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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas Department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Department of Preventive and social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an implant.Methods:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.Patients with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for surgery.Patients were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization technique.The control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W test.An independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age data.Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,respectively.Results:There were 88 patients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

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Isotopic insights on quantitative assessments of interaction of eco-hydrological processes in multi-scale karst watersheds

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 156-170页

作者： Zhuo Hao Yang Gao Qingwen Zhang Wen Wen Agricultural Clean Watershed research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China School of Humanities and social Sciences Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

The dynamics of hydrological processes and the storage mechanisms of karst water resources are the most important issues in karst hydrology.The impact of environmental changes on water quantity,and the evaluation and quantification of eco-hydrological processes remain poorly addressed.In this study,high-frequency continuous monitoring in multi-scale karst watersheds in Southwest China combined the approaches of water isotopes and the hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory(HYSPLIT)model to identify the recharge mechanisms between atmospheric vapor,rainfall,surface water,and groundwater,and to reveal the interaction of eco-hydrological processes.The dominant moisture sources in Puding(PD)County were the Indian Ocean(43-69%)and local moisture(24-33%).Theδ^(18)O and deuterium excess(d-excess)values showed a positive correlation indicating that secondary or sub-cloud evaporation was prominent in the wet seasons.Karst water line-conditioned excess(lc-excess)indicated that karst water interacted with recent precipitation,groundwater,and evaporation across seasons.Owing to its specific hydrogeological structure,surface water and rainwater have a higher contribution rate to groundwater replenishment.The Chenqi stream replenished the Houzhai River mainly in the form of groundwater,with percentages ranging from 38.1 to 93.5%in the wet season,and 47.8-80.1%in the dry season.In the Houzhai outlet,surface water and groundwater interconverted frequently with a percentage of 45.6-49.1%.We believe this is the first systematic study to quantify the supply relationship between water vapor transport,rainfall,surface water and groundwater in the Chinese karst zone,making a significant move forward in the field of karst hydrological processes and improving the efficiency of water resource evaluation and management.

关键词： Stable isotope Moisture sources Water cycle Karst watersheds

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Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 268-308页

作者： Yiding Li Li Wang Youzhi Song Wenwei Wang Cheng Lin Xiangming He institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China National Engineering research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Automotive research institute of BIT(Shenzhen research institute of National Engineering research Center of Electric Vehicles) Shenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.

关键词： Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic

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Factors Impacting Participatory Post‑Disaster Relocation and Housing Reconstruction:The Case of Tsholotsho District,Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 58-72页

作者： Nombulelo Kitsepile Ngulube Hirokazu Tatano Subhajyoti Samaddar Department of social Informatics Graduate School of InformaticsKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8507Japan Disaster Prevention research institute(DPRI) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

Relocation is not typically considered the best planning option for post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation,but it may be necessary if the site has suffered severe damage or is at imminent risk.There is a growing recognition that strong community participation is necessary in the post-disaster relocation decision-making process since relocation can have detrimental effects on a community’s livelihood,cultural system,and way of life,among others.However,the realization of this still needs to be improved.As of yet,few studies have examined a comprehensive account of meaningful community engagement in post-disaster relocation and reconstruction,particularly in developing countries.This study investigated what factors influenced local communities’ participation in post-disaster relocation and reconstruction works after the 2017Cyclone Dineo flood disaster in the Tsholotsho District of Zimbabwe.Qualitative research methods such as face-to-face interviews,observations,and focus groups were used to collect qualitative data from a purposive sample of 25 community members and 6 stakeholders.This empirical investigation showed that despite the fact that the relocation project was conceived as a community-centered project,there was no meaningful community engagement,due to the absence of a participatory framework or planning guidelines for stakeholder engagement,as well as the lack of political willingness among government officials.The study concluded that the lack of community involvement led to local communities abandoning the reconstruction sites because relocation projects failed to accommodate the cultural beliefs,place attachments,and livelihood concerns of local communities.This study suggested that it is imperative to enhance the awareness of government officials and other stakeholders about the importance of community participation for the effective implementation of post-disaster relocation works.Meaningful community participation can also provide avenues for incorporating local needs and concerns,cultura

关键词： Community rehabilitation Housing reconstruction-Participatory relocation Zimbabwe

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Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： Mohamed S.Selim Ahmed M.Azzam Mohamed A.Shenashen Shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.Mostafa Sherif A.El-Safty National institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of Environmental research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial sector.Here,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial membranes.To demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been characterized.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and SWCNTs.Based on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>SWCNTs.Because of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms.RGO had the lowest MIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against B.subtilis,S.aureus,and E.coli,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both A.fumigatus and C.albicans).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely suppressed.Cell lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO nanoblades.Our work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades Mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

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Text Difficulty Study:Do Machines Behave the Same as Humans Regarding Text Difficulty?

