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Role of the clinical immunology laboratory in disease monitoring

World Journal of immunology 2013年第2期3卷 18-30页

作者： John Maher Department of immunology Barnet and Chase Farm NHS Trust Barnet Hertfordshire EN5 3DJ United Kingdom King’s College London King’s Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre Department of Research Oncology Guy’s Hospital Campus London SE1 9RT United Kingdom Department of Clinical immunology and Allergy King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Denmark Hill London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Immunological investigations provide useful informa-tion to guide diagnosis of several disorders. Many such tests are also commonly repeated at intervals, in an effort to facilitate disease monitoring. In general how-ever, immunology test results are often slow to alter. Furthermore, audit activity has indicated that repeated testing accounts for a substantial workload in many immunology services, which may waste resources and compromise the effcient completion of necessary tests. Consequently, the need and appropriate mini-mum interval between repeated testing requires critical evaluation. In this review, the clinical utility of repeat-ed performance of several common immunology inves-tigations has been evaluated, based upon published evidence. In some cases （ e.g. , paraprotein quantifca-tion, or measurement of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies）, repeated testing provides vital clinical information and can be justifed on a frequent and individualized basis. However, many other investi-gations provided by immunology services provide less valuable information when used to aid disease moni-toring rather than diagnosis. It is hoped that the data summarized here will facilitate a more evidence-based approach to repeated testing. Such information may also assist with the local implementation of demand management strategies based upon setting of mini-mum retesting intervals for these investigations.

关键词： Clinical immunology Immune monitoring Retest Test interval

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Progress in gut microbiota-host interaction

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 851-853页

作者： Changtao Jiang Department of immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Recently,the gut microbiota has been recognized as a novel endocrine organ in the human *** produces various bioactive metabolites and participates in metabolic *** addition,the gut microbiota is involved in the metab... 详细信息

关键词： metabolism drugs processes

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Identification of gene classifier and modules associated with SARS-CoV-2 ARI in nasal swab

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 38-41页

作者： Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy Athira S.Raj Himanshu Kumar Department of Biological Sciences Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease BiologyIndian Institute of Science Education and Research(llSER)BhopalBhopalMP 462066India laboratory of Host Defense WPl ImmunologyFrontier ResearchCentreOsakaUniversityOsaka 5650871Japan

During a sudden viral pandemic,where the pathogenesis and nature of the infection are unclear,early and accurate identification of the patients infected with the pandemiccausing pathogen is crucial to prevent excess *** the coronavirus disease 2019(COvID-19)pandemic,early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is limited by the incidence of the symptoms that are shared with acute respiratory illnesses(ARl)caused by other pathogens.

关键词： acute diagnosis respiratory

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Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing *** challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt Eric Cox laboratory of immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium laboratory for immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(***)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema *** used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial *** antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being *** has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic *** strains,both in vitro and in *** We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned ***,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing ***(STEC)***,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STEC *** did not affect theα-andβ-***,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal *** analysing the immune response upon infection,the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF *** Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned ***,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut ***,bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

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DNA methylation profiles in cancer:functions,therapy,and beyond

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 111-116页

作者： Jinrong Zhu Yongjie Yang Li Li Jiuren Tang Rongxin Zhang laboratory of immunology and Inflammation School of Life Sciences and BiopharmaceuticsGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

DNA methylation in cancer DNA methylation,a reversible post-replication modification,defines gene expression and function in different physiologic *** is quite common among global DNA modifications,while promoter hypermethylation often occurs in local regions during cancer,as in CpG island formation,thereby perpetuating the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.

关键词： cancer suppressor thereby

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Joint deletion of multifunctional MGF505-7R and H240R genes generates a safe and effective African swine fever virus attenuated live vaccine candidate

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 355-357页

作者： Changjiang Weng Li Huang Guangqiang Ye Division of Fundamental immunology National African Swine Fever Para-reference LaboratoryState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China Heilongjiang Provincial Key laboratory of Veterinary immunology Harbin 150069China

African swine fever(ASF)caused by the ASF virus(ASFV)is a highly contagious disease of pigs and wild ***,there are no safe,effective commercial vaccines *** genome of ASFV HLJ/18 contains more than 180 genes,including a few virulence-related *** these key virulence genes through individual deletion and subsequent pathogenicity testing in pigs is a laborious *** addition,some ASFV genes are indispensable for viral replication and cannot be *** the past 30 years,scientists have confirmed that certain ASFV genes particularly those host antiviral innate immune responses,are associated with the virulence of ASFV *** knockout of these genes does not impact viral replication,it does attenuate the virulence of ASFV in *** immunized with these live attenuated vaccine candidates can provide partial or complete *** on these findings,we propose a new concept that ASFV immunomodulatory genes involved in type I interferon(IFN)production,IFN-JAK-STAT signaling,inflammatory responses,cell death(involved in apoptosis,necrosis,and pyroptosis),and autophagy may be related to the pathogenicity of *** unbiased screening may identify more ASFV immunomodulatory or multifunctional genes,simplifying the confirmation of ASFV virulence-related *** line with these theories,we have identified MGF505-7R and H240R as key virulence genes determining the pathogenicity of the ASFV HLJ/18 *** of MGF505-7R,H240R alone or both attenuate the virulence of ASFV HLJ/18 in pigs,providing a paradigm for developing attenuated live vaccines from basic research results.

