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PTEN inhibition and axon regeneration and neural repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1363-1368页

作者： Yosuke Ohtake Umar Hayat Shuxin Li Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Temple University School of Medicine

The intrinsic growth ability of all the neurons declines during development although some may grow better than others. Numerous intracellular signaling proteins and transcription factors have been shown to regulate the intrinsic growth capacity in mature neurons. Among them, PI3 kinase/Akt pathway is important for controlling axon elongation. As a negative regulator of this pathway, the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN） appears critical to con- trol the regenerative ability of young and adult neurons. This review will focus on recent research progress in axon regeneration and neural repair by PTEN inhibition and therapeutic potential of blocking this phosphatase for neurological disorders. Inhibition of PTEN by deletion in con- ditional knockout mice, knockdown by short-hairpin RNA, or blockade by pharmacological approaches, including administration of selective PTEN antagonist peptides, stimulates various degrees of axon regrowth in juvenile or adult rodents with central nervous system injuries. Im- portantly, post-injury PTEN suppression could enhance axonal growth and functional recovery in adult central nervous system after injury.

关键词： PTEN inhibition antagonist peptide spinal cord injury intrinsic growth capacity axonregeneration functional recovery

Use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and blood-brain barrier models in understanding alcohol and anesthetic-induced brain injuries:an emerging perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 953-954页

作者： Xiaowen Bai Department of cell biology Neurobiology&AnatomyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA

Neurological disorders,including developmental disorders,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and psychiatric conditions,have significant social and economic impacts *** extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of these disorders,effective treatments remain elusive,partly due to the complexity of the brain,the limited availability of human brain tissue,and the blood-brain barrier(BBB)’s impermeability to certain *** perspective article discusses the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-based models of brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and BBB to advance our understanding of the etiology,progression,and mechanisms of brain injuries induced by alcohol consumption and general *** models could also be used to develop protective and therapeutic approaches.

关键词： injuries protective drugs

Tipsy neural stem cells: chronic effects of alcohol on the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 67-68页

作者： Caitlin R.Schlagal Ping Wu Department of Neuroscience Cell Biology and Anatomy Center for Addiction Research University of Texas Medical Branch

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain and is defined as the production of new neurons from a population of cells known as neural stem cells(NSCs)(Ming and Song,2011).NSCs are also capable of self-renewal and differentiation into astrocytes or oligodendrocytes through processes known as astrogliogenesis and oligodendrogenesis,*** properties of NSCs are crucial not only during development,where they drive the formation of neural connections and brain growth,but also throughout life to generate new neurons and glia in several

关键词：神经干细胞大脑酒精星形细胞神经连接神经胶质神经发生神经原

Multiple Signaling Pathways Control Tbx6 Expression during Xenopus Myogenesis

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第6期36卷 390-396页

作者： Pan-Feng FANG, Rui-Ying HU, Xing-Yue HE, and Xiao-Yan DING* Laboratory of Molecular and cell biology, Laboratory of Stem cell biology & institute of Biochemistry and cell biology, Shanghai institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Laboratory of Molecular and cell biology Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology & Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China

Tbx6 is critical for somite specification and myogenesis initiation. It has been shown that Activin/Nodal, VegT/Nodal, FGF, and BMP signaling pathways are involved early in specifying mesoderm or later in patterning mesoderm, and Xnot plays roles in setting up the boundary between notochord and paraxial mesoderm. In this study, we introduce the dominant negative form of above genes into embryos to evaluate if they are responsible for regulating Tbx6 expression. The results show that: (1) Activin/Nodal and VegT/Nodal signals are necessary for both initiation and maintenance of Tbx6 expression, and Nodal is sufficient to induce ectopic Tbx6 expression; (2) FGF signal is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of Tbx6, but it is not sufficient to induce Tbx6 expression; (3) BMP is also necessary for the expression of Tbx6, and the induction of Tbx6 expression by BMP is dose dependent; (4) Xnot has no effect on the expression of Tbx6. Our results suggest that several signaling pathways are involved in regulating Tbx6 expression, and pave the route to reveal the molecular mechanism of initiating myogenesis.

