium sample with nearly half-vacant molybdenum M-shell configurations.A plastic-tamped molybdenum-scandium foil sample is radiatively heated to high temperature in a compact D-shaped gold Hohlraum driven by∼30 kJ laser energy at the SG-100 kJ laser facility.X rays transmitted through the molybdenum and scandium plasmas are diffracted by crystals and finally recorded by image *** electron temperatures in the sample in particular spatial and temporal zones are determined by the K-shell absorption of the scandium plasma.A combination of the IRAD3D view factor code and the MULTI hydrodynamic code is used to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the sample temperature and *** inferred temperature in the molybdenum plasma reaches a average of 138±11 eV.A detailed configuration-accounting calculation of the n=2–3 transition absorption of the molybdenum plasma is compared with experimental measurements and quite good agreement is *** present measurements provide an opportunity to test opacity models for complicated M-shell configurations.

关键词： molybdenum absorption configuration

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Design and fabrication of Nd-Fe-B magnet with excellent thermal stability

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 980-986,I0006页

作者： Rui Han Shengzhi Dong Dong Li Dongmin Zhang Hongsheng Chen Jiyuan Xu George CHadjipanayis Zhuolin Li Ying Zhang Wei Li Division of Functional Materials Research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing100081China Department of physics and Astronomy Sharp Lab University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

A novel Nd-Fe-B type permanent magnet with excellent thermal stability was designed by Co replacing Fe in the main phase and the grain boundary *** remanence and coercivity temperature coefficient reach 0.058%/℃and 0.465%/℃in the te mperature range from 25 to 100℃,which are much lower than those of commercial Nd-Fe-B *** enhanced Curie temperature is obtained for the novel magnet due to the Co substitution,which significantly improves the operating *** microstructure result reveals that an amorphous phase exists in the intergranular grains which is probably responsible for the deterioration of intrinsic *** work can provide a reference for the design and optimization of components of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets with excellent thermal stability.

关键词： Thermal stability Remanence temperature coefficient Operating temperature Atomic substitution Rare earths

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Pulsed THz radiation under ultrafast optical discharge of vacuum photodiode

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 99-112页

作者： Aleksandr Ushakov Kseniia Mamaeva Leonid Seleznev Georgy Rizaev Vladimir Bukin Timophey Dolmatov Pavel Chizhov Vladimir Bagdasarov Sergey Garnov Prokhorov General physics institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991Russia Physical institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia Moscow institute of physics and Technology Dolgoprudny 141700Russia Russian institute for Scientific and Technical Information Moscow 125190Russia

In this paper,we first present an experimental demonstration of terahertz radiation pulse generation with energy up to 5 pJ under the electron emission during ultrafast optical discharge of a vacuum *** use a femtosecond optical excitation of metallic copper photocathode for the generation of ultrashort electron bunch and up to 45 kV/cm external electric field for the photo-emitted electron *** of terahertz pulses energy as a function of emitted charge density,incidence angle of optical radiation and applied electric field have been *** and polarization characteristics of generated terahertz pulses have also been *** proposed semi-analytical model and simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics prove the experimental data and allow for the optimization of experimental conditions aimed at flexible control of radiation parameters.

关键词： Electron emission Vacuum photodiode Ultrafast excitation Terahertz

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Light People:Professor Laura Na Liu

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 184-189页

作者： Hui Wang Cun Yu Changchun institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences130033ChangchunChina

Editorial The DNA nanotechnology outlines a new chapter in biological sciences,opening a new era of scientific and technological advancements.A pioneer of DNA nanotechnology,Professor Liu from the University of Stuttgart in Germany,our latest Light People,has been working at the interface,where nanophotonics meets biology and *** the path of scientific explorations.

关键词： chemistry. advancement pioneer

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Structure and 2p decay mechanism of^(18)Mg

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 145-154页

作者： Long Zhou De-Qing Fang Si-Min Wang Hui Hua Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The recently discovered,extremely proton-rich nuclide 18 Mg exhibits ground-state decay via two sequential two-proton(2p)emissions through the intermediate nucleus,*** study investigates the structure and the initial 2p decay mechanism of^(18)Mgby examining the density and correlations of the valence protons using a three-body Gamow coupled-channel *** results show that the ground state of^(18)Mgis significantly influenced by the continuum,resulting in a significant s-wave ***,based on the current framework,this does not lead to a significant deviation in mirror symmetry in either the structure or spectroscopy of the 18Mg-18C ***,the time evolution analysis of the^(18)Mgground state suggests a simultaneous 2p emission during the first step of *** observed nucleon-nucleon correlations align with those of the light-mass 2p emitters,indicating a consistent decay behavior within this nuclear region.

关键词： Structure of^(18)Mg Two-proton decay Proton-proton correlation

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Driver at 10 MJ and 1 shot/30 min for inertial confinement fusion at high gain:Efficient,compact,low-cost,low laser-plasma instabilities,beam color selectable from 2ω/3ω/4ω,applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 4-7页

作者：隋展蓝可 Shanghai institute of Laser Plasma China Academy of Engineering PhysicsShanghai 201800China instituteof Applied physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China

The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy,configuration,and technical approach of the ***,we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ,2-3 PW at 3ω(or 2ω,in which case the energy and power can be higher),and one shot per 30 min,with the aim of achieving G>*** is also efficient,compact,and low in cost,and it has low susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities.

关键词： applicable compact instabilities

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Electromagnetic fields in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 103-109页

作者： Jie Zhao Jin-Hui Chen Xu-Guang Huang Yu-Gang Ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China physics Department and Center for Particle physics and Field Theory Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions(UPCs)offer unique opportunities to study processes under strong electromagnetic *** these collisions,highly charged fast-moving ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that can be effectively treated as photon *** exchange of photons can induce photonuclear and two-photon interactions and excite *** excitation of the ions results in Coulomb dissociation with the emission of photons,neutrons,and other ***,the electromagnetic fields generated by the ions can be sufficiently strong to enforce mutual interactions between the two colliding ***,the two colliding ions experience an electromagnetic force that pushes them in opposite directions,causing a back-to-back correlation in the emitted *** a Monte Carlo simulation,we qualitatively demonstrate that the above electromagnetic effect is large enough to be observed in UPCs,which would provide a clear means to study strong electromagnetic fields and their effects.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields Neutrons Ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions(UPC)

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