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Metals content in sediments of ephemeral streams with small reservoirs(the Negev Desert)

International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第3期35卷 269-277页

作者： Ma?gorzata Kijowska-Struga?a ?ukasz Wiejaczka Rafa? Koz?owski Judith Lekach Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationResearch Station in Szymbark Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationDepartment Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationDepartment of Geoenvironmental Research The Jan Kochanowski University Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences Bar-Ilan University Department of Geography and Environment

The content of 19 metals(chromium,cobalt,nickel,strontium,arsenic,magnesium,barium,cesium,gallium,rubidium,uranium,vanadium,zinc,lead,copper,cadmium,iron,manganese,and aluminum) in sediment in three ephemeral streams(Nahal Sansana,Nahal Revivim and Nahal Pura) with reservoirs in the Negev Desert is studied *** study was done in September *** samples were collected from the surface layer of sediment(up to 10 cm) in the reservoirs and in the channels upstream and downstream of the ***,which on average,accounted for 72% dominated in the *** the spatial distribution of the particle size,sand and gravel fractions were deposited in the ***,iron,and magnesium accounted for 99% of all analyzed *** Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA) showed that sediment in the Negev Desert channel upstream of the reservoirs had similar concentrations of *** were also found between the analyzed *** bottom sediment in reservoirs had higher concentrations of metals than sediment upstream and downstream of the *** comparison of concentrations in upstream and downstream locations did not show any unambiguous trends because metal concentrations downstream from the reservoirs were not always lower than upstream of the *** analysis of the sediment enrichment factor(EF) showed the highest value in the reservoirs and the lowest downstream of the *** concentrations of most analyzed metals did not indicate the possibility of potential ecological risk(SQG).

关键词： Metal content Sediment Reservoir Arid zone Israel

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Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第6期28卷 998-1008页

作者： GAO Chao RUAN Tian Department of geography & spatial information Techniques Ningbo University College of Territorial Resources and Tourism Anhui Normal University

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.

关键词： coastal flood scientific outputs bibliometric analysis research trends Web of Science

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Distribution, Morphology, and Chemical Composition of Fe-Mn Nodules in Albeluvisols of the Carpathian Foothills, Poland

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 445-454页

作者： W.SZYMANSKI M.SKIBA Department of Pedology and Soil geography Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian University Department of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry Institute of Geological Sciences Jagiellonian University

Iron and manganese oxides are common components of soils. They frequently occur in nodules constituting important soil sorbents and play a crucial role in a number of chemical reactions in the soil environment. In addition, the oxides are very sensitive to environmental changes (moisture, pH, Eh) constituting important indicators of soil-forming processes and water movement in the landscape. The objectives of the study were: i) to examine the distribution and size of Fe-Mn nodules in Albeluvisols containing a fragipan horizon; ii) to determine the morphology and chemical composition of the nodules, and iii) to estimate the effect of the fragipan horizon on water movement within the soil profile. An investigation was carried out on five soil profiles containing a fragipan horizon and classified as Fragic Albeluvisols within the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. In the Albeluvisols studied, the maximum concentration of Fe-Mn nodules occurred in the horizon lying directly on the fragipan horizon. This suggests that the pan acts as a natural barrier restricting water infiltration and leads to the seasonal development of a perched water table promoting redox processes. The most common are coarse (1-0.5 mm) and medium (0.5-0.25 mm) irregular Fe-Mn nodules showing a gradual boundary and undifferentiated internal fabric. Eluvial horizons contained also larger amounts of round and dense nodules with a sharp boundary, suggesting frequent oxidation and reduction. The fragipan horizon contained mainly irregular and soft nodules, suggesting longer saturation with water during the year. Concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Zn) and P were higher within Fe-Mn nodules than in the surrounding soil materials, showing that iron and manganese oxides adsorbed and immobilised these elements.

