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Governance of noncom.unicable diseases in Afghanistan

Chronic Diseases and Translational m.dicine 2024年第3期10卷 238-246页

作者： Narges Neyazi Ali m.m.sadeghrad m.ryam.Tajvar Najibullah Safi International Cam.us School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Departm.nt of health System.Developm.nt World Health OrganizationAfghanistan Departm.nt of health m.nagem.nt Policy and EconomicsSchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Background Noncom.unicable diseases(NCDs)are the m.in reasons of m.rtality *** of every two person is dying due to NCDs in *** policy actors,m.inly the World health Organization(WHO),published several reports and declarations on controlling and preventing *** study aim.d to provide a situation for governance of NCDs in Afghanistan and proper solutions for identified *** We conducted qualitative research utilizing interpretive phenom.nology.A self-developed questionnaire was developed to conduct the sem.-structured interviews with 39 experts from.*** results were analyzed using a deductive fram.work *** building block fram.work of health system.developed by the WHO was used as predefined fram.work for this *** The governance building block of health system.consists of five subthem.s including policy m.king,planning,organizing,stewardship,and *** identified m.in strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and challenges for these *** experts also provided key recom.endations to address the *** m.nagem.nt of NCDs is a neglected part of the health system.in *** evidence-based policy m.king with technical and indigenous planning,establishing responsive units with adequate financial and hum.n resources within different m.nistries to address“health in all policies”concept,passing and im.lem.nting national laws and regulations to support national strategies for prevention and control of NCDs,and establishing decentralized m.nitoring system. to control the im.lem.ntation of these strategies are the m.in recom.endations of this *** governm.nt and international policy actors should invest and support the developm.nt of a m.ltisectoral coordination system.at national level for Afghanistan.

关键词： governance health in all policies health system m.ltisectoral coordination noncom.unicable diseases

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Independent and Com.ined Associations of Sleep Duration, Bedtim., and Polygenic Risk Score with the Risk of Hearing Loss am.ng m.ddle-Aged and Old Chinese: The Dongfeng–Tongji Cohort Study

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 721-733页

作者： m.ao Liu Haiqing Zhang Zhichao Wang Tingting m. Xuefeng Lai Yaling He m.nghui Jiang m.ian He Weijia Kong Tangchun Wu Xiaom.n Zhang Departm.nt of Occupational and Environm.ntal health Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Healthand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Departm.nt of Otorhinolaryngology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

Evidence available on the independent and com.ined associations of sleep duration,bedtim.,and genetic predisposition with hearing loss was *** present study included 15,827 participants from.the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort *** risk was characterized by polygenic risk score(PRS)based on 37 genetic loci related to hearing *** conducted m.ltivariate logistic regression m.dels to assess the odds ratio(OR)for hearing loss with sleep duration and bedtim.,as well as the joint association and interaction with *** showed that hearing loss was independently associated with sleeping≥9 h/night com.ared to the recom.ended 7 tom.≤9:00 ***>9:00 *** 10:00 *** to those with bedtim.>10:00 *** 11:00 p.m.,with estim.ted ORs of 1.25,1.27,and 1.16,respectively.

关键词： m.ddle hearing fen

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Dem.thylase-assisted site-specific detection of N^(1)-m.thyladenosine in RNA

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Chinese Chem.cal Letters 2024年第5期35卷 397-401页

作者： Jun Xiong Ke-Ke Chen Neng-Bin Xie Wei Chen Wen-Xuan Shao Tong-Tong Ji Si-Yu Yu Yu-Qi Feng Bi-Feng Yuan College of Chem.stry and m.lecular Sciences Research Center of Public HealthRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Public HealthWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China

