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Basic Soil Productivity of Spring Maize in Black Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization Based on DSSAT Model

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 577-587页

作者： ZHA Yan WU Xue-ping HE Xin-hua ZHANG Hui-min GONG Fu-fei CAI Dian-xiong ZHU Ping GAO Hong-jun Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agricultural/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Jilin Academy of agricultural Sciences

Increasing basic farmland soil productivity has significance in reducing fertilizer application and maintaining high yield of crops. In this study, we defined that the basic soil productivity （BSP） is the production capacity of a farmland soil with its own physical and chemical properties for a specific crop season under local environment and field management. Based on 22-yr （1990-2011） long-term experimental data on black soil （Typic hapludoll） in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Northeast China, the decision support system for an agro-technology transfer （DSSAT）-CERES-Maize model was applied to simulate the yield by BSP of spring maize （Zea mays L.） to examine the effects of long-term fertilization on changes of BSP and explore the mechanisms of BSP increasing. Five treatments were examined：（1） no-fertilization control （control）; （2） chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium （NPK）; （3） NPK plus farmyard manure （NPKM）; （4） 1.5 time of NPKM （1.5NPKM） and （5） NPK plus straw （NPKS）. Results showed that after 22-yr fertilization, the yield by BSP of spring maize significantly increased 78.0, 101.2, and 69.4% under the NPKM, 1.5NPKM and NPKS, respectively, compared to the initial value （in 1992）, but not significant under NPK （26.9% increase） and the control （8.9% decrease）. The contribution percentage of BSP showed a significant rising trend （P〈0.05） under 1.5NPKM. The average contribution percentage of BSP among fertilizations ranged from 74.4 to 84.7%, and ranked as 1.5NPKM〉NPKM〉NPK〉NPKS, indicating that organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers （I.5NPKM and NPKM） could more effectively increase BSP compared with the inorganic fertilizer application alone （NPK） in the black soil. This study showed that soil organic matter （SOM） was the key factor among various fertility factors that could affect BSP in the black soil, and total N, total P and/or available P also played important role in BSP increasing. Compared with the chemical fertilization, a balanced chem

关键词： spring maize long-term fertilization basic soil productivity black soil DSSAT model

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Comparative analysis of GF-1,HJ-1,and Landsat-8 data for estimating the leaf area index of winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 266-285页

作者： LI He CHEN Zhong-xin JIANG Zhi-wei WU Wen-bin REN Jian-qiang LIU Bin Tuya Hasi Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration

Using simultaneously collected remote sensing data and field measurements, this study firstly assessed the consistency and applicability of China high-resolution earth observation system satellite 1 （GF-1） wide field of view （WFV） camera, environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting satellite （H J-l） charge coupled device （CCD）, and Landsat-8 opera- tional land imager （OLI） data for estimating the leaf area index （LAI） of winter wheat via reflectance and vegetation indices （VIs）. The accuracies of these LAI estimates were then assessed through comparison with an empirical model and the PROSAIL radiative transfer model. The effects of radiation calibration, spectral response functions, and spatial resolution on discrepancies in the LAI estimates between the different sensors were also analyzed. The results yielded the following observations：（1） The correlation between reflectance from different sensors is relative good, with the adjusted coefficients of determination （R2） between 0.375 to 0.818. The differences in reflectance are ranging from 0.002 to 0.054. The correlation between VIs from different sensors is high with the R2 between 0.729 and 0.933. The differences in the VIs are ranging from 0.07 to 0.156. These results show the three sensors＇ images can all be used for cross calibration of the reflectance and VIs. （2） The four VIs from the three sensors are all demonstrated to be highly correlated with LAI （R2 between 0.703 and 0.849）. The linear models associated with the 2-band enhanced vegetation index （EVI2）, which feature the highest R2 （higher than 0.746） and the lowest root mean square errors （RMSE）（less than 0.21）, were selected to estimate the winter wheat LAI. The accuracy of the estimated LAI from Landsat-8 was the highest, with the relative errors （RE） of 2.18% and an RMSE of 0.13, while the H J-1 was the lowest, with the RE of 2.43% and the RMSE of 0.15. （3） The inversion errors in the different sensors＇ LAI estimates using the PROSAIL mode

关键词： GF-1 WFV H J-1 CCD Landsat-80LI leaf area index PROSAIL vegetation indices

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Trends in the global commercialization of genetically modified crops in 2023

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第12期23卷 3943-3952页

作者： Xingru Cheng Haohui Li Qiaoling Tang Haiwen Zhang Tao Liu Youhua Wang institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Biotechnology Research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Chinese Academy of agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081China

The commercialization of genetically modified(GM)crops has increased food production,improved crop quality,reduced pesticide use,promoted changes in agricultural production methods,and become an important new production strategy for dealing with insect pests and weeds while reducing the cultivated land *** article provides a comprehensive examination of the global distribution of GM crops in *** discusses the internal factors that are driving their adoption,such as the increasing number of GM crops and the growing variety of *** article also provides information support and application guidance for the new developments in global agricultural science and technology.

