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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 179-185页

作者： Xavier Simon Sébastien Bau Denis Bémer Philippe Duquenne Institut National de Recherche et de Securite(inrs)

Widely used bioaerosol generators like Collison nebulizer probably produce electrostatically charged par- ticles, but the electrical charges carried by laboratory-generated airborne microorganisms using bubbling aerosolizers are poorly understood. In this study, we measured the fraction of neutral particles and num- ber of elementary charges per particle as a function of the aerodynamic diameter of airborne bacteria （Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae）. Bioaerosols were produced by a liquid sparging aerosolizer-type bubbling generator, with particle sizes ranging from roughly 0.6 to 2 p^m. The experimental setup included an electrostatic precipitator and real-time devices including an electrometer, aerodynamic particle sizer, and electrical low-pressure impactor. Experimental results obtained for various operating conditions showed that aerosols produced with a higher bubbling airflow contained a larger proportion of neutral particles （from around 30% to 50%） and that bacteria carried a greater average absolute number of elementary charges （from around -10 to -60 elementary units） than those under lower airflow. Under the investigated conditions, a neutralization step is unnecessary because it may have a negative effect on the viability of sensitive microorganisms. Our results suggest that the neutral fraction can be used down- stream of an electrostatic precipitator, and that this setup may have advantages over bipolar neutralizers.

关键词： Bubbling generator Bioaerosol Electrical charge Electrostatic precipitator Escherichia coil Enterococcus hirae

Immunotoxic effects of an industrial waste incineration site on groundwater in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第5期26卷 981-990页

作者： Nadjet Benchalgo Franois Gagn Michel Fournier inrs-Institut Armand-Frappier Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminant Research Division

The discharge of organic waste from the petrochemical industry into the Mercier lagoons caused major groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the immunotoxic potential of three groundwater wells at increasing distance from the incinerator dumping site （1.17, 2.74 and 5.40 km）. Rainbow Trout were exposed to increasing concentrations of water from three groundwater wells for 14 days. Immunocompetence was characterized by phagocytosis, mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis. A significant increase in innate （phagocytosis） and specific immune response （B lymphocyte proliferation） was observed in trout exposed to water collected from the well at 2.74 km. However, phagocytosis activity was suppressed in groups at 1.17 and 5.40 km. The proportion of lymphocytes in S phase was significantly increased in groups at 2.74 and 5.40 kin, while lymphocytes in G0/G1 phase were decreased in all three exposure groups. Additionally, dexamethasone （DEX）-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the group at 2.74 km, which suggests decreased lymphocyte turnover. Furthermore, the ratio of DEX- induced apoptosis/apoptosis was lower in the groups at 2.74 and 5.40 km. In summary, our experiments have shown that exposure to the mixture of organic compounds present in Mercier groundwater modulates phagocytosis and cell proliferation, disrupts the cell cycle and reduces the ratio of DEX- induced apoptosis/apoptosis. It is concluded that groundwater collected in the vicinity of an incinerator containment field could impact immunocompetence in fish.

关键词： groundwater phagocytosis lymphocyte proliferation cell cycle apoptosis rainbow trout

Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 91-99页

作者： Gagne Francois Douville Melanie Fortier Marlene Fournier Michel Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology inrs-Institut Armand-Frappier

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as *** the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence（phagocytosis and nitrite production）, oxidative stress/inflammation（cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation） and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity（metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase）. The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that（1）the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations（〉10%, V/V） were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,（2）the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and（3） the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of *** could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.

关键词： Elliptio complanata Immunocompetence Oxidative stress Inflammation Vibrio anguillarum

Investigation on removal pathways of Di 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate from synthetic municipal wastewater using a submerged membrane bioreactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 37-50页

作者： Mehdi Zolfaghari Patrick Drogui Brahima Seyhi Satinder Kaur Brar Gerardo Buelna Rino Dubé Nouha Klai National Institute of Scientific Research Water Earth and Environment (INRS-ETE) University of Quebec Industrial Research Center of Quebec