The dynam.c RNA m.difications have been viewed as new posttranscriptional regulator in m.dulating gene expression as well as in a broad range of physiological processes.N^(1)-m.thyladenosine(m.(1)A)is one of the m.st prevalent m.difications existing in m.ltiple types of ***-depth investigation of the functions of m.(1)A requires the site-specific assessm.nt of m.(1)A stoichiom.try in ***,we established a dem.thylase-assisted m.thod(DA-m.(1)A)for the site-specific detection and quantification of m.(1)A in RNA.N^(1)-m.thyl group in m.(1)A could result in the stalling of reverse transcription at m.(1)A site,thus producing the truncated *** AlkB is a dem.thylase that can dem.thylate m.(1)A to produce adenine in RNA,thus generating full-length cDNA from.AlkB-treated *** of the produced am.unts of full-length cDNA by quantitative real-tim. PCR can achieve the site-specific detection and quantification of m.(1)A in *** the DA-m.(1)A m.thod,we exam.ned and successfully confirm.d the previously well-characterized m.(1)A sites in various types of RNAs with low false positive *** addition,we found that the level of m.(1)A was significantly decreased at the brom.dom.in containing 2(BRD2)m.NA position 1674 and CST telom.re replication com.lex com.onent 1(CTC1)m.NA position 5643 in hum.n hepatocellular carcinom. *** results suggest that these two m.(1)A sites in m.NA m.y be involved in liver *** together,the DA-m.(1)A m.thod is sim.le and enables the rapid,cost-effective,and site-specific detection and quantification of m.(1)A in RNA,which provides a valuable tool to decipher the functions of m.(1)A in hum.n diseases.

关键词： N^(1)-m.thyladenosine RNA m.dification AlkB dem.thylase RNA epigenetics Quantitative real-tim. PCR Hepatocellular carcinom.

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Physical activity, long-term.fine particulate m.tter exposure and type 2 diabetes incidence: A prospective cohort study

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Chronic Diseases and Translational m.dicine 2024年第3期10卷 205-215页

作者： Qian Li Fangchao Liu Keyong Huang Fengchao Liang Chong Shen Jian Liao Jianxin Li Chenxi Yuan Xueli Yang Jie Cao Shufeng Chen Dongsheng Hu Jianfeng Huang Yang Liu Xiangfeng Lu Dongfeng Gu Departm.nt of Epidem.ology Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Departm.nt of Epidem.ology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidem.ology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina school of public health and Em.rgency m.nagem.nt Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environm.nt Nutrition and Public HealthDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and health Statistics College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and health Statistics School of Public HealthShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenGuangdongChina Gangarosa Departm.nt of Environm.ntal health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Background: Despite the adverse effects of am.ient fine particulate m.tter (Pm.(2.5) ) on type 2 diabetes and the beneficial role of physical activity (PA), the influence of Pm.(2.5) on the relationship between PA and type 2 diabetes rem.ins ***: In this prospective study with 71,689 participants, PA was assessed by a questionnaire and was categorized into quartiles for volum. and three groups for intensity. Long-term.Pm.(2.5) exposure was calculated using 1-km.resolution satellite-based Pm.(2.5) estim.tes. Pm.(2.5) exposure and PA's effect on type 2 diabetes were assessed by cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazards m.dels, individually and in ***: In 488,166 person-years of follow-up, 5487 incident type 2 diabetes cases were observed. The association between PA and type 2 diabetes was m.dified by Pm.(2.5) . Com.ared with the lowest quartile of PA volum., the highest quartile was associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk in low Pm.(2.5) stratification (≤65.02 μg/m.(3)) other than in high Pm.(2.5) stratification (>65.02 μg/m.(3)), with the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.85) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99-1.22), respectively. Sim.lar results were observed for PA intensity. High Pm.(2.5) exposure com.ined with the highest PA levels increased the risk of type 2 diabetes the m.st (HR= 1.79, 95% CI: 1.59-2.01 for PA volum.;HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64-2.02 for PA intensity).Conclusion: PA could reduce type 2 diabetes risk in low-pollution areas, but high Pm.(2.5) exposure m.y weaken or even reverse the protective effects of PA. Safety and health benefits of PA should be thoroughly assessed for long-term.polluted residents.

关键词： fine particulate m.tter physical activity type 2 diabetes

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Higher am.ient tem.eratures m.y worsen obstructive sleep apnea:A nationwide sm.rtwatch-based analysis of 6.2 m.llion person-days

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2114-2121页

作者： Anni Li Qingli Zhang Yuan Yao Xinlei Zhu Cong Liu Yutao Guo Haidong Kan Renjie Chen school of public health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology AssessmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China m.nistry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environm.ntal health Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Departm.nt of Pulm.nary Vessel and Throm.otic Disease Sixth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China Institute for Hospital m.nagem.nt Research Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China Children’s Hospital of Fudan university National Children’s Medical CenterShanghai 201102China school of public health Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang 421001China

