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The influence of hydrochar from biogas digestate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects

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Biochar 2020年第2期2卷 177-194页

作者： Megan de Jager Michael rohrdanz Luise Giani Carl Von Ossietzky Universitat Institut für Biologie und UmweltwissenschaftenOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC),produced by hydrothermal carbonization,offers technical advantages over biochar(BC)produced by pyrolysis,and is suitable for soil amelioration,carbon sequestration,and enhanced plant *** grain size has been shown to influence nutrient retention,microbial colonization and aggregate formation;however,similar research for HC is *** trials were conducted to investigate the influence of HC grain size[coarse(6.3-2 mm),medium(2-0.63 mm)and fine(roduced from biogas digestate,for soil improvement in three soils:loamy Chernozem,sandy Podzol,and clayey Gleysol,at a 5%HC application rate(w/w).All soils including two controls(with and without plants)were analysed for water holding capacity(WHC),cation exchange capacity(CEC),wet aggregate stability,pH,plant available nutrients(PO_(4)-P,K and N_(min))and germination and biomass success using standard laboratory and statistical *** pH showed a compensatory shift toward the HC pH(7.2)in all soils over the course of the *** example,the pH of the medium grained HC treatment for the Chernozem decreased from 7.9 to 7.2 and increased in the Podzol and Gleysol from 5.9 to 6.1 and 4.9 to 5.5,*** nutrient-rich HC(2034±38.3 mg kg^(−1) PO_(4)-P and 2612.5±268.7 mg kg^(−1) K content)provided only a short-term supply of nutrients,due to the relatively easily mineralized fraction of HC,which allowed for quick nutrient *** pH and PO_(4)-P effects were most pronounced in the fine grained HC treatments,with a~87%,~308%and~2500%increase in PO_(4)-P content in the Chernozem,Podzol and Gleysol,respectively,compared to the controls at the beginning of the *** same trend was observed for the K and NH_(4)^(+)content in the fine and medium grained HC treatments in all *** seed germination inhibition of Chinese cabbage was observed,with average germina-tion rates>50%in all *** effect on NO_(3)^(−)content was indeterminable,while there was little to no effect on biom

关键词： Hydrochar Soil improvement Grain size Plant available nutrients

An investigation of the effects of hydrochar application rate on soil amelioration and plant growth in three diverse soils

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Biochar 2021年第3期3卷 349-365页

作者： Megan de Jager Luise Giani Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Institut Für Biologie Und UmweltwissenschaftenOldenburgGermany

The hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of biogas digestate alters the raw materials inherent characteristics to produce a carbon(C)-rich hydrochar(HC),with an improved suitability for soil *** studies report conflicting impacts of various HC application rates on soil properties and plant *** this study,the influence of HC application rate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects was investigated in three diverse soils(Chernozem,Podzol,and Gleysol).Pot trials were conducted in which all soils were amended with 5,10,20 and 30%(w/w)HC in quintuplicate,with two controls of pure soil(with and without plants,respectively)also *** to potting,soil samples were collected from all HC-amended soils and controls and analyzed for soil pH,plant available nutrients(PO4-P and K),and microbial activity using standard laboratory and statistical *** after potting,a 6-week seed germination experiment using Chinese cabbage was conducted to determine germination success,followed by a plant growth experiment of equal duration and plant species to determine biomass *** the end of the study(after a total plant growth period of 12 weeks),each pot was sampled and comparatively analyzed for the same soil properties as at the beginning of the *** pH shifted toward the pH of the HC(6.6)in all soils over the course of the study,but was most expressed in the 20%and 30%application rates,confirming the well-documented liming effect of *** addition of HC increased the PO4-P and K contents,particularly with 20%and 30%HC *** results are proposedly due to the large labile C fraction of the HC,which is easily degradable by *** rapid decomposition of this C fraction prompted the quick release of the HCs inherently high PO4-P and K content into the soil,and in turn,further stimulated microbial activity,until this fraction was essentially *** addition did not inhibit seed germination at any rate,presumabl

关键词： Biogas digestate Hydrochar application rate Soil improvement Nutrient availability Microbial activity

The stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 315-326页

作者： Megan de Jager frank Schröter Michael Wark Luise Giani institut für biologie und Umweltwissenschaften Carl Von Ossietzky Univer-sitätOldenburgGermany institut für Chemie Carl Von Ossietzky UniversitätOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC)produced by the hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of typically wet biomass is generally considered to be less effective for carbon(C)sequestration in soils compared to biochar(BC)by pyrolysis,due to a higher content of more easily decomposable *** the recalcitrance of HC is suggested to improve with increasing HTC production temperature,the way it interacts and becomes associated with soil organic matter(SOM)fractions of different stabilities against decomposition,may also influence its effectiveness for C sequestration in *** that respect,this study aimed to verify the potential of HCs from maize silage produced at different HTC temperatures(190,210 and 230℃)for C sequestration in a HC-amended sandy loam *** do this,we conducted a pot trial experiment and traced the fate of HC-derived C(HC-C)within different SOM fractions,namely the free-and occluded particulate organic matter(POMf and POMO,respectively)fractions and that comprising organic matter(OM)bound to clays(OMCl).Approx.1 year after applying 5%of the different HTC temperature HCs to the soil,the SOM fractions were isolated by density fractionation for each HC treatment(HC190,HC210 and HC230)and the control(absent of HC).All fractions and the HCs were analyzed for organic C(OC)content and isotopic signatures(δ^(13)C).from the δ^(13)C signatures,the amount of HC-C and native soil organic carbon(SOC)within each fraction was *** C contents and decreased H/C and O/C ratios were observed with increasing HTC production temperatures,which sug-gests a lower stability for the low temperature *** ca.1 year,a loss of~20-23%of the bulk soil TOC was found in the HC-amended *** POMf fraction of the HC-amended soils showed losses of 68-81%HC-C and 52-72%native SOC,which may be due to a positive priming effect caused by HC *** POM_(O) and OM_(Cl) fractions of the HC-amended soils contained more OC than the control,indicating the integration of HC-C together wi

关键词： Hydrochar Carbon sequestration Carbon stabilization Soil organic matter fractions Soil density fractionation δ^(13)C analysis

Isotopic labelling experiments and enzymatic preparation of iso-casbenes with casbene synthase from ricinus communis

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Organic Chemistry frontiers 2022年第3期9卷 795-801页

作者： Heng Li Jeroen S.Dickschat Kekulé-institut für Organische Chemie und biochemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121 BonnGermany

Isotopic labelling experiments gave insights into the enzyme mechanism of casbene synthase from ricinus communis,showing a clear stereochemical course for the cyclisation reaction,in agreement with the reported absolute configuration of *** oligoprenyl diphosphate analogs with shifted double bonds were synthesised and enzymatically converted with casbene synthase to yield casbene isomers.

关键词： enzymatic isomers bonds

Neuronspezifische　Enolase　（NSE）：　ein　Serummarker　der　klinischen　Progression　für　maligne　metastasierte　Melanome

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 1995年第1期15卷 19-25页

作者：郭华北 Abteilung für Klinische biochemie Bengbu Medizinische Institut Bengbu institut für Klinische biochemie der Universität Bonn Deutschland

Die Serumkonzentration der neuronspezifischen Enolase(NSE)wurde bei 126 Patienten mit malignem Melanom(MM,Stadium Ⅰ/Ⅱ:n=80;Stadium Ⅲ:n=23;Stadium Ⅳ:n=23)radioimmunologisch *** NSEKonzentrationen(Schwellenwert:>12,5μg/L)fanden sich bei 12,5% der Patienten mit MM im Stadium Ⅰ/Ⅱ,13,0% im Stadium Ⅲ und bei 39,1% im Stadium Ⅳ.In der Langzeit-Verlaufskontrolle bei 20 Patienten im Stadium Ⅲ/Ⅳ zeigte die NSESerumkonzentration eine Ubereinstimmung mit der *** 6 Patienten zeigte sich unter der Therapie ein Abfall erhohter NSE-Werte als Zeichen einer *** Ausbleiben eines signifikanten Abfalls oder gar ein Asstieg wies in 86,7%(13/15)der falle auf eine Tumorprogression *** signifikanter Anstieg von NSE wurde bei 6 Patienten prdfinal *** laβt sich folgern,daβ NSE fur die Primardiagnostik des malignen Melanoms aufgrund der niedrigen Sensitivitatat als Tumormarker ungeeignet ist;jedoch erscheint eine NSE-Bestimmung bei Patienten mit malignem Melanom im rahmen einer Verlaufskontrolle sinnvoll.