Highly hydrophobic Di 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate（DEHP） is one of the most prevalent plasticizers in wastewaters. Since its half-life in biological treatment is around 25 days, it can be used as an efficiency indicator of wastewater treatment plant for the removal of hydrophobic emerging contaminants. In this study, the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor was monitored to understand the effect of DEHP on the growth of aerobic microorganisms. The data showed that the chemical oxygen demand（COD）and ammonia concentration were detected below 10 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively for operating conditions of hydraulic retention time（HRT） = 4 and 6 hr, sludge retention time（SRT） = 140 day and sludge concentration between 11.5 and 15.8 g volatile solid（VS）/L. The removal efficiency of DEHP under these conditions was higher and ranged between 91% and 98%. Results also showed that the removal efficiency of DEHP in biological treatment depended on the concentration of sludge, as adsorption is the main mechanism of its removal. For the submerged membrane bioreactor, the pore size is the pivotal factor for DEHP removal, since it determines the amount of soluble microbial products coming out of the process. Highly assimilated microorganisms increase the biodegradation rate, as 74% of inlet DEHP was biodegraded; however, the concentration of DEHP inside sludge was beyond the discharge limit. Understanding the fate of DEHP in membrane bioreactor,which is one of the most promising and futuristic treatment process could provide replacement for conventional processes to satisfy the future stricter regulations on emerging contaminants.

关键词： Di 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate Submerged membrane bioreactor Removal efficiency Soluble microbial products Toxicity

Low-dimensional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第6期30卷 787-795页

作者： Xin Tong Xinxing Zhan Diane Rawach Zhangsen Chen Gaixia Zhang Shuhui Sun School of Chemistry and Material Science Guizhou Normal University Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique inrs Centre énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications

Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts to facilitate the sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is a key challenge for high-performance fuel cells. Low-dimensional materials have attracted great attention recently because of their unique structure and properties. In this review, the application of zero-dimensional(0 D),one-dimensional(1 D), and two-dimensional(2 D) materials in ORR are discussed and particular attention is given to the relationship between their structure and the ORR activity. Graphene-based materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxide, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanowires, and single-atom ORR catalysts are introduced and classified by their geometric dimension.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction Low-dimensional catalysts Graphene Transition metal dichalcogenides Transition metal oxide Single-atom catalyst

Immunotoxic potential of aeration lagoon effluents for the treatment of domestic and hospital wastewaters in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 781-789页

作者： Francois Gagné Chantale André Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier Fluvial Ecosystem Research Environment Canada Montréal Quebec H2Y 2E7 Canada inrs-Institut Armand-Frappier Laval Québec Canada

Municipal wastewaters are major sources of pollution for the aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some pharmaceutical products and the immunotoxic potential of a municipal wastewater aeration lagoon for the treatment of the domestic wastewaters of a small town with wastewater inputs from a 400-bed hospital complex. Endemic mussels were collected, caged and placed in the final aeration lagoon and at sites 1 km upstream and 1 km downstream of the effluent outfall in the receiving river for a period of 14 days. The results showed that the final aeration lagoon contained high levels of total coliforms, conductivity and low dissolved oxygen （2.9 mg/L） as well as detectable amounts of trimethoprim, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and norfloxacin at concentrations exceeding 50 ng/L. The lagoon effluent was indeed toxic to the mussel specimens, as evidenced by the appearance of mortality after 14 days （10% mortality）, decreased mussel weight-to-shell-length ratio and loss of hemocyte viability. The number of adhering hemocytes, phagocytic activity, total nitrite levels and arachidonic cyclooxygenase activity were significantly higher in mussels placed in the final aeration lagoon. A multivariate analysis also revealed that water pH, conductivity, total coliforms and dissolved oxygen were the endpoints most closely linked with phagocytic activity, the amount of adhering hemocytes and loss of hemocyte viability. In conclusion, exposure of mussels to treated aerated lagoon wastewater is deleterious to freshwater mussels where the immune system is compromised.

关键词： mussels municipal wastewaters immunocompetence inflammation cyclooxygenase activity

Abstraction of informed virtual geographic environments

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2012年第1期15卷 27-36页

作者： Mehdi MEKNI Eau Terre Environnement Center Institut National de Recherche Scientifique(INRS)Quebec CityCanada G1K 9A9

We propose a novel method for the automated generation of virtual geographic environments that allows using geographic information system data to build what we call informed virtual geographic environment(IVGE).The description of an IVGE integrates semantic information expressed using conceptual graphs,a standard knowledge representation *** addition,we propose an abstraction process that uses geometric,topologic,and semantic characteristics of geographic features to build a hierarchical graph-based structure describing this *** IVGE model enables the support of large-scale and complex geographic environment modeling for multiagent geo-simulations in which the agents are situated and with which they interact.

