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Interaction between diet and genetics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1644-1650页

作者： Daniéla Oliveira Magro Ligia Yukie Sassaki Júlio Maria Fonseca Chebli Department of Surgery Faculty of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-970São PauloBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Medical SchoolSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Botucatu 18618-687São PauloBrazil Department of Medicine University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de ForaUniversity of Juiz de Fora School of MedicineJuiz de Fora 36036-247Minas GeraisBrazil

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Marangoni et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:5618-5629,about“Diet as an epigenetic factor in inflammatory bowel disease”.The authors emphasized the role of diet,especially the interaction with genetics,in promoting the inflam-matory process in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,focusing on DNA methylation,histone modifications,and the influence of *** this editorial,we explore the interaction between genetics,gut microbiota,and diet,in an only ***,we provided dietary recommendations for patients with *** Western diet,characterized by a low fiber content and deficiency the micronutrients,impacts short-chain fatty acids production and may be related to the pathogenesis of *** the other hand,the consumption of the Mediter-ranean diet and dietary fibers are associated with reduced risk of IBD flares,particularly in Crohn’s disease(CD)*** to the dietary guidance from the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases(IOIBD),the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables while reducing the consumption of saturated,trans,dairy fat,additives,processed foods rich in maltodextrins,and artificial sweeteners containing sucralose or saccharine is recommended to CD *** patients with ulcerative colitis,the IOIBD recommends the increased intake of natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids and follows the same restrictive recommendations aimed at CD patients,with the possible inclusion of red *** conclusion,IBD is a complex and hetero-geneous disease,and future studies are needed to elucidate the influence of epigenetics on diet and microbiota in IBD patients.

关键词： Diet Genetics MicroRNAs Gastrointestinal microbiome Inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn’s disease

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RNPS1 stabilizes NAT10 protein to facilitate translation in cancer via tRNA ac^(4)C modification

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 73-84页

作者： Xiaochen Wang Rongsong Ling Yurong Peng Weiqiong Qiu Demeng Chen Center For Translational Medicine the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina institute for advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina

Existing studies have underscored the pivotal role of N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10) in various cancers. However, the outcomes of protein-protein interactions between NAT10 and its protein partners in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) remain unexplored. In this study, we identified a significant upregulation of RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain 1(RNPS1) in HNSCC, where RNPS1 inhibits the ubiquitination degradation of NAT10 by E3 ubiquitin ligase, zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 6(ZSWIM6), through direct protein interaction, thereby promoting high NAT10 expression in HNSCC. This upregulated NAT10 stability mediates the enhancement of specific tRNA ac^(4)C modifications, subsequently boosting the translation process of genes involved in pathways such as IL-6 signaling, IL-8 signaling, and PTEN signaling that play roles in regulating HNSCC malignant progression, ultimately influencing the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we pioneered the development of TRMC-seq, leading to the discovery of novel t RNA-ac^(4)C modification sites, thereby providing a potent sequencing tool for tRNAac^(4)C research. Our findings expand the repertoire of tRNA ac^(4)C modifications and identify a role of tRNA ac^(4)C in the regulation of mRNA translation in HNSCC.

关键词： NAT1 thereby translation

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Cucurbit[n]uril-based nanostructure construction and modification

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 138-148页

作者： Lijun Mao Shuo Li Xin Zhang Zhan-Ting Li Da Ma School of Pharmaceutical Engineering&institute for advanced studies Taizhou UniversityJiaojiang 318000China Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

New fabrication method of nanostructures is of great importance for the applications of nanoscience and *** review summarizes cucurbit[n]uril(CB[n])-based nanostructure fabrication and modification *** strategies include the use of CB[n]s as building blocks and supramolecular crosslinkers to fabricate nanostructures,to surface modify nanostructures,and as gatekeepers to control the release of encapsulated *** nanostructures are used for drug delivery,bioimaging,chemical sensing,catalysis and other ***[n]s often play a vital role in the fabrication of these nanos-tructures,and the realization of the applications.