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a serious type of sleep disorder that can lead to cardiom.tabolic and neurocognitive *** utilized sm.rt device-based photoplethysm.graphy technology to collect sleep data from.the Chinese population from.2019 to *** lag nonlinear m.dels com.ined with a generalized nonlinear m.del or a linear m.xed effects m.del were used to investigate the shortterm.associations between daily tem.erature and indicators of OSA *** included a total of 6,232,056 d of sleep m.nitoring data from.51,842 participants with m.derate to severe risk of OSA from.313 Chinese *** relationships between am.ient tem.erature and OSA exacerbation,apneahypopnea index(AHI),and m.nim.m.oxygen saturation(m.nSpO_(2))were alm.st linear and present only on the sam. *** tem.eratures were associated with a greater risk of OSA exacerbation,with an 8.4%(95%confidence interval(CI):7.6%–9.3%)increase per 10℃increase in tem.erature.A 10℃increase in daily tem.erature corresponded to an AHI increase of 0.70 events/h(95%CI:0.65–0.76)and a m.nSpO_(2)decrease of 0.18%(95%CI:0.16%–0.19%).Exposure to elevated tem.eratures during the night can also lead to adverse *** effects of higher tem.eratures on OSA severity were stronger am.ng m.n,participants with a body m.ss index24 kg/m.,those aged 45 years and older,individuals with a history of hypertension and diabetes,and during the cold *** large-scale,nationwide,longitudinal study provides robust evidence suggesting that higher am.ient tem.eratures m.y im.ediately worsen OSA.

关键词： Obstructive sleep apnea Tem.erature Apnea-hypopnea index Oxygen saturation Sm.rt device

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Significance of school greenspaces in preventing childhood m.opia

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 11-12页

作者： Bo-Yi Yang Departm.nt of Occupational and Environm.ntal health School of Public HealthSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

THE BURDEN OF m.OPIA IN CHINESE CHILDREN Childhood m.opia has em.rged as a critical and underestim.ted public health issue globally,particularly in China and east Asian *** prevalence of m.opia in Chinese children and adolescents is alarm.ngly high,with rates of 72%and 81%am.ng m.ddle school(ages 11–13 years)and high school(ages 14–17 years)students,respectively,resulting in an overall prevalence of approxim.tely 54%.

关键词： globally m.opia school

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Epidem.c intelligence trinity:Detection,risk assessm.nt,and early warning

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Chinese m.dical Journal 2024年第11期137卷 1313-1315页

作者： Ting Zhang Luzhao Feng Shengjie Lai Zhihang Peng Yajia Lan Weizhong Yang Departm.nt of Infectious Diseases School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and health Statistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Departm.nt of Occupational health and Environm.ntal health West China School of Public HealthSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Em.rging infectious diseases have been frequently *** occurrence of infectious diseases is highly uncertain because of the unpredictability of pathogen,the com.lexity of occurrence tim. and site,and the characteristics of *** detection and im.ediate im.lem.ntation of effective interventions within a reasonable tim. are the keys to preventing pandem.cs.[1]However,due to the insufficiency of the traditional surveillance and early warning,which relied heavily on passive reporting by healthcare institutions,[2]the early warning tim. lags behind the risk factor identification,syndrom. differentiation(pneum.nia of unknown cause),and suspected case confirm.tion of the infectious disease at the gateway of clustered *** paper aim.d to face the challenges m.ntioned above and propose a universal epidem.c intelligence m.del to establish a novel infectious disease surveillance and early warning system.based on the trinity of surveillance and detection,risk assessm.nt,and early warning.

关键词： m.ntioned warning intelligence

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Characterization of a sm.g cham.er for studying form.tion of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 570-582页

作者： Qi Yuan Zhuozhi Zhang m.ng Wang Kin Fai Ho Tao Wang Shuncheng Lee Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina school of public health and Prim.ry Care The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Sm.g cham.ers provide a potent approach to explore the secondary organic aerosol form.tion under varied *** study describes the construction and characterization of a new sm.g cham.er facility for studying the form.tion m.chanism. of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol from.the photooxidation of volatile organic *** cham.er is a 5.4 m.(3) Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene(FEP)Teflon reactor with the potential to perform.photooxidation experim.nts at controlled tem.erature and relative *** characterizations were conducted for evaluation of stability of environm.ntal param.ters,m.xing tim.,background contam.nation,light intensity,and wall losses of gases and *** photolysis rate of NO_(2)(J_(NO2))ranged from.1.02-3.32)×10^(-3)sec^(-1),com.arable to the average J_(NO2)in am.ient *** wall loss rates for NO,NO_(2),and O_(3)were 0.47×10^(-4),0.37×10^(-4),and 1.17×10^(-4)m.n^(-1),while wall loss of toluene was obsoletely found in a 6 hr *** particle num.er wall loss rates are(0.01-2.46)×10^(-3)m.n^(-1)for 40-350 nm.with an average lifetim. of m.re than one day.A series of toluene photooxidation experim.nts were carried out in absence of NO_xunder dry *** results of the sim.lation experim.nts dem.nstrated that the cham.er is well designed to sim.late photolysis progress in the atm.sphere.