关键词： GIS informed virtual geographic environment(IVGE) abstraction process semantic information

Multi-factor principle for electrolyte additive molecule design for facilitating the development of electrolyte chemistry

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第1期7卷 1-2页

作者： Shuhui Sun Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(inrs)-Center for Energy Materials and TelecommunicationsVarennesQuébec J3X 1S2Canada

When I read the paper“Electrolytes enriched by potassium perfluorinated sulfonates for lithium metal batteries”from *** Ma’s group,which was published in Science Bulletin(***/10.1016/***.2020.09.018),I felt excited as presented a multi-factor principle for applying potassium perfluorinated sulfonates to suppress the dendrite growth and protect the cathode from the viewpoint of electrolyte *** effects of these additives are revealed through experimental results,molecular dynamics simulations and first-principle ***,it involves the influence of additives on Li^(+)solvation structure,solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),Li growth and *** the guidance of the multi-factor principle,every part of the additive molecule should be utilized to regulate *** multifactor principle for electrolyte additive molecule design(EAMD)offers a unique insight on understanding the electrochemical behavior of iontype electrolyte additives on both the Li metal anode and high-voltage *** these regards,I would be delighted to write a highlight for this innovative work and,hopefully,it may raise more interest in the areas of electrolyte additives.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Multi-factor principle Electrolyte additives Dendrite growth suppression Lithium protection

Optimization of trace elements in purified glycerol for microbial lipid and citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第1期1卷 76-89页

作者： Lalit R.Kumar Sravan K.Yellapu R.D.Tyagi Patrick Drogui inrs-ETE 490Rue de la CouronneQuebecQC G1K 9A9Canada

Purified glycerol obtained after acid treatment of crude glycerol solution was used as the carbon source for lipid and citric acid production using *** *** purified glycerol was high in phosphorus,it was important to inves-tigate the impact of fortification of trace elements in the medium on cell growth,lipid and citric acid(CA)*** all the trace elements(including phosphates and sulfates)required for growth and lipid production were added to the purified glycerol medium,high biomass(51.67 g/L)and lipid concentration(19.47 g/L)were observed at 96 h of fed-batch fermentation with low CA concentration of 5.42 g/*** purified glycerol medium without additional trace elements gave low biomass(27.67 g/L),lipid concentration(9.35 g/L)at 80 h of fed-batch fermentation,but gave high CA concentration(24.51 g/L).When purified glycerol was provided with only sulfates or all elements except KH_(2)PO_(4),low biomass(32.59 g/L and 38.52 g/L)and citric acid concentration(1 g/L and 2.42 g/L)were obtained at 96 h.

关键词： Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7 Purified glycerol Trace elements Microbial lipid Citric acid

Batteries for electric vehicles:Technical advancements,environmental challenges,and market perspectives

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SusMat 2024年第5期4卷 1-30页

作者： Axel Celadon Huaihu Sun Shuhui Sun Gaixia Zhang Department of Electrical Engineering Ecole de Technologie Superieure(ETS)MontrealQuebecCanada Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(inrs) Centre Energie Materiaux TelecommunicationsVarennesQuebecCanada

The rapid evolution of electric vehicles(EVs)highlights the critical role of bat-tery technology in promoting sustainable *** review offers a comprehensive introduction to the diverse landscape of batteries for *** particular,it examines the impressive array of available battery technologies,focusing on the predominance of lithium-based batteries,such as lithium-ion and lithium-metal ***,it explores battery technologies beyond lithium(“post-lithium”),including aluminum,sodium,and magnesium *** potential of solid-state batteries is also discussed,along with the current status of various battery types in EV *** review further addresses end-of-life treatment strategies for EV batteries,including reuse,remanufactur-ing,and recycling,which are essential for mitigating the environmental impact of batteries and ensuring sustainable lifecycle ***,market per-spectives and potential future research directions for battery technologies in EVs are also discussed.

关键词： electric vehicles environmental challenges market perspectives rechargeable batteries technical advancements