关键词： Cucurbit[n]uril Nanostructure Host-guest interaction Nanofabrication

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Early response of understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce in the European lowland temperate forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 214-225页

作者： Jan Marek Matuszkiewicz Andrzej N.Affek Piotr Zaniewski Ewa Kołaczkowska Faculty of Geography and Regional studies University of WarsawPoland institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of SciencesPoland institute of Forest Sciences Warsaw University of Life SciencesPoland

Spruce-dominated forests are commonly exposed to disturbances associated with mass occurrences of bark *** dieback of trees triggers many physical and chemical processes in the ecosystem resulting in rapid changes in the vegetation of the lower forest *** aimed to determine the response of non-tree understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce(Picea abies)in the first years after the disturbance caused by the European spruce bark beetle(Ips typographus)*** study area was the Białowieża Biosphere Reserve covering the Polish part of the emblematic Białowieża Forest,in total 597km^(2).The main data source comprised 3,900 phytosociological relevés(combined spring and summer campaigns)collected from 1,300 systematically distributed forest sites in 2016–2018–the peak years of the bark beetle *** found that the understory responded immediately to mass spruce dieback,with the most pronounced changes observed in the year of the disturbance and the subsequent ***-tolerant forest species declined in the initial years following the mass spruce dieback,while hemicryptophytes,therophytes,light-demanding species associated with non-forest seminatural communities,as well as water-demanding forest species,*** acetosella,the most common understory species in the Białowieża Forest,showed a distinct fluctuation pattern,with strong short-term expansion right after spruce dieback,followed by a gradual decline over the next 3–4 years to a cover level 5 percentage points lower than before the ***,our study revealed that mass spruce dieback selectively affects individual herb species,and their responses can be directional and non-directional(fluctuation).Furthermore,we demonstrated that the mass dieback of spruce temporarily increases plant species diversity(α-diversity).

关键词： Forest disturbance Bark beetle outbreak Picea abies Ips typographus Response of understory vegetation Herbaceous species Biaowieza Forest

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Engineering disease-resistant plants with alternative translation efficiency by switching uORF types through CRISPR

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1715-1726页

作者： Jingjing Tian Zhijuan Tang Ruixia Niu Yulu Zhou Dan Yang Dan Chen Ming Luo Rui Mou Meng Yuan Guoyong Xu National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China

Engineering disease-resistant plants can be a powerful solution to the issue of food ***,it requires addressing two fundamental questions:what genes to express and how to control their *** find a solution,we screen CRISPR-edited upstream open reading frame(uORF)variants in rice,aiming to optimize translational control of disease-related *** switching uORF types of the 5′-leader from Arabidopsis TBF1,we modulate the ribosome accessibility to the downstream firefly *** assume that by switching uORF types using CRISPR,we could generate uORF variants with alternative translation efficiency(CRISPR-aTrE-uORF).These variants,capable of boosting translation for resistance-associated genes and dampening it for susceptible ones,can help pinpoint previously unidentified genes with optimal expression *** test the assumption,we screened edited uORF variants and found that enhanced translational suppression of the plastic glutamine synthetase 2 can provide broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice with minimal fitness *** strategy,which involves modifying uORFs from none to some,or from some to none or different ones,demonstrates how translational agriculture can speed up the development of disease-resistant *** is vital for tackling the food security challenges we face due to growing populations and changing climates.