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Machine Intelligence research 2024年第2期21卷 283-293页

作者： Bowen Chen Xiao Ding Yi Zhao Bo Fu Tingmao Lin Bing Qin Ting Liu research Center for social Computing and Information Retrieval Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Fundamental Technology Center China Construction Bank Financial Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100033China

With the emergence of pre-trained models,current neural networks are able to give task performance that is comparable to humans.However,we know little about the fundamental working mechanism of pre-trained models in which we do not know how they approach such performance and how the task is solved by the model.For example,given a task,human learns from easy to hard,whereas the model learns randomly.Undeniably,difficulty-insensitive learning leads to great success in natural language processing(NLP),but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in NLP.We propose a human learning matching index(HLM Index)to investigate the effect of text difficulty.Experiment results show:1)LSTM gives more human-like learning behavior than BERT.Additionally,UID-SuperLinear gives the best evaluation of text difficulty among four text difficulty criteria.Among nine tasks,some tasks’performance is related to text difficulty,whereas others are not.2)Model trained on easy data performs best in both easy and medium test data,whereas trained on hard data only performs well on hard test data.3)Train the model from easy to hard,leading to quicker convergence.

关键词： Cognition inspired natural language processing psycholinguistics explainability text difficulty curriculum learning

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in humans.Biodiversity is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect pathways.For example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission processes.In this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high abundance.We compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and 2013.Structural equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank voles.The abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the host.These results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific competition.Anthropogenic pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus spp.in a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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Roles of neuronal lysosomes in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第9期19卷 1981-1983页

作者： Mattia Volta institute for Biomedicine Eurac ResearchBolzanoItaly

Therapeutic progress in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease has been hampered by a lack of detailed knowledge of its molecular etiology.The advancements in genetics and genomics have provided fundamental insights into specific protein players and the cellular processes involved in the onset of disease.In this respect,the autophagy-lysosome system has emerged in recent years as a strong point of convergence for genetics,genomics,and pathologic indications,spanning both familial and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.Most,if not all,genes linked to familial disease are involved,in a regulatory capacity,in lysosome function(e.g.,LRRK2,alpha-synuclein,VPS35,Parkin,and PINK1).Moreover,the majority of genomic loci associated with increased risk of idiopathic Parkinson’s cluster in lysosome biology and regulation(GBA as the prime example).Lastly,neuropathologic evidence showed alterations in lysosome markers in autoptic material that,coupled to the alpha-synuclein proteinopathy that defines the disease,strongly indicate an alteration in functionality.In this Brief Review article,I present a personal perspective on the molecular and cellular involvement of lysosome biology in Parkinson’s pathogenesis,aiming at a larger vision on the events underlying the onset of the disease.The attempts at targeting autophagy for therapeutic purposes in Parkinson’s have been mostly aimed at“indiscriminately”enhancing its activity to promote the degradation and elimination of aggregate protein accumulations,such as alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies.However,this approach is based on the assumption that protein pathology is the root cause of disease,while pre-pathology and pre-degeneration dysfunctions have been largely observed in clinical and pre-clinical settings.In addition,it has been reported that unspecific boosting of autophagy can be detrimental.Thus,it is important to understand the mechanisms of specific autophagy forms and,even more,the adjustment of specific lysosome functionalities.Indeed,lysosomes exert fine signa

关键词： alpha-synuclein autophagy LRRK2 lysosome neuroprotection neurotransmission Parkinson’s disease Rit2 synapse

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A high-performance lithium anode based on N-doped composite graphene

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1030-1036页

作者： Can Jiao Hao-Bo Sun Li Zhang Shang-Qian Zhao Guo-Yao Pang Chun-Rong Zhao Shi-Gang Lu General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China China Automotive Battery research institute Co.Ltd Beijing101407China

Lithium(Li)metal is the most promising electrode for next-gene ration rechargeable batteries.In order to push the commercialization of the lithium metal batteries,a kind of nitrogen(N)-doped composite graphene(NCG)adopted as the Li plating host was prepared to regulate Li metal nucleation and suppress dendrite growth.Furthermore,a new kind of sandwich-type composite lithium metal(STCL)electrode was developed to improve its application.The STCL electrode can be used as convenient as a piece of Li foil but no dendrite growth.In a symmetric battery,the STCL electrode cycled for more than 4500 h with the overpotential of less than 40 mV.And due to the creative design,the STCL promises the Li-S battery with a prolonged cycling lifespan.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Lithiophilic N-doped composite graphene Sandwich-type composite lithium metal electrode

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Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors:The iBoneFIT project

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 419-427页

作者： Andres Marmol-Perez Jose J.Gil-Cosano Esther Ubago-Guisado Francisco J.Llorente-Cantarero Juan Francisco Pascual-Gázquez Kirsten K.Ness Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino Jonatan R.Ruiz Luis Gracia-Marco Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Communication and Education Loyola University AndalusiaSeville 41704Spain Biosanitary research institute ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Maimonides Biomedical research institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Cordoba 14004Spain CIBEROBN Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionCarlos III Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain Department of Specific Didactics Faculty of EducationUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Pediatric and adolescent hematology and oncology service Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Clinical Management UnitVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Health and social research Center Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaCuenca 13001Spain

Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added ben

关键词： Bone health Childhood cancer DXA Lean mass Resistance training

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