关键词： genetically modified crops commercialization global agricultural

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The status and distribution characteristics of residual mulching film in Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2639-2646页

作者： ZHANG Dan LIU Hong-bin HU Wan-li QIN Xiao-hui MA Xing-wang YAN Chang-rong WANG Hong-yuan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of agricultural Environment and resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Protection Station of agricultural resources and Environment Xinjiang Agricultural Department institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Saving Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Pollution of residual plastic film in arable lands is a severe problem in China. In this study, the status of residual film and influential factors were investigated using the methods of farm survey in combination with questionnaires and quadrat sampling at a large number of field sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed that the amount of film utilization increased largely and reached to 1.8×10~5 t in 2013. Similarly, the mulching area also substantially increased in recent decades, and reached to 2.7×10~5 ha in the same year. According to the current survey, 60.7% of the sites presented a greater mulch residue than the national film residue standard（75 kg ha^（–1））, and the maximum residual amount reached 502.2 kg ha^（–1） in Turpan, Xinjiang. The film thickness, the mulching time and the crop type all influenced mulch residue. The thickness of the film had significantly negative correlation with the amount of residual film（P0.05）, while the mulching years had significantly positive correlation with it（P0.05）. The total amount of residual film in Xinjiang was 3.43×105 t in 2011, which accounted for 15.3% of the cumulative dosage of mulching. Among all the crops, the cotton fields had the largest residual amount of mulch film（158.4 kg ha^（–1））, and also the largest contribution（2.6×10~5 tons） to the total amount of residual film in Xinjiang.

关键词： Xinjiang residual mulching film influential factor agricultural resources agricultural pollution

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Negative Effects of Oxytetracycline on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth, Root Activity, Photosynthesis, and Chlorophyll Contents

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agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第10期10卷 1545-1553页

作者： LI Zhao-jun XIE Xiao-yu ZHANG Shu-qing LIANG Yong-chao institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences~Key Laboratory of Crop Nutritionand Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R.China

A solution culture experiment was performed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline （OTC） on wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） growth, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthesis at five levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mmol L-1 OTC. OTC is toxic to wheat. The wheat growth, especially wheat root was significantly decreased. Further OTC also significantly decreased root activity, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthetic parameters except for intercellular CO2 concentrations. The different responses of indicators such as root number, root activity and so on to OTC were also observed. The IC50 values for the tested indicators to OTC ranged from 7.1 to 113.4 mmol L-1 OTC. The order of indicator sensitivity to OTC was root number stomatal conductance chlorophyll a total chlorophyll photosynthetic rates total surface area transpiration rate chlorophyll b fresh weight of root dry weight of root total length dry weight of shoot = fresh weight of shoot total volume. The root number was more sensitive than other indicators with the IC50 value of 7.1 mmol L-1 OTC, and could be taken as the sensitive indicator to predict the hazards of OTC to wheat.

关键词： OTC wheat growth root morphological characteristics chlorophyll contents photosynthesis

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Screening of Amaranth Cultivars(Amaranthus mangostanus L.) for Cadmium Hyperaccumulation

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agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第3期8卷 342-351页

作者： FAN Hong-li ZHOU Wei Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China

The potential harm of soil cadmium pollution to ecological environment and human health has been increasingly widely concerned. Phytoremediation, as a kind of new and effective technology, has become an important method for cleaning up cadmium in contaminated sites. The amaranth （Amaranthus mangostanus L.） is widely distributed and has abundant varieties in China, its rapid growth and large biomass can be served as candidate for cadmium hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation. To obtain cadmium hyper-accumulator, Cd uptake in 23 amaranth cultivars from different ecological region was investigated under hydroponic culture condition. Meanwhile, pot experiment was established to probe phytoremediation potentiality of Cd contaminated soil by amaranth. Three treatment （Cd 5, 10, and 25 mg kg^-1） were imposed to red soil, yellow brown soil, and vegetable soil. The results showed that under hydroponic culture with Cd 3 mg L^-1, the cadmium concentration in the shoots of the cultivar Tianxingmi reached 260 mg kg^-1, and its total cadmium uptake was the highest among various cultivars. In the treatment Cd 25 mg kg^-1, the cadmium concentration in the shoots of the cultivar Tianxingmi reached 212 mg kg^-1, while bioaccumulation factor and shoot purification rate reached 8.50 and 3.8%, respectively. Further, the total biomass and shoot biomass were not decreased significantly under Cd exposure. These results suggested that cultivar Tianxingmi is a typical Cd hyperaccumulator, and can be expected to be used in phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.