关键词： disease-resistant plants broad-spectrum disease resistance uORF uORF types uORF variants CRISPR

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Invisible vapor catalysis in graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4259-4269页

作者： Xiucai Sun Xiaoting Liu Zhongti Sun Xintong Zhang Yuzhu Wu Yeshu Zhu Yuqing Song Kaicheng Jia Jincan Zhang Luzhao Sun Wan-Jian Yin Zhongfan Liu Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for NanocarbonsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Graphene institute(BGI) Beijing 100095China Academy for advanced Interdisciplinary studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS(SIEMIS)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

Vapor catalysis was recently found to play a crucial role in superclean graphene growth via chemical vapor decomposition(CVD).However,knowledge of vapor-phase catalysis is scarce,and several fundamental issues,including vapor compositions and their impact on graphene growth,are ***,by combining density functional theory(DFT)calculations,an ideal gas model,and a designed experiment,we found that the vapor was mainly composed of Cui clusters with tens of *** vapor pressure was estimated to be~10^(-12)-10^(-1)1 bar under normal low-pressure CVD system(LPCVD)conditions for graphene growth,and the exposed surface area of Cui clusters in the vapor was 22-269 times that of the Cu substrate surface,highlighting the importance of vapor *** calculations show Cu clusters,represented by Cu17,have strong capabilities for adsorption,dehydrogenation,and decomposition of *** exhibit an adsorption lifetime and reaction flux six orders of magnitude higher than those on the Cu surface,thus providing a sufficient supply of active C atoms for rapid graphene growth and improving the surface cleanliness of the synthesized *** experimental validation showed that increasing the amount of Cu vapor improved the as-synthesized graphene growth rate and surface *** study provides a comprehensive understanding of vapor catalysis and the fundamental basis of vapor control for superclean graphene rapid growth.

关键词： vapor catalysis graphene growth chemical vapor deposition first-principles calculation

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Sperm function, mitochondrial activity and in vivo fertility are associated to their mitochondrial DNA content in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1550-1558页

作者： Marc Llavanera Yentel Mateo‑Otero Estel Vinolas‑Vergés Sergi Bonet Marc Yeste Unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(TechnoSperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Catalan Institution for Research and advanced studies(ICREA) Barcelona ES‑08010Spain

Background Despite their low abundance in sperm, mitochondria have diverse functions in this cell type, includ-ing energy production, signalling and calcium regulation. In humans, sperm mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc) has been reported to be negatively linked to sperm function and fertility. Yet, the association between mtDNAc and sperm function in livestock remains unexplored. For this reason, this study aimed to shed some light on the link between mtDNAc and sperm function and fertilising potential in pigs. A qPCR method for mtDNAc quantification was optimised for pig sperm, and the association of this parameter with sperm motility, kinematics, mitochondrial activity, and fertility was subsequently *** First, the q PCR method was found to be sensitive and efficient for mtDNAc quantification in pig sperm. By using this technique, mtDNAc was observed to be associated to sperm motility, mitochondrial activity and in vivo, but not in vitro, fertility outcomes. Specifically, sperm with low mtDNAc were seen to exhibit greater motility but decreased mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, samples with lower mtD-NAc showed higher conception and farrowing rates, but similar in vitro fertilisation rates and embryo development, when compared to those with greater *** These findings enrich our comprehension of the association of mtDNAc with sperm biology, and lay the foundation for future research into employing this parameter as a molecular predictor for sperm function and fer-tility in livestock.

关键词： Fertility Mitochondria Motility mtDNA copy number qPCR Sperm

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Color coded metadevices toward programmed terahertz switching

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1383-1392页

作者： Weibao He Xiang’ai Cheng Siyang Hu Ziheng Ren Zhongyi Yu Shun Wan Yuze Hu Tian Jiang College of advanced Interdisciplinary studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina. Nanhu Laser Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina. institute for Quantum Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina

Terahertz modulators play a critical role in high-speed wireless communication,non-destructive imaging,and so on,which have attracted a large amount of research ***,all-optical terahertz modulation,an ultrafast dynamical control approach,remains to be limited in terms of encoding and *** we experimentally demonstrated an optical-programmed terahertz switching realized by combining optical metasurfaces with the terahertz metasurface,resulting in 2-bit dual-channel terahertz *** terahertz metasurface,made up of semiconductor islands and artificial microstructures,enables effective all-optical programming by providing multiple frequency channels with ultrafast modulation at the nanosecond ***,optical metasurfaces covered in terahertz metasurface alter the spatial light field distribution to obtain color *** to the time-domain coupled mode theory analysis,the energy dissipation modes in terahertz metasurface can be independently controlled by color excitation,which explains the principle of 2-bit encoding *** work establishes a platform for all-optical programmed terahertz metadevices and may further advance the application of composite metasurface in terahertz manipulation.