关键词： Tbx6 FGF BMP Activin/Nodal VegT/Nodal

Roles of the Nanog protein in murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and their endoderm-differentiated counterparts

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cell Research 2006年第7期16卷 641-650页

作者： Yanmei Chen~1 Zhongwei Du~2 Zhen Yao~1 ~1Laboratory of Molecular and cell biology,institute of Biochemistry and cell biology,Shanghai institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,320 Yueyang Road,Shanghai 200031,China ~2Department of anatomy,School of Medicine,Waisman Centen Wicell institute,University of Wisconsin,Madison,WI53705,USA Laboratory of Molecular and cell biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Department of anatomy School of Medicine Waisman Center Wicell Institute University of Wisconsin Madison USA

Nanog is a recently discovered homeodomain transcription factor that sustains the pluripotency of embryonic stem(ES)cells and blocks their differentiation into *** murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cell line is a well-docu-mented model system for endoderm cell lineage ***,we examined the function of Nanog in F9 cellendoderm ***-expression of Nanog returns the F9 cells to the early status of ES cells and represses thedifferentiation of primitive endoderm and parietal endoderm in F9 cells,whereas it has no effect on the differentiation ofvisceral *** contrast,the expression of C-terminal domain-truncated Nanog spontaneously promotes endodermdifferentiation in F9 *** data suggest that Nanog is required to sustain the proper undifferentiated status of F9cells,and the C-terminal domain of Nanog transduces the most effects in repressing primitive endoderm and parietalendoderm differentiation in F9 cells.

关键词： Nanog F9 embryonal carcinoma ceils endoderm differentiation

Fibrinogen triggered signaling pathways modify stem cell behavior in central nervous system disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1196-1197页

作者： Jia-Di Lin Yu-Hsuan Chu Suvra Nath Christian Schachtrup institute of anatomy and cell biology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Faculty of biology University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Center for Basics in NeuroModulation(NeuroModulBasics) Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Neural stem/precursor cells(NSPCs)hold great promise in improving central nervous system(CNS)repair,either by triggering endogenous NSPC sources of the CNS or by transplantation of *** molecular mechanisms of NSPC survival and integration as well as their cell fate determination are still insufficiently understood,yet will be instrumental for harnessing these cells for brain *** our recent Nature Communications manuscript entitled“Fibrinogen induces neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes in the subventricular zone via BMP signaling”(Pous et al.,2020),we advanced towards understanding how CNS disease alters the brain subventricular zone(SVZ)stem cell niche environment by the disease-triggered deposition of blood-derived factors and how these factors regulate NSPC fate and brain repair.

关键词： Fibrinogen system stem

Cloning and analysing of 5' flanking region of Xenopus organizer gene noggin

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cell Research 1999年第3期9卷 209-216页

作者： TAO QIN HUA JING YANG WEN YAN MEI XlNGENG XIAO YAN DING(Shanghai institute of cell biology, CAS, Shanghai 200031,China) Shanghai institute of cell biology CAS Shanghai China

Xenopus organizer specific gene Noggin possessesnearly all the characterestic properties of the action of or-ganizer to specify the embryonic body axis. To analyzehow the maternal inherited factors cofltrol its expressionpattern, we cloned the 5' regulatory region of noggn *** 1.5 kb upstream sequense could direct reporter geneto express in vivo and data from deletion analysis indi-cated that a 229 base pair fragmet is essential for acti-vating noggn expression. We further demonstrated thatthe response elements within this regulatory region wereindeed under the control of growth factor activin and Wntsignaling pathway components.

关键词： Xenopus organizer specific gene noggin regulatory region

Promoting neuronal regeneration using extracellular vesicles loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 61-63页

作者： Jenni Neubert Jana Glumm institute of cell biology and Neurobiology Center for AnatomyCharité-Universit?tsmedizin Berlin Department of Neurosurgery HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch

Intercellular communication between neurons and glial cells via extracellular vesicles（EVs）as a novel mechanism of information transfer has been shown to be involved in regeneration processes within the central nervous system（CNS）（Rajendran et al.,2014）.Hence,to take advantage of EV signaling for therapeutic applications appears to be a completely new approach to promote regeneration.

关键词： vesicles regeneration neuronal loaded glial instance targeting synaptic exosome hippocampal

IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES ON MICROTUBULES OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL cellS

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Science China Chemistry 1986年第3期29卷 289-294页

作者：林仲翔王端顺雷思晋汪堃仁 Department of cell biology Beijing institute of Cancer Research Beijing Normal University Department of biology Division of cell biology

Anti-tubulin antibody indirect immunofluorescenee microscopy is used in this report. Difference of intracellular microtubule fluorescent staining patterns between normal and malignant human esophageal cells has been *** cultured human esophageal epithelial cells display an elaborate array of fluorescent cytoplasmic microtubule filaments, the cytoplasmic microtubule complex(CMTC), in interphase cells and mitotic spindle microtubules in mitotic cells. Malignant esophageal cells from human esophageal carcinoma, ECa109 cells, contain very few cytoplasmic microtubules in interphase cells, but there is no difference of mitotic spindle microtubule fluorescence between normal and malignant *** results presented in this report suggest that the diminution of interphase cytoplasmic mierotubules in tumor cells is probably due to the deficiency of microtubule organizing mechanism in interphase tumor cells.

关键词： IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES ON MICROTUBULES OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL cellS