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inraPorc模型和NRC模型中猪的氨基酸需要量

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中国饲料 2015年第14期 40-44页

作者： Jaap van Milgen inra UMR 1348 Pegase 35590 Saint-Gilles France agrocampus ouest UMRI348 Pegase 35590 Saint-Gilles France

某种程度上,研究理想蛋白质模型的方法应该是一种动态的方式。本文比较了inra Porc模型和NRC模型在猪不同生长阶段的氨基酸需要量;阐述了配制日粮配方是根据需要量或是生长性能以及选择何种模型需要使用者去更好地判断。

关键词：猪生长怀孕哺乳理想蛋白质氨基酸 inraPorc模型 NRC模型

Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 185-203页

作者： Jean Noblet Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct inraE UMR 1348 PEGASE35590 St-GillesFrance School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

The cost of feed represents an important part of the total cost in swine and poultry production(>60%)with energy accounting for at least 70%of feed *** energy value of ingredients or compound feeds can be estimated as digestible(DE),metabolisable(ME)and net energy(NE)in pigs and ME and NE in *** current paper reviews the different methods for evaluating DE,ME and NE of feeds for monogastric animals and their difficulties and limits,with a focus on *** pigs and poultry,energy digestibility depends on the chemical characteristics of the feed,but also on technology(pelleting,for instance)and animal factors such as their health and body *** ME value includes the energy losses in urine that are directly dependent on the proportion of dietary N excreted in urine resulting in the concept of ME adjusted for a zero N balance(MEn)in *** poultry,the concept of true ME(TME,TMEn),which excludes the endogenous fecal and urinary energy losses from the excreta energy,was also *** measurement of dietary NE is more complex,and NE values of a given feed depend on the animal and environmental factors and also measurement and calculation *** combination of NE values of diets obtained under standardised conditions allows calculating NE prediction equations that are applicable to both ingredients and compound *** abundance of energy concepts,especially for poultry,and the numerous feed and animal factors of variation related to energy digestibility or ME utilisation for NE suggest that attention must be paid to the experimental conditions for evaluating DE,ME or NE *** also suggests the necessity of standardisations,one of them being,as implemented in pigs,an adjustment of ME values in poultry for an N retention representative of modern production conditions(MEs).In conclusion,this review illustrates that,in addition to numerous technical difficulties for evaluating energy in pigs and poultry,the absolute energy values depend

关键词： Pig Poultry Feed Energy value Methodology

以遗传潜力推算最佳生长及经济效益的生猪饲料配方及自动化饲喂计划

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中国饲料 2018年第7期 87-91页

作者： J.van Milgen J.Noblet J.Y.Dourmad E.Labussiere F.Garcia-Launay L.Brossard inra UMR1348 PEGASE法国圣吉尔F-35590 agrocampus ouest UMR1348 PEGASE法国雷恩F-35000

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能... 详细信息

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能的持续监测和调节营养供给的饲喂系统。

关键词：家畜精准饲养遗传潜力配方自动化饲喂

siMMinTM:一种模拟不同饲喂方案下生长猪的锌平衡的在线软件

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siMMinTM:一种模拟不同饲喂方案下生长猪的锌平衡的在线软件

Oat bran and wheat bran impact net energy by shaping microbial communities and fermentation products in pigs fed diets with or without xylanase

中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会

作者：张永刚 DUROSOY Stephane Dourmad Jean-Yves 法国Animine公司 inra-agrocampus ouest umr1348 pegase 35590saint-gilles France

在养猪生产实践中养猪生产者为了保证饲料配方具有一定的安全系数或者利用高锌维护肠道健康和提高生长性能的作用,往往向饲料中添加过量的锌。但是过量的锌不仅不被动物消化吸收而是随粪便被排出体外,而且粪便中过量的锌会对水源和土壤... 详细信息

在养猪生产实践中养猪生产者为了保证饲料配方具有一定的安全系数或者利用高锌维护肠道健康和提高生长性能的作用,往往向饲料中添加过量的锌。但是过量的锌不仅不被动物消化吸收而是随粪便被排出体外,而且粪便中过量的锌会对水源和土壤造成污染。因此,测定日粮和粪便中锌的含量,计算日粮中的锌在生长猪上的代谢平衡变得非常重要。近而采取有效措施来降低粪便中锌的排泄量,从而降低粪便中的锌对环境的污染。然而,锌的代谢平衡试验不仅耗时长且工作量大,同时在操作上对许多养殖场来说具有一定难度。鉴于此,法国Animine公司在法国国家农业科学研究院的帮助下开发了一种动态的模拟不同饲喂方案下生长猪的锌平衡的在线软件—siMMin软件。siMMin软件的计算都是以欧盟现有的法规为基准。siMMin软件关注猪从断奶到屠宰的整个生长阶段。为了与现有情况相比较,siMMin软件在进行模拟时可以同时改变多个变量。因为该软件考虑到了不同猪场中不同生长阶段猪的生长性能以及饲喂方案的差异,所以可以在不同生产条件下的猪场中应用。而且siMMin软件的使用都非常直观且操作简单。实践表明,siMMin软件可以有效地帮助养猪生产者在不进行动物实验的情况下通过调节日粮中锌的含量来降低被排放到粪便的锌的含量,从而降低粪便中的锌对环境的污染。siMMin软件的应用是养猪生产者用来减轻环境污染的有力工具,有助于养殖业可持续发展。

关键词： siMMinTM 生长猪锌平衡

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 386-401页

作者： Zhiqian Lyu Li Wang Jinrong Wang Zhenyu Wang Shuai Zhang Junjun Wang Jinlong Cheng Changhua Lai State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijing 100193China inra-agrocampus UMR PEGASE1348Saint-Gilles35000 RennesFrance College of Bioengineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Jiangsu Youshi Biotechnology Development Co.Ltd. Suqian 223800JiangsuChina.