关键词： fragipan horizon iron oxides manganese oxides perched water table redox processes

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Integration of InSAR and GPS for hydraulic engineering

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2007年第z1期50卷 111-124页

作者： HE XiuFeng LUO HaiBin HUANG QiHuan HE Min institute of Satellite Navigation & spatial information System Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Satellite Navigation & Spatial Information SystemHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Satellite Navigation & Spatial Information SystemHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Satellite Navigation & Spatial Information SystemHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a potential earth observation approach, and it has been demonstrated to have a variety of applications in measuring ground movement, urban subsidence and landslides. Currently InSAR provides the ability to map accurate DEM and measure ground deformation to sub-centimeter accuracy. However, many factors affect InSAR to measure ground movement since dam constructions are built in a large scale area with a complicated climate and unstable geology. This paper discusses potential applications of integrated InSAR and GPS to monitor a large-scale ground movement due to hydropower developments. The integration of InSAR and GPS can provide a cost-effective means for monitoring deformation of hydropower developments. Moreover, two novel methods, both the improved spatial interpolating method and estimation of 3D surface motion velocities method, are proposed and the experimental results and analysis are given in this paper.

关键词： InSAR GPS hydraulic and hydropower engineering slides monitoring

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Changes in Lake Ice Cover on the Morskie Oko Lake in Poland(1971-2007)

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第2期1卷 71-75页

作者： Adam Choiński Leszek Kolendowicz Joanna Pociask-Karteczka Leszek Sobkowiak institute of Physical geography and Environmental Planning institute of geography and spatial Management

On the basis of data from the period 1971-2007, and by applying trend analysis, a study on formation, disappearance and duration of lake ice cover on the Morskie Oko Lake in the Tatra Mountains in southern Poland was carried out. The results show decreasing trends in the maximum thickness of winter lake ice cover and in duration of lake ice phenomena, while air temperature recorded at the same period at the foot of the Tatra Mountains shows increasing trend. There are strong relationships between the course of lake ice phenomena and air temperature.

关键词： lake ice cover thickness duration of lake ice phenomena air temperature

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Local PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) emission inventories from agricultural tillage and harvest in northeastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 15-23页

作者： Weiwei Chen Daniel Q Tong Shichun Zhang Xuelei Zhang Hongmei Zhao Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sciences Cooperative institute for Climate & Satellites University of Maryland Center for spatial information Science and Systems George Mason University

Mineral particles or particulate matters（PMs） emitted during agricultural activities are major recurring sources of atmospheric aerosol ***,precise PM inventory from agricultural tillage and harvest in agricultural regions is challenged by infrequent local emission factor（EF） *** understand PM emissions from these practices in northeastern China,we measured EFs of PM_（10） and PM_（2.5） from three field operations（i.e.,tilling,planting and harvesting） in major crop production（i.e.,corn and soybean）,using portable real-time PM analyzers and weather station ***-level PM_（10） and PM_（2.5） emissions from agricultural tillage and harvest were estimated,based on local EFs,crop areas and crop *** EFs averaged（107 ± 27）,（17 ± 5） and 26 mg/m^2 for field tilling,planting and harvesting under relatively dry conditions（i.e.,soil moisture 〈15%）,*** EFs of PM from field tillage and planting operations were negatively affected by topsoil *** magnitude of PM_（10） and PM_（2.5） emissions from these three activities were estimated to be 35.1 and 9.8 kilotons/yr in northeastern China,respectively,of which Heilongjiang Province accounted for approximately45%.Spatiotemporal distribution showed that most PM_（10） emission occurred in April,May and October and were concentrated in the central regions of the northeastern plain,which is dominated by dryland *** work is needed to estimate the contribution of agricultural dust emissions to regional air quality in northeastern China.

关键词： PM Emission factor Agricultural inventory Tillage Harvest Burning

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30 years of the transformation of non-urban public transport in Poland's peripheral areas – what went wrong?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第11期18卷 3025-3040页

作者： CIECHAŃSKI Ariel StanisławLeszczycki institute of geography and spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences00-818 WarsawPoland

Transport-based social exclusion is currently a serious social problem in Poland,and one which is apparently most severe at the level of the county(Polish powiat)in the south-eastof the country,including the Beskid Niski and Bieszczady Mountains.A deeper illustration of this problem requires both observation of changes in the suburban public-transport network and the identification of areas in which this has deteriorated significantly in quantity and *** chosen starting point for the research was therefore 1990,as a year in which–on the one hand–the Polish economy was already shifted to the new free-market principles;while–on the other–state PKS(Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej)non-urban bus transport enterprises still dominated public *** endpoint of the study is then the beginning of 2019(the author's research year).The article introduced here seeks to identify and present cartographically the changes affecting the public-transport network in the study area over the last 30 years,as well as to point to possible consequences of these *** background of the described changes is also discussed,as are the observed consequences of what is taking place.