关键词： Malignes Melanom NSE Serum-Tumormarker

Characterization and mode of action analysis of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larva-derived hemocytes

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1071-1095页

作者： Yvette M.von Bredow Ariane Müller Philipp f.Popp Denis Iliasov Christoph-rüdiger von Bredow Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Institut für Allgemeine Zoologie und EntwicklungsbiologieZelluläre Erkennungs-und AbwehrprozesseGießenGermany Technische Universität Dresden Fakultät BiologieInstitut für ZoologieDresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden Fakultät BiologieInstitut für MikrobiologieDresdenGermany Present address:Philipp f.Popp Institute for Biology-Bacterial PhysiologyHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany

With the growing importance of the black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)for both sustainable food production and waste management as well as for science,a great demand of understanding its immune system ***,we present the first description of the circulating larval hemocytes with special emphasis on uptake of microorganisms and distinguishing hemocyte *** histological,zymographic,and cytometric methods and with a set of hemocyte binding lectins and antibodies,the hemocytes of *** are identified as plasmatocytes,crystal cells,and putative *** hemocyte counts(THC)are determined,and methods for THC determination are *** 1100 hemocytes per microliter hemolymph are present in naive animals,while hemocyte density decreases dramatically shortly after wounding,indicating a role of hemocytes in response to wounding(and immune response in general).The determination of the relative abundance of each hemocyte type(differential hemocyte count,DHC)revealed that plasmatocytes are highly abundant,whereas prohemocytes and crystal cells make up only a small percentage of the circulating *** are not only the most abundant but also the professional phagocytes in *** rapidly engulf and take up bacteria both in vivo and in vitro,indicating a very potent cellular defense against invading *** bioparticles such as yeasts are also removed from circulation by phagocytosis,but slower than *** is the first analysis of the potent cellular immune response in the black soldier fly,and a first toolbox that helps to identify hemocyte(types)is presented.

关键词： black soldier fly(Hermetia ilucens) cellular immunity crystal cell hemocyte types immunity of economically imporant insects microbe phagoeytosis plasmatocyte

The Tip60/Ep400 chromatin remodeling complex impacts basic cellular functions in cranial neural crest-derived tissue during early orofacial development

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International Journal of Oral Science 2023年第2期15卷 241-254页

作者： Sebastian Gehlen-Breitbach Theresa Schmid franziska frob Gabriele rodrian Matthias Weider Michael Wegner Lina Gölz institut für biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universit?t Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermanyand Zahnklinik 3-Kieferorthopodie Universitotsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universitot Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

The cranial neural crest plays a fundamental role in orofacial development and ***,mutations with impact on the cranial neural crest and its development lead to orofacial malformations such as cleft lip and *** a pluripotent and dynamic cell population,the cranial neural crest undergoes vast transcriptional and epigenomic alterations throughout the formation of facial structures pointing to an essential role of factors regulating chromatin state or transcription levels.

关键词： neural functions alterations

Quantum model simulations of attosecond electron diffraction

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第6期53卷 987-1004页

作者： Peter BAUM Jrn MANZ Axel SCHILD Max-Planck-institute of Quantum Optics and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt München freie Universitt Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie

Ultrafast diffraction with free attosecond electron pulses promises insight into the four-dimensional motion of charge density inatoms,molecules and condensed matter. Here we consider the quantum dynamics of the electron-electron scattering process on anattosecond time scale. By numerically solving the time-dependent two-electron Schrdinger equation,we investigate the interactionof an incoming keV-range electron wavepacket by the bound electron of an aligned H+2 molecule,using a one-dimensional *** findings reveal the ratio of elastic to inelastic contributions,the role of exchange interaction,and the influence of the molecularelectron density to diffraction. Momentum transfer during the scattering process,from the incoming to the bound electron mediatedby the nuclei,leaves the bound electron in a state of coherent oscillation with attosecond recurrences. Entanglement causes relatedstate-selective oscillations in the phase shift of the scattered electron. Two scenarios of distinguishable and indistinguishable freeand bound electrons yield equivalent results,irrespective of the electronic spins. This suggests to employ the scenario of distinguishable electrons,which is computationally less demanding. Our findings support the possibility of using electron diffraction forimaging the motion of charge density,but also suggest the application of free electron pulses for inducing attosecond dynamics.

关键词： ultrafast electron diffraction scattering theory attosecond dynamics entanglement coherence

Mangrove derived fungal endophytes–a chemical and biological perception

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fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 1-27页

作者： Abdessamad Debbab Amal H.Aly Peter Proksch Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und BiotechnologieUniversitätsstr.1Geb.26.2340225 DüsseldorfGermany

The potential of mangrove-derived endophytic fungi as a promising source of diverse and structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products is unquestionable and continues to attract considerable *** review highlights new bioactive mangrove fungal metabolites and known compounds with hitherto unreported biological activities described during the last 10 *** compounds are categorized according to their reported biological activities,including cytotoxic,anti-infective,in addition to a wide range of miscellaneous activities such as protein kinase,αglucosidase,acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities,as well as antiangiogenic and neovascularisation effects,radical scavenging,DNA-binding affinity,and calcium and potassium channel blocking activity.

关键词： fungi Endophytes Mangroves Bioactive natural products