关键词： attenuated fever swine

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Eosinophils promote CD8+ T cell memory generation to potentiate anti-bacterial immunity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1230-1243页

作者： Jun Zhou Jiaqi Liu Bingjing Wang Nan Li Juan Liu Yanmei Han Xuetao Cao Institute of immunology Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China National Key laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation Institute of ImmunologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of immunology Center for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China Institute of immunology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Memory CD8+T cell generation is crucial for pathogen elimination and effective vaccination against *** cellular and molecular circuitry that underlies the generation of memory CD8+T cells remains *** can modulate inflammatory allergic responses and interact with lymphocytes to regulate their functions in immune *** we report that eosinophils are required for the generation of memory CD8+T cells by inhibiting CD8+T cell ***-deficient mice display significantly impaired memory CD8+T cell response and weakened resistance against Listeria monocytogenes(L.m.)***,eosinophils secrete interleukin-4(IL-4)to inhibit JNK/Caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of CD8+T cells upon *** in ***,active eosinophils are recruited into the spleen and secrete more IL-4 to suppress CD8+T cell apoptosis during early stage of *** in *** transfer of wild-type(WT)eosinophils but not IL-4-deficient eosinophils into eosinophil-deficient mice could rescue the impaired CD8+T cell memory ***,our findings suggest that eosinophil-derived IL-4 promotes the generation of CD8+T cell memory and enhances immune defense against *** study reveals a new adjuvant role of eosinophils in memory T cell generation and provides clues for enhancing the vaccine potency via targeting eosinophils and related cytokines.

关键词： impaired immunity spleen

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Decreased LDHB expression in breast tumor cells causes NK cell activation and promotes tumor progression

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第6期21卷 513-540页

作者： Zhihong Luo Xiaohua Huang Xinyi Xu Kefeng Wei Yi Zheng Ke Gong Wenhua Li Hubei Key laboratory of Cell Homeostasis College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Central laboratory University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518107China Hubei Province Key laboratory of Allergy and immunology and Department of immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China

Objective: Abnormal metabolism is the underlying reason for breast cancer progression. Decreased lactate dehydrogenase B(LDHB) has been detected in breast cancer but the function of LDHB remains ***: Western blot was used to analyze LDHB expression in breast cancer cells. The impact of LDHB on tumor cell migration and invasion was determined using Transwell assays, wound healing assays, and a mouse lung metastasis model. Subcutaneous tumor formation, a natural killer(NK) cell cytotoxicity assay, and flow cytometry evaluated NK cell activation. Immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR detected NK cell activation markers. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated the effect of immune cell infiltration on prognosis. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis determined NK cell activation scores. A support vector machine predicted the role of LDHB in NK cell ***: In this study we showed that LDHB inhibits the breast cancer cell metastasis and orchestrates metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells. Our results revealed that LDHB-mediated lactic acid clearance in breast cancer cells triggers NK cell activation within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings, which were confirmed in a murine model, demonstrated that LDHB in tumor cells promotes NK cell activation and ultimately results in the eradication of malignant cells. Clinically, our study further validated that LDHB affects immune cell infiltration and function. Specifically, its expression has been linked to enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and improved patient survival. Furthermore, we identified LDHB expression in tumors as an important predictor of NK cell activation, with strong predictive ability in some ***: Our results suggest that LDHB is a promising target for activating the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer, where LDHB-associated lactic acid clearance leads to increased NK cell activity. This study highlights the critical role of LDHB in regula

关键词： Breast cancer lactate dehydrogenase B lactic acid NK cells tumor immunity

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Not to be and how not to be:the questions of Tregs controlled by RIPK1

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2024年第2期21卷 205-206页

作者： Zhengcai Peng Huiyuan Zhang Hongbo Hu Center for immunology and Hematology Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Chongqing International Institute for immunology Chongqing401338China

Millions of cells undergo daily cell death,a process essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis and *** forms of cell death,such as apoptosis,necroptosis,ferroptosis and pyroptosis,have been extensively studied for their distinct biological functions[1,2].Generally,programmed cell death,like apoptosis,is considered physiological and results in little to no inflammatory response.

关键词： death homeostasis pathogenesis

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Ancient dormant virus remnant ERVW-1 drives ferroptosis via degradation of GPX4 and SLC3A2 in schizophrenia

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 31-43页

作者： Dongyan Zhang Xiulin Wu Xing Xue Wenshi Li Ping Zhou Zhao Lv Kexin Zhao Fan Zhu State Key laboratory of Virology and Department of Medical Microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Hubei Province Key laboratory of Allergy&immunology Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China

Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years *** these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of the HERV-W family,which contributes to the pathophysiology of ***,neuropathological studies have revealed cell death and disruption of iron homeostasis in the brains of individuals with ***,our bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)were mainly related to ferroptosis and its associated *** data demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes,particularly Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2),in schizophrenia patients compared to normal *** in-depth analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between ERVW-1 expression and the levels of GPX4/SLC3A2 in *** indicated that ERVW-1 increased iron levels,malondialdehyde(MDA),and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1)expression while decreasing glutathione(GSH)levels and triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,suggesting that ERVW-1 can induce *** research has shown that ERVW-1 reduced the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2 by inhibiting their promoter ***,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),the ferroptosis inhibitor,reversed the iron accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss,as well as restored the expressions of ferroptosis markers GSH,MDA,and TFR1 induced by *** conclusion,ERVW-1 could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2,revealing a novel mechanism by which ERVW-1 contributes to neuronal cell death in schizophrenia.

关键词： ERVW-1 Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) Solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2) Ferroptosis Schizophrenia

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