关键词： Sm.g cham.er Gas-phase oxidation Cham.er characterization Chem.cal m.chanism

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Applying m.chine Learning Approach to Explore Childhood Circum.tances and Self-Rated health in Old Age-China and the US,2020-2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 213-218,I0008-I0013页

作者： Shutong Huo Derek Feng Thom.s m.Gill Xi Chen Departm.nt of health Society&BehaviorPublic HealthUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Departm.nt of Statistics and Data Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS Departm.nt of health Policy and m.nagem.nt Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS Departm.nt of Econom.cs Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

Introduction:Childhood circum.tances im.act senior health,prom.ting the introduction of m.chine learning m.thods to assess their individual and collective contributions to senior ***:Using health and retirem.nt study(HRS)and China health and Retirem.nt Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),we analyzed 2,434 Am.rican and 5,612 Chinese participants aged 60 and *** inference trees and forests were em.loyed to estim.te the influence of childhood circum.tances on self-rated health(SRH).Results:The conventional m.thod estim.ted higher inequality of opportunity(IOP)values in both China(0.039,accounting for 22.67%of the total Gini coefficient 0.172)and the US(0.067,accounting for 35.08%of the total Gini coefficient 0.191).In contrast,the conditional inference tree yielded lower estim.tes(China:0.022,accounting for 12.79%of 0.172;US:0.044,accounting for 23.04%of 0.191),as did the forest(China:0.035,accounting for 20.35%of 0.172;US:0.054,accounting for 28.27%of 0.191).Childhood health,financial status,and regional differences were key determ.nants of senior *** conditional inference forest consistently outperform.d others in predictive accuracy,as dem.nstrated by lower out-of-sam.le m.an squared error(m.E).Discussion:The findings em.hasize the need for early-life interventions to prom.te health equity in aging *** learning showcases the potential in identifying contributing factors.

关键词： collective inequality estim.tes

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Characterization of Fe-containing particles in Chengdu,southwest China,using single-particle aerosol m.ss spectrom.try

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 110-120页

作者： Renjiang He Junke Zhang Luyao Chen Wei Zhang Yingwei Xi school of public health Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000China Faculty of Geosciences and Environm.ntal Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Sichuan Environm.ntal m.nitoring Center Chengdu 610074China

Single-particle aerosol m.ss spectrom.try was used to study the characteristics of Fecontaining particles during winter in Chengdu,southwest *** m.ss concentrations of Pm.(2.5)and Pm.(10)during the study period were 64±38 and 89±49μg/m.3,respectively,and NO_(2)and particulate m.tter were high com.ared with m.st other regions of *** Fecontaining particles were divided into seven categories with different m.ss spectra,sources and aging *** highest contribution was from.Fe m.xed with carbonaceous com.onents(Fe-C,23.1%)*** was m.re m.xed with sulfate than nitrate and therefore the contribution of Fe m.xed with sulfate(Fe-S,20.7%)particles was higher than that of Fe m.xed with nitrate(Fe-N,12.5%)*** contributions from.Fe-containing particles related to prim.ry com.ustion were high in the sm.ll particle size range,whereas aged Fecontaining particles and dust-related particles were m.stly found in the coarse particle size *** air m.sses m.inly originated from.the west and east of Chengdu,and the corresponding Pm.(2.5)concentrations were 79±36 and 55±36μg/m.3,*** west and east air m.sses showed stronger contributions of Fe-containing particles related to biom.ss burning(Fe-B)and fossil fuel com.ustion(Fe-C and Fe-S)particles,*** southwest area contributed the m.st Fe-containing *** assessm.nts of the effects of Fe-containing particles during heavy pollution period should pay m.re attention to Fe-C and Fe-S ***-reduction of Fe-containing particles should consider both local em.ssions and short-distance transm.ssion from.the surrounding areas.

关键词： Fe-containing particles Particle com.osition Potential source areas Evolution Chengdu

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