关键词： terahertz surface excitation

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Reducing idleness in financial cloud services via multi-objective evolutionary reinforcement learning based load balancer

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 20-40页

作者： Peng YANG Laoming ZHANG Haifeng LIU Guiying LI Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Computation Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Academy for advanced Interdisciplinary studies Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp. Ltd Research institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology

In recent years, various companies have started to shift their data services from traditional data centers to the cloud. One of the major motivations is to save on operational costs with the aid of cloud elasticity. This paper discusses an emerging need from financial services to reduce the incidence of idle servers retaining very few user connections, without disconnecting them from the server side. This paper considers this need as a bi-objective online load balancing problem. A neural network based scalable policy is designed to route user requests to varied numbers of servers for the required elasticity. An evolutionary multi-objective training framework is proposed to optimize the weights of the policy. Not only is the new objective of idleness reduced by over 130% more than traditional industrial solutions, but the original load balancing objective itself is also slightly improved. Extensive simulations with both synthetic and real-world data help reveal the detailed applicability of the proposed method to the emergent problem of reducing idleness in financial services.

关键词： evolutionary reinforcement learning evolutionary multi-objective optimization load balance cloud computing

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Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele:a DBPC trial to evaluate the impact of age and body mass index

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 239-244页

作者： Gian Maria Busetto Bernarde F Rodrigues Ashraf Virmani Andrea Checchia Antonella Ninivaggi Anna Ricapito Giovanni Barbieri Piero Fischetti Ugo G Falagario Pasquale Annese Nicola d’Altilia Vito Mancini Matteo Ferro Felice Crocetto Angelo Porreca Carlo Bettocchi Luigi Cormio Ashok Agarwal Giuseppe Carrieri university of Foggia Foggia 71122Italy Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation Policlinico of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Department of Urology Human Reproduction SectionFederal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil Alfasigma Healthscience Utrecht 3528 BGThe Netherlands Urology Unit “G.Tatarella”HospitalCerignola 71042Italy Urology Unit European Institute of Oncology(IEO)IRCCSMilan 20142Italy university of Naples Federico II Naples80126Italy Department of Oncological Urology Veneto Institute of Oncology(IOV)IRCCSPadua 35039Italy Urology Unit “L.Bonomo”HospitalAndria 70031Italy Global Andrology Forum Moreland HillsOH 44022USA

Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms responsible for male *** conditions such as varicocele,obesity,advanced age,and lifestyle can lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species,causing an oxidative imbalance in the *** are sensitive to reactive oxygen species and require energy to carry out their main function of fertilizingthe *** reactive oxygen species can affect sperm metabolism,leading to immobility,impaired acrosome reaction,and celldeath,thereby impairing reproductive *** double-blind randomized study evaluated the effect of supplementation withL-carnitine,acetyl-L-carnitine,vitamins,and other nutrients on semen quality in 104 infertile patients with or without varicocele,while also investigating the impact of factors such as obesity and advanced age on *** concentration significantlyincreased in the supplemented group compared to the placebo group(P=0.0186).Total sperm count also significantly increasedin the supplemented group(P=0.0117),as did sperm motility(P=0.0120).The treatment had a positive effect on patients upto 35 years of age in terms of sperm concentration(P=0.0352),while a body mass index(BMI)above 25 kg m^(−2) had a negativeeffect on sperm concentration(P=0.0110).Results were not showing a net benefit in stratifying patients in accordance withtheir BMI since sperm quality increase was not affected by this *** conclusion,antioxidant supplementation may bebeneficial for infertile patients and has a more positive effect on younger patients with a normal weight.

关键词： aging antioxidants body mass index oligoasthenoteratozoospermia varicocele

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