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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2015年第2期30卷 110-115页

作者： Andreas E.Zautner Wyclif e O.Masanta Rebecca Hinz Ralf Matthias Hagen Hagen Frickmann institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie Universit?tsmedizin G?ttingen Fachbereich Tropenmedizin am Bernhard-Nocht institut Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg institut für Mik robiologie Virologie und HygieneUniversit?tsmedizin Rostock

Background: Diagnostic microbial isolates of bio-safety levels 3 and 4 are difficult to handle in medical field camps under military deployment settings. International transport of such isolates is challenging due to restrictions by the International Air Transport Association. An alternative option might be inactivation and sequencing of the pathogen at the deployment site with subsequent sequence-based revitalization in well-equipped laboratories in the home country for further scientific assessment. Methods: A literature review was written based on a Pub Med search. Results: First described for poliovirus in 2002, de novo synthesis of pathogens based on their sequence information has become a well-established procedure in science. Successful syntheses have been demonstrated for both viruses and prokaryotes. However, the technology is not yet available for routine diagnostic purposes. Conclusions: Due to the potential utility of diagnostic sequencing and sequence-based de novo synthesis of pathogens, it seems worthwhile to establish the technology for diagnostic purposes over the intermediate term. This is particularly true for resource-restricted deployment settings, where safe handling of harmful pathogens cannot always be guaranteed.

关键词： Deployment Sequencing Next generation sequencing DNA shuffling Synthesis Diagnosis Synthetic biology

Immune responses to tumor-unrelated antigens might predict adverse effects in patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第4期20卷 313-315页

作者： Bjorn Nuise Tim Holland Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitatsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat(FAU)Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany.2Medical Immunology Campus ErlangenFAU Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany

The advent of checkpoint inhibition targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)or its ligand(PD-L1)revolutionized cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the treatment of different ***,not all immune cell subsets that express PD-1 also target tumor *** the immune response of the germinal center reaction to seasonal influenza vaccination as a readout,Herati et *** vaccination as an analytical tool to predict adverse effects beyond anticancer responses[1]

关键词： immunotherapy al. vaccination

Interaction of hepatitis C virus with the type I interferon system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4818-4823页

作者： Friedemann Weber Abteilung Virologie Institut für Medi- zinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene Universitt Freiburg Freiburg D-79008 Germany

Hepatitis C virus （HCV） needs to tightly manipulate host defences in order to establish infection. The innate immune response slows down viral replication by activating cytokines such as the type Ⅰ interferons （IFN-α/ β）, which trigger the synthesis of antiviral proteins and modulate the adaptive immune system. HCV has therefore developed a number of countermeasures to stay ahead of the IFN system. Here, I will attempt to summarize the current state of research regarding IFN responses against HCV and the viral escape strategies. Particular emphasis will be put on the newly discovered mechanisms HCV employs to avoid the induction of IFN in infected cells.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Innate immunity Interferon system Escape mechanisms

Intestinal eosinophils:characterization of elusive granulocytes as anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory effector cells in colitis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3904-3906页

作者： Tim Holland Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Gurtner and colleagues identify active eosinophils(A-Eos)as eosinophil subset with anti-bacterial and immune regulatory functions during intestinal disease.1 Due to the combination of human singe cell transcip-tomics with pre-clinical experimental studies,the authors suggest eosinophils as promising targets for clinical intervention in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Eosinophils are known to exhibit versatile functions at mucosal ***,they can sustain the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as intestinal tissue architecture,communicate with other cell subsets and regulate local immune responses.2 However,despite having been associated with a panoply of different diseases including eosinophilic esophagitis or IBD,3 their role and plasticity in gastrointestinal disorders have not been well characterized.

关键词： eosinophils clinical diseases

The interplay between dendritic cells and CD8 T lymphocytes is a crucial component of SARS-CoV-2 immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 247-249页

作者： Jonas Buttenschön Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

SARS-CoV-2,a novel beta-coronavirus(CoV),causes the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,which manifests with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic carriage or mild disease to hospitalization and even *** highly divergent and variable clinical outcomes,as well as the fluctuating involvement of different organ systems,link SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis to the immune response of an individual ***,detailed knowledge of the cellular and humoral mechanisms underlying antiviral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is pivotal for understanding the concept of host susceptibility,evaluating therapeutic regimens and designing vaccination ***,most studies so far have focused only on the analysis of immune responses in convalescent *** contrast,Zhou and colleagues explored in detail different innate and adaptive immune cells in the peripheral blood of patients with acute disease in their latest report published in *** to convalescent individuals,they observed that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection quantitatively and qualitatively impairs dendritic cell(DC)and CD8 T-cell responses and interactions,despite rapid and abundant antibody production targeting dominant viral antigen epitopes.

