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Chronic hepatitis delta: A state-of-the-art review and new therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4580-4597页

作者： Christy Gilman Theo Heller Christopher Koh liver diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health

Chronic delta hepatitis is the most severe form of viral hepatitis affecting nearly 65 million people *** with this devastating illness are at higher risk for developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** virus is a defective RNA virus that requires hepatitis B surface antigen for propagation in *** can occur in the form of a co-infection with hepatitis B,which can be self-limiting,vs superinfection in a patient with established hepatitis B infection,which often leads to chronicity in majority of *** noninvasive tools to assess for advanced liver disease have limited utility in delta *** recommend treatment with pegylated interferon,but this is limited to patients with compensated disease and is efficacious in about 30%of those *** to limited treatment options,novel agents are being investigated and include entry,assembly and export inhibitors of viral particles in addition to stimulators of the host immune *** clinical trials should take into consideration the interaction of hepatitis B and hepatitis D as suppression of one virus can lead to the activation of the ***,surrogate markers of treatment efficacy have been proposed.

关键词： Hepatitis delta Epidemiology Treatment

Management issues in post living donor liver transplant biliary strictures

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第10期8卷 461-470页

作者： Manav Wadhawan Ajay Kumar Fortis Escorts liver and digestive diseases institute

Biliary complications are common after living donor liver transplant(LDLT) although with advancements in surgical understanding and techniques, the incidence is decreasing. Biliary strictures are more common than leaks. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is the first line modality of treatment of post LDLT biliary strictures with a technical success rate of 75%-80%. Most of ERCP failures are successfully treated by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) and rendezvous technique. A minority of patients may require surgical correction. ERCP for these strictures is technically more challenging than routine as well post deceased donor strictures. Biliary strictures may increase the morbidity of a liver transplant recipient, but the mortality is similar to those with or without strictures. Post transplant strictures are short segment and soft, requiring only a few session of ERCP before complete dilatation. Long-term outcome of patients with biliary stricture is similar to those without stricture. With the introduction of new generation cholangioscopes, ERCP success rate may increase, obviating the need for PTBD and surgery in these patients.

关键词： Living donor liver transplant Biliary complications Biliary strictures Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

Hepatitis D infection:from initial discovery to current investigational therapies

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第4期7卷 231-245,I0001页

作者： Ben L.Da Theo Heller Christopher Koh digestive diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes&Digestive&Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA liver diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes&Digestive&Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Hepatitis D is the most severe form of viral hepatitis associated with a more rapid progression to cirrhosis and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality compared with hepatitis B *** once thought of as a disappearing disease,hepatitis D is now becoming recognized as a serious worldwide issue due to improvement in diagnostic testing and immigration from endemic *** these concerns,there is currently only one accepted medical therapy(pegylated-interferon-a)for the treatment of hepatitis D with less than desirable efficacy and significant side *** to these reasons,many patients never undergo ***,increasing knowledge about the virus and its life cycle has led to the clinical development of multiple promising new therapies that hope to alter the natural history of this disease and improve patient *** this article,we will review the literature from discovery to the current investigational therapies.

关键词： Hepatitis D hepatitis B epidemiology natural history outcome treatment novel therapies

Significance of gut microbiota in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6161-6179页

作者： Satya Priya Sharma Ki Tae Suk Dong Joon Kim institute for liver and digestive diseases Hallym University College of MedicineChuncheon 24252South Korea

liver-gut communication is vital in fatty liver diseases,and gut microbes are the key regulators in maintaining liver *** alcohol abuse and persistent overnutrition create dysbiosis in gut ecology,which can contribute to fatty liver *** this review,we discuss the gut microbial compositional changes that occur in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and how this gut microbial dysbiosis and its metabolic products are involved in fatty liver disease *** also summarize the new approaches related to gut microbes that might help in the diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver disease.

关键词： Fatty liver disease Alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Gut microbiome Dysbiosis

Dietary-suppression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme expression in intact male transgenic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8671-8677页

作者： Maria Notarnicola Maria Gabriella Caruso Angela Tafaro Valeria Tutino Giusy Bianco Mario Minoia Antonio Francavilla Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry National Institute for Digestive Diseases Animal Facility National Institute for Digestive Diseases Scientific Direction National Institute for Digestive Diseases