关键词： cadmium hyperaccumulation amaranth phytoremediation

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Variation of Cd concentration in various rice cultivars and derivation of cadmium toxicity thresholds for paddy soil by species-sensitivity distribution

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第9期14卷 1845-1854页

作者： SONG Wen-en CHEN Shi-bao LIU Ji-fang CHEN Li SONG Ning-ning LI Ning LIU Bin Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Plant Protection and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science

It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.

关键词： cadmium rice cultivars bioconcentration factor species-sensitivity distribution toxicity thresholds

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Effects of Long-Term Application of Sulfur-Containing and Chloride-Containing Chemical Fertilizers on Rice Yield and Its Components

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agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第5期10卷 747-753页

作者： SHEN Pu LI Dong-chu GAO Ju-sheng XU Ming-gang WANG Bo-ren HOU Xiao-juan institute of agricultural resources and regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agricultur Beijing 100081 P.R. China

Impacts of 33-yr of application of S-containing and Cl-containing chemical fertilizers on rice （Oryza sativa L.） yield and its components were investigated in a red paddy field experiment,south *** treatments included：1） adding 302 kg SO42--S ha-1 yr-1 with application of （NH4）2SO4-,K2SO4,and calcium superphosphate （SO42-）;2） adding 56 kg SO42--S and 176 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of urea,calcium superphosphate,and KCl （Cl-＋SO42-）;3） adding 516 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of NH4Cl,KCl,and KH2PO4 （Cl-）.Under each treatment,the applied N,P,and K nutrients were controlled at conventional rates of 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1,225 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1,*** the S-containing fertilizer application,soil SO42--S content showed a first increasing then decreasing trend with years,and was significantly negatively correlated with annual rice *** annual yield significantly declined in an order of Cl-,Cl-＋SO42-,and SO42-.Under the Cl-treatment,soil SO42--S content was maintained at about 26.5 mg kg-1,not showing *** 1990 to 2000,rice yield declined rapidly under the SO42- treatment,and was significantly lower than that under the *** then,there was no significant difference in yield among the *** results demonstrated that long-term application of S- containing fertilizer could result in excessive accumulation of SO42--S in the red paddy soils of south China,therefore producing a certain threat to rice *** Cl- containing fertilizer could be relatively safe.

关键词： rice (Oryza sativa L.) long-term fertilization,componentsulfur-containing fertilizer chloride-containing fertilizer yield,

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Estimating grassland LAI using the Random Forests approach and Landsat imagery in the meadow steppe of Hulunber, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 286-297页

作者： LI Zhen-wang XIN Xiao-ping TANG Huan YANG Fan CHEN Bao-rui ZHANG Bao-hui National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China

Leaf area index （LAI） is a key parameter for describing vegetation structures and is closely associated with vegetative photosynthesis and energy balance. The accurate retrieval of LAI is important when modeling biophysical processes of vegetation and the productivity of earth systems. The Random Forests （RF） method aggregates an ensemble of deci- sion trees to improve the prediction accuracy and demonstrates a more robust capacity than other regression methods. This study evaluated the RF method for predicting grassland LAI using ground measurements and remote sensing data. Parameter optimization and variable reduction were conducted before model prediction. Two variable reduction methods were examined： the Variable Importance Value method and the principal component analysis （PCA） method. Finally, the sensitivity of RF to highly correlated variables was tested. The results showed that the RF parameters have a small effect on the performance of RF, and a satisfactory prediction was acquired with a root mean square error （RMSE） of 0.1956. The two variable reduction methods for RF prediction produced different results; variable reduction based on the Variable Importance Value method achieved nearly the same prediction accuracy with no reduced prediction, whereas variable re- duction using the PCA method had an obviously degraded result that may have been caused by the loss of subtle variations and the fusion of noise information. After removing highly correlated variables, the relative variable importance remained steady, and the use of variables selected based on the best-performing vegetation indices performed better than the vari- ables with all vegetation indices or those selected based on the most important one. The results in this study demonstrate the practical and powerful ability of the RF method in predicting grassland LAI, which can also be applied to the estimation of other vegetation traits as an alternative to conventional empirical regression models an

关键词： leaf area index Random Forests grassland remote sensing Hulunber

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Role of Carbon Substrates Added in the Transformation of Surplus Nitrate to Organic Nitrogen in a Calcareous Soil

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 205-212页

作者： QIU Shao-Jun JU Xiao-Tang J.INGWERSEN GUO Zi-De C.F.STANGE R.BISHARAT T.STRECK P.CHRISTIE ZHANG Fu-Suo College of agricultural resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Federal institute for Geosciences and Natural resources Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute

Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N （SON）. A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15N tracer （K15NO3） technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N （NO3 and NH4＋） and SON and greenhouse gas （N20 and CO2） emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different （P 〉 0.05） from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N20-N emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N20-N emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant （P 〈 0.05）. However, the total N20-N emission in the straw treatment was not significantly （P ~ 0.05） greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N20 emitted as well as restriction of NO3-N leaching.

关键词： available C source carbon amendments greenhouse gases N immobilization 15N tracer

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