关键词： Carpathians Public transport Transport networks Transport-based social exclusion Poland

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The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第6期18卷 1405-1423页

作者： Dariusz STRZYŻOWSKI Elżbieta GORCZYCA Kazimierz KRZEMIEŃ Mirosław ŻELAZNY institute of geography and spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7Kraków 30-387Poland

Strong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second-to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km^(2) to 0.8 km^(2). Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small(total area <100 m^(2)) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar(t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

关键词： Fluvial processes Slope processes Windthrow Tree uprooting Channel morphology Tatra Mountains

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The role of tree uprooting in the transporting of sediment and mixing of soil in the Tatra Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第1期18卷 38-50页

作者： Dariusz STRZYŻOWSKI institute of geography and spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7Kraków 30-387Poland

Tree uprooting is an important process which leads to many geomorphic *** of the most important are the transport of sediment and mixing of *** aim of this article is to make a detailed examination of the magnitude of sediment transport caused by an extreme windthrow event in three severely affected ***,a comparison is made of the windthrow event with a mass movement event in the aspect of the magnitude of sediment transport and soil *** study was conducted in three second-to third-order catchments in the Tatra Mountains,where a strong foehn wind event caused extensive windthrow in 2013,and a high-magnitude rainfall event triggered mass movements in *** volume of sediment uplifted by the uprooting event was calculated based on the mapping of root plates using high-resolution(0.04 m)aerial images and measurements of root plate volumes conducted in the *** volume of sediment transported by shallow landslides was determined based on a Digital Elevation Model(DEM1-m resolution).Windthrows affected 34%,76%,and94%of the area of the investigated *** of the trees had fallen *** direction of treefall was influenced by the slope aspect and *** plates and pits covered 1.3%,4.8%,and 5.4%of the area of the *** flux generated by the uprooting event,calculated for the entire area of each investigated catchment ranged from 8.1×10^(–4) to 9.9×10^(–3) m^(3) m^(–1) event^(–1).This was notably lower than the sediment flux generated by the mass movement event(also calculated for the entire area of each catchment),which was 1.8-6.1×10^(–2)m^(3) m^(–1) event^(–1).By contrast,uprooting affected a much larger area than the mass movement event,which underlines its significant role in the mixing of soil.

关键词： Tree uprooting Windthrow event Slope processes Sediment flux Tatra Mountains

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Spring recharge and groundwater flow patterns in flysch aquifer in the Polonina Wetlińska Massif in the Carpathian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第4期18卷 819-833页

作者： Karolina MOSTOWIK Damian KRZYCZMAN Eliza PLACZKOWSKA Bartlomiej RZONCA Janusz SIWEK Patryk WACLAWCZYK institute of geography and spatial Management Jagiellonian University in KrakowGronostajowa St.730-387 KrakowPoland institute of geography and spatial Organization Polish Academy of SciencesSw.Jana St.2231-018 KrakowPoland

Flysch-type aquifers in the Eastern Carpathians usually feed periodic and low-discharge springs. However, in some areas, such as in the upper part of the Polonina Wetlińska Massif, perennial springs with a relatively high discharge were identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify recharge and groundwater flow patterns of three high-discharge springs based on the response of spring discharge to rainfall and on the relationship between specific electrical conductivity of water and spring discharge. The relation between spring discharge and rainfall was investigated by crosscorrelation analyses. Generally, cumulative rainfall over a period from 10 days to 3 months is most strongly correlated with discharge;however, the response time of spring discharge varies throughout the year. Faster response to rainfall occurs in the spring after snowmelt, while in the summer and autumn months the response time increases. Two flow systems were identified: 1) a relatively deep, fissure-pore flow system with a long response time to precipitation and 2) a shallow, fissure-dominated system with a short response time, which is superimposed on the longer response. A small range of specific electrical conductivity combined with the varying discharge of two springs suggests that dilution of groundwater by rainwater does not play a significant role. The differences in the studied springs’ response to rainfall can be attributed to the recharge area, regolith features and local bedrock structures, i.e. occurrence of joints and faults, monoclinal dip of rock layers and gravitational slope deformations including ridge-top trenches, which, thus far, have been underestimated in determining groundwater storage capacity in the flysch part of the Carpathians.

关键词： Cross-correlation Rainfall recharge Spring response Sedimentary rocks Poland

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