Methodologies for energy evaluation of pig and poultry feeds:A review

作     者：Jean Noblet Shu-Biao Wu Mingan Choct Jean Noblet;Shu-Biao Wu;Mingan Choct

作者机构：INRAEUMR 1348 PEGASE35590 St-GillesFrance School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia 

出 版 物：《Animal Nutrition》 (动物营养（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第8卷第1期

页      面：185-203页

核心收录：

学科分类：090502[农学-动物营养与饲料科学] 0905[农学-畜牧学] 09[农学] 

主　　题：Pig Poultry Feed Energy value Methodology 

摘      要：The cost of feed represents an important part of the total cost in swine and poultry production(60%)with energy accounting for at least 70%of feed *** energy value of ingredients or compound feeds can be estimated as digestible(DE),metabolisable(ME)and net energy(NE)in pigs and ME and NE in *** current paper reviews the different methods for evaluating DE,ME and NE of feeds for monogastric animals and their difficulties and limits,with a focus on *** pigs and poultry,energy digestibility depends on the chemical characteristics of the feed,but also on technology(pelleting,for instance)and animal factors such as their health and body *** ME value includes the energy losses in urine that are directly dependent on the proportion of dietary N excreted in urine resulting in the concept of ME adjusted for a zero N balance(MEn)in *** poultry,the concept of true ME(TME,TMEn),which excludes the endogenous fecal and urinary energy losses from the excreta energy,was also *** measurement of dietary NE is more complex,and NE values of a given feed depend on the animal and environmental factors and also measurement and calculation *** combination of NE values of diets obtained under standardised conditions allows calculating NE prediction equations that are applicable to both ingredients and compound *** abundance of energy concepts,especially for poultry,and the numerous feed and animal factors of variation related to energy digestibility or ME utilisation for NE suggest that attention must be paid to the experimental conditions for evaluating DE,ME or NE *** also suggests the necessity of standardisations,one of them being,as implemented in pigs,an adjustment of ME values in poultry for an N retention representative of modern production conditions(MEs).In conclusion,this review illustrates that,in addition to numerous technical difficulties for evaluating energy in pigs and poultry,the absolute energy values depend