Background: Dietary fiber can be fermented in gut of pigs and the end products of fermentation were short-chain fatty acids(SCFA). The SCFA had positive effects on gut bacteria and host immune system. In addition, SCFA can provide a part of available energy for pigs. However, there were limited reports on the relationship between dietary fiber, gut bacteria, and energy metabolism. Therefore, this study investigated how dietary fiber and enzyme addition impacted energy metabolism by acting on the microbial community and ***: Wheat bran(WB) was added to the corn-soybean meal-based diet at the levels of 12% and 27%, and oat bran(OB) at 15% and 36%. One of each diet was supplemented with or without 5000 U/kg feed of xylanase, so a total of 10 diets were allotted to 60 growing pigs(initial body weight: 27.2 ± 1.2 kg) using a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted in 10 consecutive periods using 6 similar open-circuit respiration chambers. Each pig was used for one 20-day period. During each period, six pigs were allowed 14 d to adapt to the diets in metabolic cages followed by 6 d(from d 15 to d 20) in respiration chambers to measure heat production(HP).Results: Pigs fed 36% OB diets had greater(P < 0.05) nutrient digestibility and net energy(NE) values compared to those fed 27% WB diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter(DM) and crude protein(CP) were lower(P < 0.05) in pigs fed 27% WB diets compared with those fed 12% WB diets. Enzyme addition improved(P < 0.05)the NE values(11.37 vs. 12.43 MJ/kg DM) in diets with 27% WB. Supplementation of xylanase did not affect NE values for basal diets, OB diets and 12%WB diets. Compared with diets with 36% OB, pigs fed 27% WB-based diets excreted more total SCFA, acetate and propionate(expressed as g/kg feed DM) in fecal samples of pigs(P < 0.05).Pigs in the WB diets had greater proportion of phylum Bacteroidetes while phylum Firmicutes were greater in pigs fed OB diets(P < 0.05). P

关键词： Bacterial community Bacterial metabolites Dietary fiber Exogenous enzyme Net energy Pig

Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-Abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux Joseph Martin Bell Jean-Francois Rami Daniel Fonceka Joel Romaric Nguepjop Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Department of Plant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAP Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’Etudes Regional Pour L’Amelioration de L’Adaptation a La Secheresse(CERAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional *** this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed *** elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 *** were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between *** magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid *** yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples *** pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the ***,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment *** confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different f

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared spectroscopy Germplasm analysis Environment Nutritional Breeding

Interaction between Live Yeast and Dietary Rumen Degradable Protein Level: Effects on Diet Utilization in Early-Lactating Dairy Cows

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： Christine Julien Jean Philippe Marden Eric Auclair Raymond Moncoulon Laurent Cauquil Jean Louis Peyraud Corine Bayourthe Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Castanet-Tolosan France inra UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Castanet-Tolosan France Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Toulouse France Lesaffre Feed Additives Marcq-en-Baroeul France inra UMR1348 PEGASE F-35590 Saint-Gilles France

Four early lactating Holstein cows were used to study the effect of live yeast (LY, Actisaf®CNCM I-4407, Lesaffre Feed Additives, Marcq en Baroeul, France) supplementation on diet digestive utilization of dairy cows receiving concentrated corn silage-based diets with two rumen-degradable protein (RDP) levels. For a 33 d period, cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing an adequate level (AL) of RDP or a low level (LL, 30% below AL) by using soybean meal or tanned soybean meal, respectively: for 21 d with no LY addition followed by 12 d during which LY was added to the diet. The pH and redox potential (Eh) were recorded and ruminal fluid samples were collected over 3 consecutive days. Feces were collected individually over 48 h and individual dry matter intake (DMI) was measured for determining apparent nutrient digestibility. The effective degradability of individual feed ingredients composing both diets was evaluated with nylon bags technique. Structure of the ruminal bacterial community was studied and diversity index was calculated. Digestibility of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) were lower for LL than those for AL. With LY, digestibility of OM and CP was increased: +2.4 and +0.8 points, for AL, and +3.7 and +5.9 points for LL, respectively. Live yeast reduced dietary N ruminal degradation with both AL and LL. Ruminal pH and Eh were lower with AL compared to LL: 5.95 and –167 mV vs. 6.13 and –144 mV. Live yeast increased ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (+8.6%), C2 (+10%), and C4 (+35%) contents for LL and decreased that of C3 (?9.8%) for AL. Neither the structure of bacterial populations of the rumen nor the diversity index (Shannon) was altered by treatments. Those results suggested a specific interest in using LY in RDP deficient diets for early lactating cows.

关键词： Dairy Cow Live Yeast Nitrogen Digestion Ruminally Degradable Protein

Corrigendum to“Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds:A review”[Animal Nutrition volume 8(2022),185-203]

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 378-378页

作者： Jean Noblet Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct inraE UMR 1348 PEGASE35590 St-GillesFrance School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

The authors have realized that an error repeated 4 times in this *** corrected version should be the following.

关键词： poultry corrected repeated