AIM:To study,in intact male transgenic mice,the effects of three diets based on olive oil and olive oil diet supplemented with lovastatin and orlistat on hepatic lipogenic enzymes expression,considered markers of cell ***:Forty ApcMin/+mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed for 10 wk:olive oil(OO)group,n=10 animals received a diet with olive oil 12%;olive oil plus lovastatin(LOVA)group,n=10 animals received the same diet with olive oil supplemented with lovastatin 5 mg/kg;olive oil plus orlistat(OR)group,n=10 animals fed the diet with olive oil supplemented with orlistat 50 mg/kg and SD group,n=10 animals fed a standard *** activity of lipogenic enzymes and their gene expression were evaluated by radiomet-ric and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay,***:After 10 wk of dietary treatment,the body weight was no different among animal groups(21.3±3.1 g for standard group,22.1±3.6 g for OO group,22.0±3.2 g for LOVA group and 20.7±3.4 g for OR group,data expressed as mean±SD),observing a generalized well-being in all *** the dietary managed treated groups presented significantly reduced hepatic levels of fatty acid synthase,farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase activity and gene expression when compared with the mice fed the standard *** evaluate cell proliferation in the liver of treated mice,the levels of cyclin E mRNA have been measured,demonstrating a significant reduction of cyclin E gene expression in all treated *** of reduced hepatic cell proliferation was present overall in OO group ***:We confirm the role of lipogenic enzymes as markers of cell proliferation,suggesting that appropriate dietary management alone or with drugs can be a feasible approach to counteract hepatic cell proliferation in mice.

关键词： Lipogenic enzymes liver Markers of cell proliferation Transgenic mice Dietary treatment

Key Milestones in HCV Discovery and Therapeutics

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The Innovation 2020年第3期1卷 54-55页

作者： Xiaoming Cheng Marc G.Ghany liver diseases Branch National Institute of DiabetesDigestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientists,each of whom played an integral role in the identification of the hepatitis C virus(HCV)and the characterization of the disease it causes,chronic hepatitis C(CHC).Initially *** Alter,a hematologist at the Clinical Center of the National institutes of Health in Bethesda,Maryland recognized that there were many cases of post-transfusion hepatitis,unrelated to hepatitis A virus(HAV)or hepatitis B virus(HBV),termed non-A,non-B *** Houghton,a microbiologist working at a small biotechnology company,Chiron in Emeryville,California,identified HCV as the causative agent of non-A,non-B *** discovery of the HCV,*** Rice,at Rockefeller University,New Yorkworked on constructing a replication competent clone of the virus thatwas later used to demonstrate that theHCV alone was indeed the cause of CHC.

关键词： Miles Maryland transfusion

Microbial influence on liver regeneration: understanding gut microbiota and hepatic recovery post partial hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第2期13卷 314-316页

作者： Satya Priya Sharma Ki Tae Suk institute for liver and digestive diseases College of MedicineHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea

The liver is a unique solid organ with a regenerative capacity that is an important factor in the outcome of partial hepatectomy(PHx)performed to treat life-threating liver diseases(1-3).Multiple intrahepatic and extrahepatic signaling pathways synergistically regulate liver regeneration to restore typical liver functionality and thereby promote maximal life expectancy(2,4).Among the extrahepatic factors,gut metabolites are pivotal signaling molecules that affect the regulation of liver regeneration(5,6).Interestingly,dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to disease or treatment strategies can influence liver regeneration negatively and delay recovery(7-9).In this empirical study,Yin et al.

关键词： liver regeneration dysbiosis metabolites short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) lipid biosynthesis

Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第32期19卷 5381-5384页

作者： Cristian Cerda Miguel Bruguera Albert Parés liver Unit Institute of Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesHospital Clínic Department of Medicine University of Barcelona

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are molecules involved in the formation of articular cartilage and are frequently used for symptom relief in patients with *** molecules are well tolerated with scarce secondary *** few cases of possible hepatotoxicity due to these substances have been *** aim of this paper is to report the frequency of presumed glucosamine hepatotoxicity in patients with liver disease.A questionnaire was given to 151 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease of different etiology(mean age 59 years,56.9%women)attended in an outpatient clinic with the aim of evaluating the frequency of consumption of these drugs and determine whether their use coincided with a worsening in liver function test ***-three patients(15.2%)recognized having taken products containing glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate previously or at the time of the *** of the clinical records and liver function tests identified 2 patients presenting an elevation in aminotransferase values temporarily associated with glucosamine treatment;one of the cases simultaneously presented a skin rash attributed to the *** of these two patients and the cases described in the literature suggest toxicity of glucosamine and chondroitin *** clinical spectrum is variable,and the mechanism of toxicity is not clear but may involve reactions of *** consumption of products containing glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate is frequent among patients with chronic liver diseases and should be taken into account on the appearance of alterations in liver function tests not explained by the underlying disease.

关键词： Toxic hepatitis Hepatotoxicity Glucosamine Chondroitin sulphate Osteoarthritis

Impact of Proteinuria on liver Enzyme Levels

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第9期12卷 759-760页

作者： David Yardeni Asif Hitawala Lilian Howard Theo Heller Meryl Waldman Department of Gastroenterology and liver diseases Soroka University Medical CenterBeer-ShevaIsrael liver diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Kidney diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Dear Editors,We read with great interest the recently published article“Subnormal Serum liver Enzyme Levels:A Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical Significance”by Youssef and colleagues.1 While much attention is given to elevations of liver enzymes,the authors highlight clinically important,often unrecognized reasons leading to low liver enzyme *** example,chronic kidney disease was cited as a cause of low serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)proportional to the progression of the disease,but the cause(s)are not well *** is known about the possible influence of nephrotic syndrome(NS)on liver enzymes.

关键词： Impact liver Levels