关键词： immunity acute involvement

Compartmentalized immune responses and the local microbiota determine mucosal and systemic immunity against SARS-CoV-2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 130-132页

作者： Jonas Buttenschön Stefan Vogt Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection,which is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,are highly variable and range from asymptomatic carriage or mild symptoms to severe disease involving different organ ***,the specific factors influencing individual clinical outcomes remain ***,to characterize the versatile interplay of mucosal and systemic immune responses with the local microbiome and the viral load,as well as its impact on the course of the disease,Smith et *** integrated analyses of nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples from COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of illness *** observed that spike-specific neutralizing antibodies were heterogeneous between paired plasma samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from individual SARS-CoV-2 patients,suggesting a tissuedependent regulation of humoral immune responses.

关键词： immunity mucosal clinical

Hepatitis B virus taxonomy and hepatitis B virus genotypes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第1期13卷 14-21页

作者： Stephan Schaefer Abteilung für Virologie Institut für Medizini-sche MikrobiologieVirologie und HygieneUniversitt RostockSchillingallee 70D-18057 RostockGermany

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a member of the hepadnavirus *** can be found in both mammals(orthohepadnaviruses) and birds(avihepadnaviruses).The genetic variability of HBV is very *** are eight genotypes of HBV and three clades of HBV isolates from apes that appear to be additional genotypes of *** genotypes are now divided into subgenotypes with distinct virological and epidemiological *** addition,recombination among HBV genotypes increases the variability of *** review summarises current knowledge of the epidemiology of genetic variability in hepadnaviruses and,due to rapid progress in the field,updates several recent reviews on HBV genotypes and subgenotypes.

关键词： Orthohepadnavirus Avihepadnavirus Hepatitis B virus Genotype, Subgenotype Recombination

Appraisal of pollution levels and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with the emergence of heavy metals in Indonesian community water for sanitation,hygiene,and consumption

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 230-249页

作者： Nurul Fahimah Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami Katharina Oginawati Haryo Mubiarto Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungJl.Ganesha 10Bandung40132West JavaIndonesia Environmental Management Technology Research Group Department of Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungJl.Ganesha 10Bandung40132West JavaIndonesia Industrial hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungJl.Ganesha 10Bandung40132West JavaIndonesia

Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human *** research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of drinking water were *** research findings indicate that 6%of groundwater for hygiene and sanitation and 13%of drinking water(7.8%groundwater,5.2%refill water)were deemed unfit for use due to elevated concentrations of certain heavy metals surpassing the maximum ***,Cd,Co,Hg,Mn,and Pb were detected in several drinking water samples deemed unsuitable for *** heavy metals suspected to originate from natural sources are Co,Fe,Mn,As,and Zn,while Pb,Cd,Hg,and Co are suspected to have anthropogenic *** arsenic exposure through the ingestion pathway posed a non-carcinogenic health risk to the local *** were found to be more susceptible than adult males and *** estimated average non-carcinogenic risk levels based on the water sources were refill water>well water>rainwater>spring ***,it is essential to monitor raw water sources at refill water depots in the study area and implement policies related to the quality of raw water sources,technology maintenance processes,and the quality of processed water from refill water ***,the community should be educated about householdscale water treatment to minimize health risks and consider using untreated well water and rainwater for consumption.

关键词： Bandung regency Groundwater Heavy metal Human health risk Water quality Refill water

Human DNA contains sequences homologous to the 5'-non-coding region of hepatitis C virus: characterization with restriction endonucleases reveals individual varieties

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2003年第7期000卷 133-139+70页

作者： Reinhard H Dennin,Jianer Wo institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und hygiene Universitt zu Lübeck Lübeck Germany institute of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliate Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Objective To investigate a 272 base pair section of the 5' non coding region of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood monounuclear cells of healthy hepatitis virus C (HCV) negative human subjects (not patients) Mothods This sequence section bears interest because ① it harbors several potential methylation (Cp rich) sites, and ② it represents the largest part of its internal ribosomal entry site A pre PCR digestion protocol was established making consistent use of four restriction endonucleases selected for certain features: SmaI, XmaCI, MspI, and HpaII are inhibited if methylation(s) are present at certain cytosines within their cutting sequences Results The suspected HCV specific sequence was found in the DNA of each subject tested The pre PCR digestion assay reveals individual differences in their pattern of methylation, which may be due to possible epigenetic phenomena Conclusions The results provide formal proof that these HCV specific sequences are contained in the genomic or extra chromosomal target DNA, and probably belong to a new class of endogenous sequences

关键词： HCV sequences · 5’ NCR · IRES · human DNA · restriction endonucleases · methylation · epigenetic phenomena